深盆地平原地区辐射通量演变特征及数值模拟研究

本文选取典型深盆底平原地区2013~2014年气象站辐射通量数据分析其演变特征,并结合数值模拟试验,评估了WRF模式对该地区的模拟效果。结论表明:1) 辐射四分量中,向上短波辐射通量平均值为34.42 W/m2,向下短波辐射为211.57 W/m2,而向上长波辐射为403.03 W/m2,向下短波辐射为377.51 W/m2;2) 中尺度数值模式WRF常用的三种陆面过程方案均可较好地模拟出各辐射通量的变化趋势,但对辐射各分量的极值出现了高估现象,通过对比分析,Thermal方案在该地区模拟效果较好。

阿尔伯达深盆地中地层单元、压力范围和烃类之间的关系（重点放在中生界单元）

对阿尔伯达深盆地2000多口井所处的深埋中生界单元进行了地层和水动力的综合研究，其研究结果揭示了储层结构和压力之间的关系，对比了有经济价值的单元内区域流体系统的特性，并测试了已公开发表的阿尔伯达盆地流体动态模型。我们评价了中生界的两个层段(侏罗系Femie组和下自垩统Viking组)，并且为了对比，还评价了古生界的一个单元(泥盆系Nisku组)。Nisku地层是一个压力正常的单元，其流体压力在碳酸盐岩较发育的地区随深度增加而加大，而超压区限制在局部页岩发育盆地。气柱与下倾含水层有关，在西部水逐渐变淡，更接近区域回注。Femie和Viking单元向西穿过一个下倾含水层，从低压气饱和单元到正常超压区，而超静水压力出现在2600米(8530英尺)以下的深度。这两个单元的储层分布特点显著不同。Femie地层从覆盖层产油，而Viking地层的产量主要来自透镜状河道充填。在中生界单元里压力越往西越高，从低于正常压力到高于正常压力，这与阿尔伯达中西部中生界单元最低热流值和最高地热梯度有关。本文提供了一些认识阿尔伯达深盆地烃类特点和分布的看法。虽然大多数有关阿尔伯达深盆地中生界单元的研究都强调了储层的低压特性，但有一个压力连续区将浅层低压单元和深层超压区连接起来。在深部的一些区域保持了超常压力是因为低热流高地温梯度形成了有效的垂向和侧向封闭。在所有中生界单元，孔隙度并不随深度的加大而降低。包含大量岩石碎片和长石的砂岩单元，随深度的加大，压力和温度的升高，其孔隙度逐渐增大。高孔隙度砂岩可形成具高产气能力和高储量的储层；所以阿尔伯达盆地最深处许多长石岩性的古生界、中生界砂岩都具有良好的油气生产前景。压力分布和保持的一般模型并不能说明储层的结构和组分，这可能会忽略那些明显异常却具重大经济潜力的情况。

松辽盆地庆深气田储层火山岩锆石U-Pb同位素年龄及其地质意义

庆深气田储层火山岩是由多期火山喷发叠置形成，分布在白垩系下统的营城组，以酸性喷发岩为主。火山岩离子探针（SHRIMP）锆石U-Pb年龄测定结果表明，储层火山岩年代集中在111～115Ma，介于早白垩世晚期阿普第阶（Aptian）和阿尔布阶（Albian）的分界线附近。对比兴城与升平两个天然气产区的储层火山岩的形成年代，发现它们是同一时代的火山作用产物，并不是以前所认为的兴城地区火山岩属于营城组一段．升平地区火山岩属于营城组三段。这一结果对于松辽盆地火山岩气藏的勘探开发具有实际意义。

青海柴达木盆地晚中新世深沟小哺乳动物群(英文)

描述了2002-2005年间在青海德令哈深沟上油砂山组采集的小哺乳动物化石。化石共有16种,隶属食虫目、啮齿目和兔形目的12科,代表了迄今青藏高原发现种类最多、材料最丰富的小哺乳动物群。深沟动物群的组成与陕西蓝田灞河组下部层位发现的小哺乳动物组合最为接近,两者有相似的群体结构,共有Sciurotamias,Lophocricetus,Protalactaga,Myocricetodon,Nannocricetua,Pararhizomys和Ochotona 7属。但由于深沟动物群含有略进步的属、种,其时代似乎稍晚,很可能属晚中新世早期,或者中国陆生哺乳动物时代的保德期早期,与欧洲MN10上部或MN11下部的时代相当。深沟动物群指示了一个温带开阔干旱草原为主体的景观。晚中新世柴达木盆地的气候似乎没有现在这样干燥,在草原中尚有一些灌丛甚至林地。动物群的组成及所指示的生态环境都表明,青藏高原在中新世以后有过较大幅度的上升。深沟动物群中含有一鼠科新种——细弱许氏鼠(Huerzelerimys extguus sp.nov.)。Huerzele—rimys属过去只发现于欧洲,新种为该属在亚洲的首次发现。其特征为:与现知最小种H.minor相比,其臼齿更小,M1中t1的位置相对靠后,c6和t9间有超过50%的标本具一弱脊连接,m1和m2的唇侧齿带狭窄、附尖弱小。Ochotonoma primitiva(Zheng & Li,1982)是动物群中较为多见的一种鼠兔。该种最先发现于甘肃天祝,并作为Ochotona属描述。正型地点的标本不多,但尺寸和形态完全落入深沟标本的变异范围,因此认为同属一种。该种的特征增订为:中等大小的鼠兔。P2冠面长三角形,舌侧长度明显大。p3的下前边尖宽大,一般具有两个前褶或凹槽,而且至少有一褶具水泥质充填物;连接前边尖和后边尖间的齿桥(dentine isthmus)宽;前褶(paraflexis)比O.anatolica的短而狭窄,向后延伸没有O.csarnotana的那样明显。

新西兰塔拉纳基盆地深水研究区构造演化与沉积充填

新西兰塔拉纳基盆地深水研究区勘探程度极低,区域无钻井,为典型深水勘探前沿新区。研究区经历了5期构造演化,分别为:基底俯冲增生阶段、区域伸展阶段、拗陷阶段、俯冲挤压反转阶段和持续沉降及晚期局部挤压阶段。与此对应发育4套构造层序:下白垩统及下伏的裂谷期地层、上白垩统至古新统的拗陷期地层、始新统至渐新统的挤压期地层、中新统及上覆的沉降期地层。基于目前的资料,推测研究区可能发育2套含油气系统。中海油通过与外国公司合作,以低代价探索该区的勘探潜力,以优选有利勘探区带为目的,以期未来在该区获得勘探先机。

深盆气资源量—储量评价方法

深盆气藏是致密储层中与源岩相连的有根状气水倒置关系的气藏 ,是一类在成藏机理和分布规律方面都比较特殊的油气藏类型 ,常发育在盆地的构造低部位 ,在碎屑岩沉积盆地中具有广阔的勘探和发现前景。目前对深盆气资源量—储量评价方法的系统研究基本上仍是一个空白。根据深盆气藏的基本特征 ,结合油气资源评价方法论中的基本原则 ,较为扼要系统地提出了 10种深盆气资源量—储量预测方法 :特尔菲估计法、相似盆地地质条件类比法、盆地剩余资源量分析法、天然气聚散平衡计算法、地层流体异常压力恢复法、深盆气成藏条件分析预测法、盆地数值模拟法、深盆气藏甜点规模序列法、有效储层体积 (容积 )

深盆气藏基本特征及其形成机制

“深盆气藏”是近２０年来发展起来的一个新概念，它发展了新的找气理论，开辟了新了找气领域。本文系统总结了深盆气藏的主要特征，明确了深盆气藏的基本概念，全面阐述了深盆气藏的成藏机理与成藏条件。

松辽盆地火山岩储层储集空间特征及其成因

松辽盆地储层火山岩主要为流纹岩，亚碱性、钙碱性系列，钾质中高。储集空间可划分为原生孔隙、次生孔隙和裂缝3类和13种基本成因类型。火山岩储层平均孔隙度3％～15％，渗透率（0．1～5）×10μm^2，孔隙半径0．05～1μm；孔隙结构可分为粗态型、偏粗态型、偏细态型、细态型和极细态型5种。构造运动、风化淋滤作用及流体活动是影响和控制储层空间发育程度的主要地质因素。

流体包裹体在庆深气田火山岩气藏研究中的应用

松辽盆地北部庆深气田储层火山岩的流体包裹体均一温度为97.1～156.7℃。根据成分的不同可将本区的次生包裹体分为盐水包裹体和含烃盐水包裹体,其中含烃盐水包裹体所占的比例要远小于盐水包裹体。在徐家围子断陷区营城组火山岩储层中检测到6期活动热流体和4期天然气充注,其中含烃盐水包裹体记录了4期天然气向储层的充注过程,其对应的均一温度分别为97.1～114.1℃、121.4～128.3℃、130.5～138.2℃和140.6～156.7℃。结合本区的埋藏史分析,认为4期天然气充注成藏中第三期是形成大规模天然气藏的主期,即泉头组沉积末期至青山口组沉积中晚期。

地应力对致密砂岩电阻率的影响机理及地应力校正电阻率模型的建立——以克深区块巴什基奇克组致密砂岩储层为例

塔里木盆地克深区块白垩系巴什基奇克组致密砂岩储层处于异常高压和强地应力状态,地层电阻率受地应力影响显著,常以高电阻率水层的假象出现,利用常规储层流体性质判别与饱和度计算方法无法正确评价该类储层。通过建立三应力与孔隙度之间的关系式并结合阿尔奇公式,从理论上进一步印证了地应力增大导致地层电阻率增大的结论。在准确计算高陡构造地应力的基础上,通过对未受地应力作用和受地应力作用情况下的阿尔奇公式进行分析,建立了适合研究区致密砂岩地应力校正电阻率模型,并利用该模型处理了工区多口井的电阻率测井曲线。利用校正后的电阻率计算的地层含气饱和度与试油测试结论及取心资料的符合率明显提高。

The deep structures and oil-gas prospect evaluation in the Qiangtang Basin, Tibet

The Qiantang Basin is now one of the topics of general interest in petroleum exploration in China. This paper reports a comprehensive study of geophysical and geological survey data recently obtained in this area and, combined with INDEPTH-3 deep survey results, comes to the following conclusions： 1） The hydrocarbon source formations, reservoirs, and overlying strata and their association within the basin are quite good, local structures are developed, and, therefore, the region is favorable for forming and preserving oil and gas accumulations. Faults are not a fatal problem. The future main target strata are the middle-deep structural strata composed of Upper-Triassic and middle Jurassic rocks; 2） A new classification has been made for second-order tectonic sequences inside the basin to disavow the central Qingtang uplift. It is noted that the main structures at the surface are orientated NW-SE and the crustal structure can be described as three depressions, three risees, and one deep depression, of which the prospective zone with the most potential is the inner main subsided belt and its two sides; 3） Comparatively intensive interaction between the crust and mantle and volcanic and thermal activities in the northern basin play a very important role in petroleum evaluation. The southern deeper sedimentation and less thermal activity make this area a more perfect zone for oil exploration; 4） Currently, the most important objective is determining the physical properties of the deep strata, the status of oil and gas accumulations, the source of the hydrocarbons, and the relationship between the upper and lower structures; and 5） The Lunpola Tertiary basin may be favorable for oil accumulations because petroleum may migrate from marine strata on two sides.

Seismic stratigraphy of the Qiongdongnan deep sea channel system,northwest South China Sea

Based on more than 4000 km 2D seismic data and seismic stratigraphic analysis, we discussed the extent and formation mechanism of the Qiongdongnan deep sea channel. The Qiongdongnan deep sea channel is a large incised channel which extends from the east boundary of the Yinggehai Basin, through the whole Qiongdongnan and the Xisha trough, and terminates in the western part of the northwest subbasin of South China Sea. It is more than 570 km long and 4–8 km wide. The chaotic (or continuous) middle (or high) amplitude, middle (or high) continuity seismic facies of the channel reflect the different lithological distribution of the channel. The channel formed as a complex result of global sea level drop during early Pliocene, large scale of sediment supply to the Yinggehai Basin, inversion event of the Red River strike-slip fault, and tilted direction of the Qiongdongnan Basin. The large scale of sediment supply from Red River caused the shelf break of the Yinggehai Basin to move torwards the S and SE direction and developed large scale of prograding wedge from the Miocene, and the inversion of the Red River strike-slip fault induced the sediment slump which formed the Qiongdongnan deep sea channel.

Exploration and Research of Deep Crustal Structures in the Zhangzhou Basin and Its Vicinity

The Zhangzhou basin is located at the middle section of the southeast coast seismic zone of the mainland of China. Using high-resolution refraction and wide-angle reflection/refraction seismic profiling of Zhangzhou basin and its vicinity, we have obtained the crustal geometric structure and velocity structure as well as the geometric configuration and structural relationship between the deep and shallow fractures. The results show that the crust in the region is divided into the upper crust and lower crust. The thickness of the upper crust is 16.5km- 18.8km, and that of the lower crust is 12.0km- 13.0km. The upper crust is further divided into an upper and lower section. In the lower section of the upper crust, there is a low-velocity layer with a velocity of about 6.00km/s; the depth of the top surface of the low-velocity layer is about 12.0km, and the thickness is about 5.0km. The lower crust is also divided into an upper and lower section. The depth of Moho is 29.0km- 31 .8km There are 6 normal faults in the shallow crust in this region, and most of them extend downwards to a depth of less than 4kin, the maximum depth is about 5km. Below the shallow normal faults, there is a conjectural high-dip angle deep fault zone. The fault zone extends downwards till the Moho and upwards into the low-velocity layer in lower section of the upper crust. The deep and shallow faults are not tectonically connected. The combination character of deep and shallow structures in the Zhangzhou basin indicates that the Jiulongjiang fault zone is a deep fault zone with distinct characteristics and a complex deep and shallow structure background. The acquisition of deep seismic exploration results obviously enhanced the reliability of explanation of deep-structural data and the exploration precision of the region. The combination of deep and shallow structures resulted in uniform explanation results. The delamination of the crust and the characteristic of the structures are more precise and explicit. We discovered for the first time the combination characteristics of extensional structures and listric faults in the upper crust. This is not only helpful to the integrative judgment of earthquake risk in Zhangzhou and its vicinity, but also of importance for deepening the knowledge of deep dynamic processes in the southeast coast seismic zone.

Exploration technology and development trend of Daqing Oilfield

Exploration for oil and deep gas in northern Songliao Basin,complex rift basin—Hailaer Basin,and Yi-Shu Graben in peripheral basin has technical challenge.Researches on supporting technology including seismic acquisition,processing and interpretation,logging and drilling are performed to establish high resolution 3D seismic technology for lithologic reservoir,deep volcanic rock and complex rift basin,reservoir evaluation and stimulation technology for low permeability reservoir,volcanic reservoir and complex rift reservoir,and drilling technology for deep volcanic rock,providing technical support for reserves increase in northern Songliao Basin,large gas reservoirs discovery in deep volcanic rock and exploration progress in complex rift basin.Next-step development trend of exploration technology is proposed to meet the demand of more technical challenges in the future.

Depositional chemistry of chert during late Paleozoic from western Guangxi and its implication for the tectonic evolution of the Youjiang Basin

Continual deep-water sediments from the late Early Devonian to the Late Permian extended in wide areas of western Guangxi. We analyzed the major, trace, and rare earth elements of the Upper Paleozoic cherts in Badu, western Guangxi. High non-terrigenous SiO2 contents （Sinon_ter/Sibulk（%）〉 80%） and pure chert components （〉 70%） indicate a large extent of silicifi- cation in the Upper Paleozoic cherts, except for the Upper Devonian-Lower Carboniferous Luzhai Formation cherts, which have lower non-terrigenous SiO2 contents （avg. 71.8%） and pure chert components （40%-70%）. The Al/（AI＋Fe＋Mn） ratios and Feter/Febulk（%） values of samples from the lowest horizon of the Pingen Formation are 0.05-0.26, 13.1%-14.5%, respec- tively, indicating hydrothermal origins. All other samples show high Al/（Al＋Fe＋Mn） ratios （0.39±0.81） and high Feter/Febulk（%） values （23.1%-186.8%）, indicating non-hydrothermal origins. The Pingen Formation and Liujiang Formation cherts show slightly-moderately negative Ce anomalies （0.71±0.07, 0.81±0.08, respectively） and higher Y/Ho ratios （33.49±1.27, 36.10±2.05, respectively） than PAAS. This suggests that these cherts were deposited in the open marine basin, rather than in the intracontinental rift basin as previously assumed. The Luzhai Formation cherts may be deposited near the seamount or sea- floor plateaus with no negative Ce anomalies （1.09±0.07） and no significant Y-Ho fractionation （Y/Ho=28.60±1.25）. The Nandan Formation and Sidazhai Formation cherts were deposited in the open-ocean basin with moderately negative Ce anom- alies （0.67±0.08, 0.73±0.11, respectively） and high Y/Ho ratios （36.01±1.00, 32.00±2.25, respectively）. On the basis of our studies about cherts, we conclude that the Youjiang Basin originated as part of the Paleo-Tethys that controlled the deposition- al environments of cherts during late Paleozoic. The rift of the Youjiang Basin had occurred at least since the Early-Middle Devonian. The basin had a trend of evolving into an open-ocean basin during the Early-Middle Permian.

The magmatic activity mechanism of the fossil spreading center in the Southwest sub-basin, South China Sea

Petrogeochemical data indicate that after the end of seafloor spreading,residual magmatic activity still exists in the deep basin of the South China Sea.By using different viscous structure models beneath the fossil spreading center of the Southwest sub-basin we simulated the amount of melt produced,the length of the melting period,and the thermal evolution process in terms of geothermics and the buoyant decompression melting mechanism.We compared the results of our model with observed heat flow,seismic,and petrogeochemistry data.The results show that depletion buoyancy induced by buoyant decompression melting plays an important role in the melting process,while retention buoyancy,thermal buoyancy,and viscous shear force have only a weak influence on the melting process.From the length of the melting period,we determined that for the three viscous structures models the magmatic activity lasted about 5,12,and 15 Ma.Under the effect of buoyant depression melting,local high-temperature areas will develop under the basin,which can explain the low-velocity layer detected by seismic exploration in the middle and upper lithosphere of the Southwest sub-basin.We also simulated the possible lithology distribution beneath the fossil spreading center with the physical conditions of different viscous structure,different temperature structure,and different melting fraction,which provided a greater understanding of the rock petrogeochemical data of the deep sea basin in the South China Sea.

Submarine slide evidence for late Miocene strike-slip reversal of the Red River Fault

During the late Miocene(~5.5 Ma), a large-scale submarine slide with an area of approximately 18000 km^2 and a maximum thickness of 930 m formed in the deep-water region of the Qiongdongnan Basin. The large-scale submarine slide has obvious features in seismic profile, with normal faults in the proximal region, escarpments at the lateral boundary, and a pronounced shear surface at the base. The internal seismic reflections are chaotic and enclosed by parallel and sub-parallel seismic events.The main direction of sediment transport was from south to north and the main sediment source was the southern region of the Qiongdongnan Basin, which is located in the east of the Indo-China Peninsula and the north of the Guangle uplift. In this region,late Miocene strike-slip reversal of the Red River Fault, uplift and increased erosion of the Indo-China Peninsula, and an abrupt rise in the rate of deposition in the western part of the South China Sea provided the basic conditions and triggering mechanism for the large-scale submarine slide. The discovery of the large-scale submarine slide provides sedimentological evidence for the tectonic event of late Miocene strike-slip reversal of the Red River Fault. It can also be inferred that the greatest tectonic activity during the process of the Red River Fault reversal occurred at ~5.5 Ma from the age of top surface of the submarine slide.

Geomagnetic polarity transitions recorded in the Miocene lavas of the Wuyu basin,Tibet

Geomagnetic polarity transitions were the most important phenomena in the study of the geomagnetic field evolution and the earth＇s deep interior dynamics. The Miocene postcollisional ultrapotassic-potassic rocks are widely distributed in the Lhasa Block of southern Tibet. Paleomagnetic studies on the Wuyu Formation indicated that these volcanic rocks recorded the C5Bn.2n-C5Bn.lr and C5ACr-C5ACn geomagnetic polarity transitions. The virtual geomagnetic poles （VGPs） of these two polarity transitions were located in the Atlantic and the central Pacific, respectively. Due to data scarcity, it remains unclear whether VGP paths of Miocene geomagnetic polarity transitions were longitudinal preference and/or 90° away from the sampiing sites.