真三轴条件下砂岩渐进破坏力学行为试验研究

借助于多功能真三轴流固耦合试验系统,基于深部初始高地应力状态还原思路,对砂岩进行了不同应力路径、不同模拟深度下的真三轴正交力学试验,获得了真三轴不同工况下砂岩变形全过程应力-应变曲线,深入分析了砂岩在Z,Y,X三个方向上的渐进变形演化规律,表征了真三轴条件下砂岩渐进破坏力学行为演化特征,较好地反映了与之相对应的深部矿井巷道开挖后围岩的渐进变形演化特征及其渐进破坏力学机制。研究结果表明:①同一应力路径、不同模拟深度下的砂岩峰值强度随模拟深度的增加而不断增大,这表明深部效应对砂岩强度演化规律存在显著影响;②同一模拟深度、不同应力路径下的砂岩Z向主应变随Z向主应力的增大而不断增加,X向主应变却是随Z向主应力的增大而不断减小,这表明应力加载路径是影响砂岩X方向与Z方向渐进变形破坏机制的一大因素;③路径2与路径3下的砂岩Y向主应变均是随着模拟深度的增加而不断增大,而路径1下的砂岩Y向主应变却是随着模拟深度的增加呈现出先增大后减小的渐变规律,这说明应力卸载程度会显著影响砂岩Y方向的渐进变形特征。另外,不同应力路径下的砂岩X向主应变均是随着模拟深度的增加而不断增大,深部效应显著。

Mechanical behavior of deep sandstone under high stress-seepage coupling

The mechanical behavior evolution characteristics of sandstone are important to the application and practice of rock engineering.Therefore,a new method and concept of deep rock mechanics testing are proposed to reveal the mechanical behavior evolution mechanism of deep roadway surrounding rock after excavation with a depth over 1000 m.High stress-seepage coupling experiments of deep sandstone under various confining pressures are conducted using GCTS.Stress−strain and permeability curves are obtained.The three-stage mechanical behavior of deep sandstone is better characterized.A platform and secondary compaction phenomena are observed.With the confining pressure increasing,the platform length gradually decreases,even disappears.In the stade I,the rigid effect of deep sandstone is remarkable.In the stage II,radial deformation of deep sandstone dominates.The transient strain of confining pressure compliance is defined,which shows three-stage evolution characteristics.In the stage III,the radial deformation is greater than the axial deformation in the pre-peak stage,but the opposite trend is observed in the post-peak stage.It is found that the dynamic permeability can be more accurately characterized by the radial strain.The relations between the permeability and stress−strain curves in various stages are revealed.

Time-dependent behaviors and volumetric recovery phenomenon of sandstone under triaxial loading and unloading

The time-dependent behaviors of coal and rocks were easily ignored. Besides, “three-stage” triaxial loading and unloading mechanics tests of sandstone were conducted based on the idea of the initial high in-situ stress state recovery according to the full-life cycle evolution characteristics of surrounding rocks in deep mines(pre-excavation,excavation and post-excavation). The time-dependent stress-strain curves of sandstone were obtained. Meanwhile, the deformation and strength fitting relationships with time of sandstone were also built. Furthermore, the dilatancy and volumetric recovery mechanical mechanisms of sandstone were revealed. The results showed that: 1) There were significant time-dependent evolution characteristics on the deformation and strength of sandstone;2) There were significant correlations among the internal friction angle, cohesion and the simulated depths;3) Volumetric recovery phenomenon of sandstone was observed for the first time, which mainly occurred at the simulated depth of 2000 m. The above research conclusions could provide a certain theoretical basis for the stability control of surrounding rocks in deep mines.

Brazilian disc test study on tensile strength-weakening effect of high pre-loaded red sandstone under dynamic disturbance

Tensile failure(spalling or slabbing)often occurs on the sidewall of deep tunnel,which is closely related to the coupled stress state of deep rock mass under high pre-static load and dynamic disturbance.To reveal the mechanism of rock tensile failure caused by this coupled stress mode,the Brazilian disc tests were carried on red sandstone under high pre-static load induced by dynamic disturbance.Based on the pure static tensile fracture load of red sandstone specimen,two static load levels(80%and 90%of the pure static tensile fracture load)were selected as the initial high pre-static loading state,and then the dynamic disturbance load was applied until the rock specimen was destroyed.The dynamic disturbance loading mode adopted a sinusoidal wave(sine-wave)load,and the loading wave amplitude was 20%and 10%of the pure static tensile fracture load,respectively.The dynamic disturbance frequencies were set to 1,10,20,30,40,and 50 Hz.The results show that the tensile failure strength and peak displacement of red sandstone specimens under coupled load actions are lower than those under pure static tensile load,and both parameters decrease significantly with the increase of dynamic disturbance frequency.With the increase of dynamic disturbance frequency,the decrease range of tensile strength of red sandstone increased from 3.3%to 9.4%when the pre-static load level is 80%.While when the pre-static load level is 90%,the decrease range will increase from 7.4%to 11.6%.This weakening effect of tensile strength shows that the deep surrounding rock is more likely to fail under the coupled load actions of pre-static load and dynamic disturbance.In this tensile failure mechanism of the deep surrounding rock,the stress environment of deep sidewall rock determines that the failure mode of rock is a tensile failure,the pre-static load level dominates the tensile failure strength of surrounding rock,and dynamic disturbance promotes the strength-weakening effect and affects the weakening range.