地下钢管混凝土组合框架施工力学性能研究

为分析地下钢管混凝土组合框架施工力学性能,本文结合天津地铁站交通枢纽工程,通过ABAQUS软件建立了一榀四层三跨钢管混凝土组合框架结构模型,分析其在梁板自重、施工荷载及核心混凝土浇筑荷载下框架柱纵向变形及横向变形,并与相关规范中的规定限值作对比。

灌芯装配式混凝土柱性能分析

基于ABAQUS有限元数值模拟结果,探讨灌芯装配式混凝土柱(GX)与普通混凝土柱(KZ)的受力性能.首先,通过理论计算和模拟计算的结果对比,验证数值模拟的可靠性.然后,对比两种柱的位移荷载曲线图和混凝土破坏损伤云图,发现曲线基本吻合,云图分布基本相同.故证明灌芯装配式混凝土柱(GX)具有装配式优点,同时不影响其结构性能.

钢管初应力对方钢管混凝土力学性能影响的试验研究

通过14个方钢管混凝土力学性能试验结果,对无初应力和有初应力构件的荷载-挠度关系曲线、荷载-纵向拉应变和压应变的关系曲线进行了对比分析.得到有初应力时对方钢管混凝土力学性能的影响,可供设计时参考.

基于影响面的混凝土浇筑期施工荷载调查和统计分析

根据泵送混凝土浇筑期施工荷载的分布特点,提出基于模板支架立杆轴力影响面特征的施工活荷载和混凝土荷载等施工荷载的调研方法;在不同城市的数十个混凝土建筑施工工地采集样本数据,涉及施工人员和小型设备数量、施工人员体重、混凝土堆积高度、振捣后混凝土高度和混凝土重度;提出施工活荷载和混凝土荷载的统计方法,根据采集的样本数据,给出上述两种施工荷载的统计特征。研究成果为制定新设计标准打下基础。

高应变法模拟Q-s曲线误差分析

依据某静压桩工程试桩的单桩竖向抗压静载试验和高应变动力试验结果,结合其桩身材料特性、桩侧阻力和桩端阻力发挥性状的分析,对高应变动测模拟Q-s曲线误差进行了分析和研究。高应变动测计算的Q-s曲线和静载试验实测结果相比,在荷载较小时高应变动测计算的沉降较大,在荷载较大时高应变动测的沉降较小。高应变试验模拟计算结果与静载结果的不同,与其测试分析中采用的桩身材料和土阻力的数学模型有关。高应变动测分析时假定桩身是弹性的,但实际桩身混凝土是非线性的,使得高应变动测模拟计算的Q-s曲线产生了一定的误差;而高应变动测分析中土静阻力弹塑性的假定与实际土阻力发挥性状的不同,以及高应变测试时桩产生的位移较小,是高应变动测模拟Q-s曲线误差的主要原因,在采用高应变动测模拟Q-s曲线时应考虑这些因素的影响。

浅谈反支点预压法在高墩大跨桥梁施工中的应用

反支点预压法是一种较新颖的高墩大跨桥梁施工预压方法,他可以广泛应用于各种大吨位的支架预压、托架预压、挂篮预压等。结合湖北沪蓉西高速公路铁罗坪特大桥主塔下横梁支架预压的实践,着重介绍反支点预压法在高墩大跨桥梁施工中的应用,同时与通常的水箱预压法、砂袋预压法、钢材预压法在预压工艺、预压成本方面进行对比,凸现反支点预压法的优越性。

反支点预压法在高墩大跨桥梁施工中的应用

反支点预压法是一种较新颖的高墩大跨桥梁施工预压方法,可广泛应用于各种大吨位的支架预压、托架预压、挂篮预压等。结合湖北沪蓉西高速公路铁罗坪特大桥主塔下横梁支架预压的实践,介绍反支点预压法在高墩大跨桥梁施工中的应用。在预压工艺、模拟混凝土荷载效果、预压成本、预压安全性方面将其与传统的堆载预压法进行对比,说明反支点预压法的优越性。

Damage of concrete attacked by sulfate and sustained loading

The damage processes of ordinary concrete and high strength concrete, attacked by solutions of 2. 5%, 5. 0% and 10% Na2SO4（mass fraction）are studied. And the effects of flexural loads with stress ratios of 25% and 50% of the initial flexural strength on the damage process of concrete are also investigated. The results show that the damage process of concrete attacked by sulfate salt exhibits an initial damaged stage, a performance improving stage and a performance worsening stage. When the concentration of Na2SO4 in a solution increases from 2. 5% to 5.0%, the service time of the concrete decreases approximately 25%. Furthermore, it decreases to even 40% with an increase in a Na2SO4 concentration up to 10%. And the flexural load accelerates the deterioration rate of the concrete in the latter period. The stress ratio increases from 0 to 25%, the failure time of the concrete decreases 15% ; and the failure time decreases between 25% and 35% when the stress ratio increases from 25% to 50%. In addition, sulfate corrosion products of concrete are studied by SEM （scanning electron microscopy）, EDS （energy disperse spectroscopy） and XRD（X-ray diffraction）.

Unified strength model based on the Hoek-Brown failure criterion for fibre-reinforced polymer-confined pre-damaged concrete columns with circular and square cross sections

Fibre-reinforced polymer(FRP)has the advantages of high strength,light weight,corrosion resistance and convenient construction and is widely used in repairing and strengthening damaged concrete columns.Most of the existing strength models were built by regression analysis of experimental data;however,in this article,a new unified strength model is proposed using the Hoek-Brown failure criterion.To study the strength of FRP-confined damaged and undamaged concrete columns,900 test data were collected from the published literature and a large database that contains the cross-sectional shape of each specimen,the damage type,the damage level and the FRP-confined stiffness was established.A new strength model using the Hoek-Brown failure criterion was established and is suitable for both circular and square columns that are undamaged,load-damaged and fire-damaged.Based on the database,most of the existing strength models from the published literature and the model proposed in this paper were evaluated.The evaluation shows that the proposed model can predict the compressive strength for FRP-confined pre-damaged and undamaged concrete columns with good accuracy.

Pressure-impulse diagram with multiple failure modes of one-way reinforced concrete slab under blast loading using SDOF method

Two loosely coupled single degree of freedom (SDOF) systems were used to model the flexural and direct shear responses of one-way reinforced concrete slabs subjected to explosive loading. Blast test results show that the SDOF systems are accurate in predicting the failure mode of the slab under blast loads by incorporating the effects of the strain rate effect caused by rapid load application. Based on different damage criteria, pressure-impulse (P-I) diagrams of the two failure modes were analyzed with the SDOF systems. The effects of span length, concrete strength, and reinforcement ratio of the slab on the P-I diagram were also investigated. Results indicate that a slab tends to fail in direct shear mode when it is of a smaller span length and tends to fail in flexure mode when it is of a larger span length. With the increase of the concrete strength or reinforced ratio, both the flexure and shear capacity increase. Based on numerical results, a simplified method and a semi analytical equation for deriving the P-I diagram are proposed for different failure modes and damage levels.

Uplift behavior and load transfer mechanism of prestressed high-strength concrete piles

Prestressed high-strength-concrete (PHC) tube-shaped pile is one of the recently used foundations for soft soil. The research on uplift resistance of PHC pile is helpful to the design of pile foundations. A field-scale test program was conducted to study the uplift behavior and load transfer mechanism of PHC piles in soft soil. The pullout load tests were divided into two groups with different diameters, and there were three piles in each group. A detailed discussion of the axial load transfer and pile skin resistance distribution was also included. It is found from the tests that the uplift capacity increases with increasing the diameter of pile. When the diameter of piles increases from 500 to 600 mm, the uplift load is increased by 51.2%. According to the load-displacement (Q-S) curves, all the piles do not reach the ultimate state at the maximum load. The experimental results show that the piles still have uplift bearing capacity.

Effect of flexural loading on degradation progress of recycled aggregate concrete subjected to sulfate attack and wetting-drying cycles

The degradation progress of recycled aggregate concrete(RAC) subjected to sulfate attack under wetting-drying cycles and flexural loading is studied. Three different stress ratios(0, 0.3 and 0.5) were applied in this test. The variations of relative dynamic elastic modulus Erd and water-soluble SO2-4 contents in RAC were used to evaluate degradation progress. The changes in mineral products and microstructures of interior concrete were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction(XRD), the environmental scanning electron microscope(ESEM) and X-ray computed tomography(X-CT). The results indicate that flexural loading accelerates the degradation of RAC under sulfate attack and wetting-drying cycles by expediting the transmission of SO2-4 into interior concrete. Furthermore, the accelerated effect of flexural loading is more obvious with the increase of stress ratio, that is because higher stress ratios can accelerate the extension of microcracks and generate more channels for the transmission of SO2-4. Also, more expansive products(gypsum and ettringite) are generated by the reaction of Ca(OH)2 with SO2-4, which can further accelerate the degradation of RAC.

Strength and Toughness of Steel Fibre Reinforced Reactive Powder Concrete Under Blast Loading

The blast resistance of structures used in buildings needs to be investigated due to the increased threat of a terrorist attack. The damage done by Composition B or Powergel to steel fibre reinforced reactive powder concrete （SFRPC） panels and ordinary reinforced concrete （RC） panels of equivalent static flexural strength is compared. A 0. 5 kg charge was detonated at a distance of 0. 1 m from the 1. 3 m × 1. 0 m × 0. 1 m （thick） panels, which were simply supported and spaning 1.3 m. Dynamic displacement measurements, high-speed video recording and visual examination of the panels for spall and breach were undertaken. The SFRPC panels withstood the bare charge blast better than the reinforced ordinary concrete panels. Neither type of panel was breached using a O. 5 kg charge, The RC panel exhibited more spalling when Composition B was used. Under successive Composition B loading conditions, the RC panel was breached. In comparison the SFRPC panel was not breached. Exposure to fragmenting charge loading conditions confirmed these performance differences between the SFRPC panel and the reinforced ordinary concrete panel.

Study and application of a new type of foamed concrete wall in coal mines

A new type of airtight wall with the combination of foamed concrete and pier support was designed in this study. Based on the theories and models related to the foamed concrete and blasting shock load, using the numerical analysis method, this study obtains the new material＇s mechanical and destruction laws through analyzing its reaction to different conditions of load （mining and shock waves）, airtight wall thickness （1.2, 1.5, 1.8, 2.1 m） and steel pipe diameters （400, 450, 500 and 600 mm）. The results show that： ①foamed concrete can have very good suspension, and the pier column support is the main carrier of roof pressure; ② the damaged area of foamed concrete decreases as the foamed concrete thickness increases. Under impact loading, the thickness of the foamed concrete wall plays a more obvious role in retaining its integrity; ③under the same mining pressure, the damage area increases as the steel pipe diameter increases; ④ with additional mining stress increase, under whether static load or impact load, the stress on the foamed concrete and steel pipe will also increase gradually, therefore the actual airtight wall design will need to be based on specific circumstances in steel stress.

Damage constitutive model of different age concretes under impact load

In order to investigate the mechanical properties and stress-strain curves of concrete at different ages under impact load,the impact compression tests of concrete at age of 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 d were conducted with a large diameter split Hopkinson pressure bar, respectively. Based on statistical damage theory and Weibull distribution, combining the analysis of the change laws of stressstrain curves and viscosity coefficient of concrete with age, a damage constitutive model that can reflect the variation in dynamic mechanical properties with age was proposed. The stress-strain curves calculated from the proposed model are in good agreement with those from experimental data directly.

Experimental and theoretical analysis on the natural frequency of external prestressed concrete beams

Analyses and computations of the natural frequencies of external prestressed concrete structures are the bases for studying the dynamic properties of such structures. We carded out dynamic tests on three types of external simply supported beams, pulling the beams gradually. Then vertical loads were applied to the beams while the frequencies and related coefficients were measured at every step. We calculated natural frequencies and the results indicate that natural frequencies increase as the prestressing force rises in the pre-crack stage, and decrease significantly during the post-crack stage. Substantial incoincidences exist between the calculated and experimental results for the frequency and its tendency to changel Based on the experimental results, we modified the stiffness and other parameters in the equations. The results calculated using the modified equations agree with experimental results well, so the modified eauations can be used nractically.

Mechanism of improving ductility of high strength concrete T-section beam confined by CFRP sheet subjected to flexural loading

For the purpose of inventing a new seismic retrofitting method for the reinforced high strength concrete （HSC） T-section beam using carbon fiber reinforced polymer （CFRP） sheet, three series, a total of twelve T-section beams with nine specimens confined by CFRP sheet in the plastic zone and three control beams were conducted up to failure under four-point bending test. The effectiveness of confining CFRP sheet on improving the flexural ductility of tmstrengthened T-section beams was studied. The parameters such as the width and the thickness of CFRP sheet and the type of T-section were analyzed. The experimental results show that ductility and rotation capacity of plastic hinge can be improved by the confinement of CFRP sheet, and the ductility indices increase with the increment of width and thickness of CFRP sheet. A plastic rotation model considering the width of CFRP sheet and the effect of flange of T-section beam is proposed on the basis of the model of BAKER, and the test results show a good agreement with the perdicted results. The relevant construction suggestions for seismic retrofitting design of beam-slabs system in cast-in-place framework structure are presented.

Influence of Repeated Variable Load on Long-Term Behavior of Concrete Elements

The objective of this paper is to study the influence of repeated variable action on long-term behavior of concrete structural elements using quasi-permanent combination of actions, for the assessment of long-term effects （e.g., effects due to creep and shrinkage in concrete structures）, as it is proposed in Eurocodes. Extensive experimental program and analytical research using model B3 and AAEM （age adjusted effective modulus） method was performed in order to define quasi-permanent factor ψ2, for two specific loading histories. These loading histories were consist of long-term permanent action ＂G＂ and repeated variable action ＂Q＂. The variable load was applied in cycles of loading/unloading for 24 h and 48 h in period of 400 days appropriately for one series of concrete elements. 24 reinforced concrete beams, dimensions 150 mm × 280 mm × 3,000 mm, were tested. Twelve beams were made of concrete class C30/37 and 12 of concrete class C60/75.

Nonlinear finite element analysis of steel-concrete composite beams

Proposes a simplified finite element model for steel-concrete composite beams. The effects of slip can be taken into account by creating a special matrix of shear connector stiffness and using the iteration method. Meanwhile, the effect of material non-linearity of steel and concrete on rigidity and strength of composite beams is considered. With the age-adjusted effective modulus method, the analysis for the whole process of shrinkage and creep under long-term load can be performed. The ultimate load, deflection, stress and slip of continuous composite beams under short-term and long-term load are computed using the proposed finite element model. The numerical results are compared with the experimental results and existing values based on other numerical methods, and are found to be in good agreement.

Improved methods for decreasing stresses of concrete slab of large-span through tied-arch composite bridge

Mechanical behavior of concrete slab of large-span through tied-arch composite bridge was investigated by finite element analysis (FEA). Improved methods to decrease concrete stresses were discussed based on comparisons of different deck schemes, construction sequences and measures, and ratios of reinforcement. The results show that the mechanical behavior of concrete slab gets worse with the increase of composite regions between steel beams and concrete slab. The deck scheme with the minimum composite region is recommended on condition that both strength and stiffness of the bridge meet design demands under service loads. Adopting in-situ-place construction method, concrete is suggested to be cast after removing the full-supported frameworks under the bridge. Thus, the axial tensile force of concrete slab caused by the first stage dead load is eliminated. Preloading the bridge before concrete casting and removing the load after the concrete reaching its design strength, the stresses of concrete slab caused by the second stage dead load and live load are further reduced or even eliminated. At last, with a high ratio of reinforcement more than 3%, the concrete stresses decrease obviously.