新型贮能元件超级电容器

超级电容器是贮能特性介于普通电容器和蓄电池之间的贮能元件。它具有功率密度高、充电时间短、使用寿命长的优异特性。它与蓄电池组合成的混合动力电源,可以满足多种用电设备对电源提出的功率密度和能量密度的要求。

Modern Electrical Power Source on New System of Dissipation and Renewable Energies Sources

This paper presents some solutions of modem renewable energy system applied actually in dissipation energy source： wind turbine, solar panel battery charge, SSS （support set system）, and standby diesel generator cooperated in series, parallel and hybrid system with main energy system. Its solution enable obtain independent individual energy source in different work exploitations. One of problems concerned with alternative energy source is changes of output voltages and output power dependence of climatic conditions. Possible solution is application of decoupled adjustable speed generation system in renewable energy generation. The decoupled generation system consists of： alternative energy source, internal combustion engine drives permanent magnet generator and DC/AC, or AC/AC converter. Performance of single decoupled generation set is discussed supported by results of laboratory tests. To provide high quality voltage is applied an additional energy storage, made from super capacitor and bidirectional DC/DC convert. Such system performs very stiff voltage in any load condition. Integration of solar battery panels or renewable wind energy system is provided via DC link of the variable speed decoupled autonomous generation system. Results of computer simulation and laboratory experiments are presented in the paper.

Supercapacitors and Battery Energy Management Based on New European Driving Cycle

This paper presents a new strategy of embedded energy management between battery and supercapacitors （SC） for hybrid electric vehicles （HEV） applications. This proposal is due to the present trend in the field, knowing that the major drawback of the HEV is the autonomy problem. Thus, using supercapacitors and battery with a good energy management improves the HEV performances. The main contribution of this paper is focused on DC-bus voltage and currents control strategies based on polynomial controller. These strategies are implemented in PICI8F4431 microcontroller for DC/DC converters control. Due to reasons of cost and available components （no optimized）, such as the battery and power semiconductors （IGBT）, the experimental tests are carried out in reduced scale （2.7 kW）. Through some simulations and experimental results obtained in reduced scale, the authors present an improved energy management strategy for HEV.

Decoupling control and zero dynamics stabilization for shunt hybrid active power filter

An inverse system method based optimal control strategy was proposed for the shunt hybrid active power filter （SHAPF） to enhance its harmonic elimination performance. Based on the inverse system method, the d-axis and q-axis current dynamics of the SHAPF system were decoupled and linearized into two pseudolinear subsystems. Then, an optimal feedback controUer was designed for the pseudolinear system, and the stability condition of the resulting zero dynamics was presented. Under the control strategy, the current dynamics can asymptotically converge to their reference states and the zero dynamics can be bounded. Simulation results show that the proposed control strategy is robust against load variations and system parameter mismatches, its steady-state performance is better than that of the traditional linear control strategy.

Design of Hybrid Compensators for Power Quality Improvement of Oilfield Drilling Electrical System

With large-scale use of kinds of motors, oilfield drilling electrical system always accompanied by serious power quality problem, including reactive current, harmonics current and grid voltage distortion, which would greatly threaten the safety and proper working of the whole system. This paper focuses on a power quality improvement project to solve these problems. A hybrid compensating scheme, including an active compensator and a passive compensator, is carried out. Because of the specificity of oilfield drilling electrical system, compensators are redesigned against features of this application background. And then the current detection point arrangement of this hybrid system is also taken into consideration to build the whole system much more effective and reliable. Now the improvement project is already implemented in application field, and the power quality of the system is greatly improved.

Potentialities of Renewable Energy in Victoria, Australia

In utility power system, electricity demand is being covered largely by fossil fueled power generation, which contributes high level of GHG （greenhouse gas） emission and causes global warming worldwide. In order to reduce GHG emission level, most of the countries in the world targeting towards green energy that is power generation from RE （renewable energy） sources. In this paper, it is considered to study prospects of RE sources in particular, solar and wind in Victoria State which are abundant as compared to other sources of renewable. The wind and solar energy feasibility study and sensitivity analysis has been done for Victoria with the aid of HOMER （hybrid optimization model of electric renewable） simulation software. From the study, it has clearly evicted that wind energy combinational HPS （hybrid power system） has more contribution, and high potential than solar PV （photovoltaic） systems for a particular location. This study also investigates the influences of energy storage in the proposed HPS.

Global Evaluation of Energy in Hybrid M-HTFC/MGT Systems in Cogenerative Arrangement

This work concerns the study of HSs （Hybrid Systems） that are made up of the integration of M-HTFC （Medium and High Temperature Fuel Cell） and MGT （Micro-Gas-Turbine）. Different typologies of hybrid systems are taken into account, which differ from each other in their plant layouts. The plants are considered in cogenerative arrangement. The aim of this study is to carry out an energetic analysis of the HS considered to obtain an analytical expression to depict the system operating in cogenerative arrangement. An energetic comparison among the systems analyzed based on some indexes is effected, which allows an evaluation of the plants performances in cogenerative arrangement. An energetic analysis is carried out, which is based on a ＂black box＂ depiction of the plant in which the components and the mutual interactions are highlighted. The fuel cell component of the plant is not analyzed as a black box, but each element that constitutes it, is elaborated as a subsystem.

Pure Jatropha Oil for Power Generation on Floreana IslandlGalapagos： Four Years Experience on Engine Operation and Fuel Quality

In the small country of Ecuador, all environmental risks of the production and consumption of fossil fuels can be observed by damages through oil exploration in the amazonite rainforest and two tank ship accidents close by Galapagos Islands causing death of 10,000 marine iguanas and other species. Now Ecuador plans to replace all environmentally dangerous diesel generators from all four inhabited Galapagos Islands by a hybrid system using 100% renewable energy for electricity production. Since 2010 a hybrid system of two Jatropha oil generators with an electrical power of 69 kW （kWel） and a photovoltaic plant with an electrical peak power of 21 kW （kWpeak） is successfully providing electricity from renewable energy for inhabitants and tourists of Floreana Island. After more than 15.000 engine operation hours of each engine there is no engine defect. For fuel supply, the so-called ＂Living Fence＂ concept collecting Jatropha seeds by farmers and families from already existing 6,000 km hedges on Ecuadorian mainland was chosen to comply with highest biofuel sustainability standards. The Jatropha oil is produced in a decentralized so-called CompacTropha oil mill container following the ambitious German fuel quality standard DIN51605. Since 2010 Floreana project successfully demonstrates that it is possible to replace diesel gen sets by generators fueled with pure Jatropha oil from decentralized sustainable production.

A hybrid dynamic programming-rule based algorithm for real-time energy optimization of plug-in hybrid electric bus

The optimization of the control strategy of a plug-in hybrid electric bus(PHEB) for the repeatedly driven bus route is a key technique to improve the fuel economy. The widely used rule-based(RB) control strategy is lacking in the global optimization property, while the global optimization algorithms have an unacceptable computation complexity for real-time application. Therefore, a novel hybrid dynamic programming-rule based(DPRB) algorithm is brought forward to solve the global energy optimization problem in a real-time controller of PHEB. Firstly, a control grid is built up for a given typical city bus route, according to the station locations and discrete levels of battery state of charge(SOC). Moreover, the decision variables for the energy optimization at each point of the control grid might be deduced from an off-line dynamic programming(DP) with the historical running information of the driving cycle. Meanwhile, the genetic algorithm(GA) is adopted to replace the quantization process of DP permissible control set to reduce the computation burden. Secondly, with the optimized decision variables as control parameters according to the position and battery SOC of a PHEB, a RB control is used as an implementable controller for the energy management. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed DPRB might distribute electric energy more reasonably throughout the bus route, compared with the optimized RB. The proposed hybrid algorithm might give a practicable solution, which is a tradeoff between the applicability of RB and the global optimization property of DP.

Magnetically levitated/piezoelectric/triboelectric hybrid generator as a power supply for the temperature sensor

The combination of new intelligent materials and structure technology is becoming an effective way in energy havesting and self-powered sensing. In this work, we demonstrate a magnetically levitated/piezoelectric/triboelectric hybrid generator, which does not use complex structure and has high steady output performance. It includes three parts: magnetically levitated generator(MLG), piezoelectric generator(PNG), triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG). The peak power of each is 135 μW, 22 mW and3.6 mW, which are obtained at 1 MΩ, 10 kΩ and 1 kΩ, respectively. The hybrid generator can completely light up light-emitting diodes(LEDs) under the vibration frequency of 20 Hz and the vibration amplitude of 10 mm. It also can charge a 470 μF capacitor.On this basis, we have integrated the hybrid generaor as a power supply into a self-powered tempreature sensing system. The combination of three generators can not only broaden the operating range, but also increase the operating length and sensitivity.This work will extend the application of self-powered sensor in automatic production line and promote the development of industrial control technology.

Optimal Energy Management for a Complex Hybrid Electric Vehicle:Tolerating Power-loss of Motor

The energy management may perform well under normal conditions, but may lead to poor behavior under abnormal situations. To tackle this problem, an optimal control strategy called rule-based equivalent fuel consumption minimization strategy （RECMS） is developed for a new complex hybrid electric vehicle （CHEV）. It optimizes the energy efficiency and drive performance to cater for normal and power-loss operations of the tractive motor. Firstly, the strategy formulates a novel objective function based on the equivalent fuel concept. By accounting for the actual fuel cost, the equivalent fuel cost for the electric machines and virtual fuel cost for the drivability, the cost function is obtained. Furthermore, some penalty factors are presented to optimize the performance target. Finally, experiments for a practical CHEV are performed to validate a simulation model. Then simulations are carried out for both rule-based and RECMS. The results show that the optimal energy management is working well.