甲基紫法测定饲料均匀度影响因素探讨

混合机的性能重要指标——混合均匀度和饲料品质检测一般使用GB 5918中甲基紫法来进行。而其操作过程中的细节众多,容易不被人所注意,如果忽略了这些细节,就可能导致测试失败。本文作者通过多年实践总结出甲基紫法操作过程中的一些影响因素,通过测试的全过程描述,细致地说明检测过程中测试载体的要求,混合机的清理及检查要求,甲基紫的准备方法,投示踪剂及取样注意点,化验及计算方法,生产线上混合工艺要求,以及其它一些消除检测过程中随机误差的注意要点。通过关注检测过程中的影响因素,我们可以用甲基紫法,真实地反映出混合机的性能和饲料品质。

Development of overlay tester for fracture test of asphalt mixture

To determine the fracture characteristics of asphalt mixture a novel fracture test with modified loading modes loading fixtures and the control system of the conventional overlay tester is implemented by the asphalt material performance tester AMPT .In order to evaluate the validity of the proposed fracture test four different loading rates including 1 2 3 and 4 mm/min are examined in the AMPT. The results indicate that the fracture behavior is similar to creep at a low loading rate and does not show significant marginal tail extension at a high loading rate.It clearly shows the phase of crack initiation crack propagation and fracture at a loading rate of 3 mm/min. Besides eight fracture parameters such as fracture energy tensile strength and tensile modulus are applied to evaluate the fracture characteristics of asphalt mixture.Development of the overlay tester for the fracture test of asphalt mixture can be considered as a new fracture test of asphalt mixture.

Performance and mechanism of solid waste coking sulfur paste modified asphalt mixture before and after curing

For the resource utilization of the solid waste coking sulfur paste and the improvement of performance of the asphalt mixture,a method for preparing modified asphalt mixture with coking sulfur paste modifier(CSPM)is herein proposed.Compared with the matrix asphalt mixture,the Marshall stability of the 30%CSPM modified asphalt mixture increased by 38.3%,the dynamic stability increased by nearly one time(reaching 1847.5 times/mm),the splitting strength ratio increased by 39.3%while the splitting tensile strength decreased by 11.7%.After curing,the performance of the CSPM modified asphalt mixture was further improved.The results show that CSPM improved the high temperature stability and water damage resistance of the asphalt mixture,and the low-temperature anti-cracking performance of that was slightly reduced.Chemical analysis of asphalt binders shows that a little sulfur reacted with asphalt to produce polysulfide compounds(R-Sx-R′),and a part of sulfur existed in the form of crystalline sulfur which was further increased after curing.The presence of crystalline sulfur as an inorganic filler is the key point for improving the high temperature stability and water resistance performance of modified asphalt mixture.

A New Type Machine of Mixing-molding for Polyblends

This paper introduces a new type machine for polyblends with excellent mixing capabilities of internal mixer and continuous molding character of extruder.The machine includes two functions - mixing and extrusion molding that have been composed together by rational design,so a tandem production mode - "batch + continuous" are opened up.The mathematical model of continuous mixing molding was established and verified availably by experimental research.The main physical mechanical property of vulcanizate,which had met national waterproof material standard,verified the machine practicability.The essential difference from other similar type machines is that this machine is not only suitable in producing granular and powder rubbers but also lumpish rubbers.

Determination of physical properties for the mixtures of [BMIM]Cl with different organic solvents

Physical properties including refractive index, density, viscosity and conductivity for binary mixtures of l-butyl- 3-methyl imidazolium chloride （[BMIM]CI） and different organic solvents at 298.15 K have been investigated. Ex- cess molar volumes have been calculated and obtained data has been fitted by the Redlich-Kister equation. The density and refractive index were found to increase with increasing concentration of [BMIM]CI, however, excep- tions do exist as in the case of dimethyl sulfoxide （DMSO）/[BMIM]CI. For DMSO/[BMIM]CI, the density decreases with increasing concentration. The addition of different organic solvents was able to disrupt the interactions within mixtures, leading to free mobility of ions. The free mobility of ions has been found to enhance conductivity and decrease viscosity to varying extents in all mixtures studied. It has been observed that solubility parameters, dielectric constants and composition of the solvents used play a vital role in determining the resultant properties. The data obtained will play an important role in understanding the effect of the addition of organic solvents in ILs to enhance their applicability.

Hydration and Mechanical Properties of Portland Cement Blended with Low-CaO Steel Slag

The hydration and mechanical properties of Portland cement blended with low-CaO steel slag were studied and reported. The steel slag was used to replace cement up to 30% and then blended cement powder, paste and mortar samples prepared for the experiment. The quantitative analysis of XRD shows that ettringite formation is greatly reduced by incorporation of steel slag but there was a relatively low reduction of portlandite. Thermal analysis by TG shows that slag injection reduced portlandite content in the cement by at least 50%. Generally, the slag cement pastes required less water to form a workable paste compared to the reference cement, reducing as the slag content was increased. However, the setting times were higher than the reference. The permeability of the blended cement samples were lower than the control. The incorporation of 5% slag could not have an effect on the compressive strength of the concrete. The results confirmed that whilst cements with up to 15% slag content satisfied the strength requirements of class 42.5 N and those containing 20%-30% produce Class 32.5R cement.

Edible Films of Blended Cassava Starch and Rice Flour with Sorbital and Their Mechanical Properties

In this study, the mechanical properties （tensile strength, elongation at break and folding resistance） of edible biopolymer film blends formed from blended cassava starch and rice flour at different compositions with sorbital used as a plasticizer. A suitable ratio of cassava starch and rice flour to water at 10% w/v was used to form a film solution. The addition of a plasticizer agent up to 30% w/w of blending compositions improved the mechanical properties of the generated films. The mechanical properties of the edible blended films with 30% plasticizer were strongly dependent on the blending compositions. Our results pointed out that the cassava starch and rice flour films at a ratio of 70：30 with sorbitol 30% （w/w） had the highest tensile strength which related to folding endurance of the films.

A hybrid storage technology for low power consumption and high I/O performance in an IPTV set-top box

A new method of prefetching data blocks from the NVCache to the page cache in main memory and cascading prefetching n-blocks from a hard disk to the NVCache together was proposed to reduce the spin-up frequency of a hybrid hard disk drive and thus enhance I/O performance.The proposed method consists of three steps:1) Analyzing the pattern of read requests in block units;2) Determining the number of blocks prefetched to the NVCache;3) Replacing blocks in the NVCache according to the block replacement policy.The proposed method can reduce the latency time of a hybrid hard disk and optimize the power consumption of an IPTV set-top box.Experimental results show that the proposed method provides better average response time compared to an existing adaptive multistream prefetching(AMP) method by 25.17%.It also reduces by 20.83% the average power consumption over that of the existing external caching in energy saving storage system(EXCES) method.

Linear Generator Used in Hybrid System Solar Biomass

The aim of this paper is to present the linear generator （Stirling solar dish） in the context of a HSSB （hybrid system solar biomass）, project P ＆ D （research and development P ＆ D 0041, in cooperation and partnership with CPFL--LIght and Force Paulista Company-Campinas, Piratininga, S.P. Brazil）. The other components of the system will be the solar ORC （organic Rankine cycle）, the rotary Stifling and the biomass gasifier. The integration of the complete system will be described in the paper, and is projected to be hydraulic one.

Performance Evaluation of Spark Ignited Engine Fueled with Gasoline-Ethanol-Methanol Blends

In this paper, experimental investigations are presented to assess the performance variations in a single cylinder spark ignited engine when run with three different gasoline-alcohol blends： （88% gasoline-12% methanol, 88% gasoline-12% ethanol and 88% gasoline-6% methanol-6% ethanol）. Additional tests are carried out with the basic gasoline fuel for comparison analysis and performance assessment. Engine performance is investigated under a variety of engine operating conditions. The results are presented in the domain of engine speed. In particular, the brake power of the engine is shown to be slightly increased. The brake thermal efficiency showed an increase compared with the basic gasoline engine. Similarly, it is shown that brake specific fuel consumption is enhanced compared with basic gasoline engine. The exhaust gas temperature showed a decrease compared with gasoline fuel which is preferable to reduce emissions. The alcohol additives are strongly recommended to enhance performance, increasing the mileage and reducing the emissions.

Influence of Mineral Admixtures on Essential Properties of Ternary Cement Blends

Two CaCO3-based materials （limestone and clamshells） and steel slag were used as mineral admixtures in cement to produce ternary blends and their influences on hydration and portlandite formation were analyzed. Additionally, mechanical properties were determined. These properties were determined using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopic/energy dispersive X-ray analytical techniques as well as applying methods specified by EN （European Standards） and ASTM （American Standards for Testing and Materials）. The portlandite （Ca（OH）E） content was considerably reduced from 36.9% of reference cement to between 13.79% and 15.5%. With the water demand and setting times of the cements containing up to 10%, admixtures did not change significantly. The mechanical tests results showed that ternary blends produced 2-day strengths higher than that specified by EN 197-1 and that blends containing up to 20% admixtures can be used to produce both Class 32.5N and 42.5N cements.

High mixing effectiveness lobed nozzles and mixing mechanisms

For a circular lobed nozzle with the exit plane displaced from the center body,adding a central plug at exit or replacing the nozzle with an alternating-lobe nozzle can improve the mixing effectiveness.In this study,numerical investigations of jet mixing in the lobed nozzles with a central plug and alternating-lobe nozzles in pumping operation were conducted.The effects of the central plugs with the wake ranging from attached to separated flow on the mixing were analyzed,along with the mechanism of improving the mixing performance in a"sword"alternating-lobe nozzle.The simulation results reveal that the large-scale mixing rate,which is dominated by streamwise vortices,is related to the intensity of the attainable heat and mass transfer in the streamwise vortices.The effects of the streamwise vortices on the normal vortex ring are virtually a manifestation of the heat and mass transfer/mixing process of the streamwise vortices.The simulation results also show that the central plug with the attached rear-flow performs better in improving the mixing effectiveness and pumping performance;on the contrary,if the rear-flow is separated,more pressure loss will be induced.In particular,a completely separated flow over the rear of the central plug will severely degrade the attainable heat and mass transfer in the streamwise vortices.For the sword alternating-lobe nozzle,wider sword deep troughs help to increase the flux of the secondary stream around the core region and delay the confluence of the primary stream in the region between the deep and shallow troughs.Thus,the mixing is improved in the middle and posterior segments.Compared to the lobed nozzle with a central plug,the improved sword alternating-lobe nozzle can achieve a higher mixing effectiveness with much less pressure loss,which is preferred in situations when the power loss of the engine is restricted.

Numerical and experimental investigation on the effects of aft mixing chamber diaphragm in hybrid rocket motor

This paper focuses on the investigation of an aft mixing chamber diaphragm in a hybrid rocket motor. Both numerical and ex- perimental researches are carried out to study its effects on the motor performances. The hybrid rocket motor with star fuel grain is utilized. The 90% hydrogen peroxide （HP） oxidizer and hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene （HTPB） based fuel are adopted as propellants. The diaphragm configuration settled in the aft mixing chamber includes four circular-holes with a uni- form circumferential distribution. For both motors with and without the diaphragm, three-dimensional numerical simulations with gaseous combustions considered are carried out to study the flow field characteristics and motor performances. The com- parison results show that the diaphragm can improve the mixing of the oxidizer and fuel. It has evident effect on increasing the motor efflciencies. Two firing experiments are conducted with full scale motors to investigate the effects of the diaphragm. The diaphragm used in the test is composed of a central steel framework and a closed thermal insulation layer. With the dia- phragm employed, the combustion efficiency increases from 93.9% to 97.34% and the specific impulse efficiency increases from 80.77% to 87.28%, which verifies the positive effect of the diaphragm. Both numerical and experimental studies indicate that the scheme of the aft mixing chamber diaphragm proposed in the paper can improve the efficiencies of the hybrid rocket motor obviously.

Flexible piezoelectric nanogenerators based on a fiber/ZnO nanowires/paper hybrid structure for energy harvesting

We present a novel, low-cost approach to fabricate flexible piezoelectric nano- generators （NGs） consisting of ZnO nanowires （NWs） on carbon fibers and foldable Au-coated ZnO NWs on paper. By using such designed structure of the NGs, the radial ZnO NWs on a cylindrical fiber can be utilized fully and the electrical output of the NG is improved. The electrical output behavior of the NGs can be optionally controlled by increasing the fiber number, adjusting the strain rate and connection modes. For the single-fiber based NGs, the output voltage is 17 mV and the current density is about 0.09 μA·cm^-2, and the electrical output is enhanced greatly compared to that of previous similar micro-fiber based NGs. Compared with the single-fiber based NGs, the output current of the multi-fiber based NGs made of 200 carbon fibers increased 100-fold. An output voltage of 18 mV and current of 35 nA are generated from the multi-fiber based NGs. The electrical energy generated by the NGs is enough to power a practical device. The developed novel NGs can be used for smart textile structures, wearable and self-powered nanodevices.

Development of performance and combustion system of Atkinson cycle internal combustion engine

The application of hybrid vehicle is a practical technical solution to the energy shortage and the environmental pollution.The internal combustion engine(ICE)plays a key role in the development of the hybrid vehicle.Based on the requirements of the hybrid vehicle and the characteristic of Atkinson cycle,a set of designing methods for the Atkinson cycle gasoline engine is presented through the analysis of the optimized matching for the compression ratio,valve timing and the combustion chamber.The designing method has been verified by the bench test and the results show that the fuel consumption can be improved by12%–15%with the reduction of the low speed torque by 10%,and the low fuel consumption region in the fuel map extends significantly with the rated power almost keeping constant.It may be of great reference for the development of hybrid vehicle technology in China.

Controllable synthesis of well-ordered TiO_2 nanotubes in a mixed organic electrolyte for high-efficiency photocatalysis

Well-ordered TiO 2 nanotube arrays (TNAs) were fabricated by electrochemical anodization in a mixed organic electrolyte consisting of ethylene glycol and glycerol. The morphology, structure, crystalline phase, and photocatalytic properties of TNAs were characterized by using TEM, SEM, XRD and photodegradation of methylene blue. It was found that the morphology and structure of TNAs could be significantly influenced by the anodization time and applied voltage. The obtained tube length was found to be proportional to anodization time, and the calculated growth rate of nanotubes was 0.6 m/h. The microstructure analysis demonstrated that the diameter and thickness of the nanotubes increased with the increase of anodization voltage. The growth mechanism of TNAs was also proposed according to the observed relationship between current density and time during anodization. As expected, the obtained TNAs showed a higher photocatalytic activity than the commercial TiO 2 P25 nanoparticles.