The global trend towards carbon reduction,energy conservation,and sustainable use of resources has led to an increased focus on the use of waste sludge in construction.We used waste sludge from a reservoir to produce ...The global trend towards carbon reduction,energy conservation,and sustainable use of resources has led to an increased focus on the use of waste sludge in construction.We used waste sludge from a reservoir to produce high-strength sintered lightweight aggregate,and then used the densified mixture design algorithm to create high-performance concrete from the sintered aggregate with only small amounts of mixing water and cement.Ultrasonic,electrical resistance and concrete strength efficiency tests were perfo...展开更多
The catalytic effects of single and mixed catalysts, i.e. single 3%Ca and 5%Na-BL（black liquor） catalysts and mixed 3%Ca＋5%Na-BL catalyst, on carbon conversion, gasification reaction rate constant and activation en...The catalytic effects of single and mixed catalysts, i.e. single 3%Ca and 5%Na-BL（black liquor） catalysts and mixed 3%Ca＋5%Na-BL catalyst, on carbon conversion, gasification reaction rate constant and activation energy, relative amount of harmful pollutant like sulphur containing gases have been investigated by thermogravimetry in steam gasification under temperature 750℃ to 950℃ at ambient pressure for three high-metarnorphous anthracites （Longyan, Fenghai and Youxia coals in Fujian Province）. The mixed catalyst of 3%Ca＋5%Na-BL increases greatly the carbon conversion and gasification rate constant by accelerating the gasification reaction C＋H2O→CO＋H2 due to presence of alkali surfacecompounds [COM], [CO2M] and exchanged calcium phenolate and calcium carboxylate （-COO）2. By adding CaCO3 into BL catalyst in gasification, in addition to improving the catalyst function and enhancing the carbon conversion, the effective desulphurization is also achieved, but the better operating temperature should be below 900℃. The homogenous and shrinking core models can be successfully employed to correlate the relations between the conversion and the gasification .time .and to estimate the reaction rate constant, The reaction acUvaUon energy and pre-exponential factor are estimated and the activation energy for mixed catalyst is in a range of 98.72-166.92 kJ·mol^-1, much less than 177.50-196.46 kJ·mol^-1 for non-catalytic steam gasification for three experimental coals.展开更多
Based on the analysis of the principles of heat and mass transfer from the liquid bulk to bubble surface during nucleation, a new estimation method to predict the heat transfer of the nucleate pool boiling in binary m...Based on the analysis of the principles of heat and mass transfer from the liquid bulk to bubble surface during nucleation, a new estimation method to predict the heat transfer of the nucleate pool boiling in binary mixtures is proposed in this paper by using the heat and mass transfer analogy (Colburn analogy) at the bubble surface transfer layers. With the use of Thome's concept of boiling range, an approximate method is derived to realize the calculation. The predicted results by this method are in good agreement with the experimental data from different sources.展开更多
We analyzed the ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr ratios of basaltic rocks and basin water in Xuyi,China,and found a big difference,which may challenge conventional wisdom on the contribution of basalt weathering in end-member analysis...We analyzed the ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr ratios of basaltic rocks and basin water in Xuyi,China,and found a big difference,which may challenge conventional wisdom on the contribution of basalt weathering in end-member analysis.Results of an in-house weathering experiment suggest that rainwater and dust are not responsible for the difference.By isolating the major minerals in basalt,we found that plagioclase has much higher ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr ratios than bulk basalt and basin water,which might explain the difference in ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr ratios of basalt and basin water.We inferthatlow-temperaturehydrothermalalteration increased the ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr ratios of plagioclase.Future analyses of end-member contribution in a mixed-rock basin should take into account that basin water and plagioclase have higher ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr ratios than basaltic rocks.展开更多
A major component rice variety of Xiangwanxian 9 (a late Indica variety) with 13.1%, 15.6% and 18. 3% of the moisture was respectively mixed with three ad-ditive varieties in 13% of moisture at ration of 7:3 for proce...A major component rice variety of Xiangwanxian 9 (a late Indica variety) with 13.1%, 15.6% and 18. 3% of the moisture was respectively mixed with three ad-ditive varieties in 13% of moisture at ration of 7:3 for processing assorted rices. Head rice recovery of the treatments was determined 24 hours later. Analysis indicated sig-nificant differences exist in the effects produced by the component varieties, their moistures and the component variety moisture.展开更多
Soil-rock mixtures(S-RMs) are widely distributed in the nature. The mesoscopic deformation and failure mechanisms as well as the macro-mechanical behaviors of the S-RMs depend largely upon the rate of deformation, wat...Soil-rock mixtures(S-RMs) are widely distributed in the nature. The mesoscopic deformation and failure mechanisms as well as the macro-mechanical behaviors of the S-RMs depend largely upon the rate of deformation, water content and particle sizes. In this research, a series of large-scale direct shear tests with different water contents and different grain-size distributions were conducted to study the influence of the aforementioned factors on the mechanical properties of the S-RMs. Due to the effect of the rock blocks' breakage in the S-RMs, the relationship between the shear strength and the vertical stress of S-RM follows a power law instead of a linear one. It is found that there exists a threshold value for the vertical stress during the shearing process,below which the soil strength is mainly determined by the inter-locking of particles and the re-arrangement of meso-structure,and otherwise large-sized rock blocks are gradually broken into smaller fragments, resulting in a decrease in the soil strength.The shear rate can also significantly influence the degree of particle breakage and the meso-structural rearrangement of the SRMs, namely, under low shear rate, the particles of the samples are fully broken resulting in enhanced macro-strength. As a result, the lower the shear rate, the higher the macroscopic strength. So under unsaturated conditions, the water content will affect the strength of the S-RMs by reducing the strength of rock blocks. As the water content increases, the soil strength decreases gradually, and assumes a moderate value when the water content reaches 8%. At the same water content, the soil strength increases with the sizes of large rock blocks. For the occlusion, breakage and structure re-arrangement of the oversized rock blocks inside S-RM, which have a huge influence on the mechanical characteristics of the samples.展开更多
文摘The global trend towards carbon reduction,energy conservation,and sustainable use of resources has led to an increased focus on the use of waste sludge in construction.We used waste sludge from a reservoir to produce high-strength sintered lightweight aggregate,and then used the densified mixture design algorithm to create high-performance concrete from the sintered aggregate with only small amounts of mixing water and cement.Ultrasonic,electrical resistance and concrete strength efficiency tests were perfo...
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （20376014） and Fujian Science and Technology Council Grant （HG99-01 ）.
文摘The catalytic effects of single and mixed catalysts, i.e. single 3%Ca and 5%Na-BL（black liquor） catalysts and mixed 3%Ca＋5%Na-BL catalyst, on carbon conversion, gasification reaction rate constant and activation energy, relative amount of harmful pollutant like sulphur containing gases have been investigated by thermogravimetry in steam gasification under temperature 750℃ to 950℃ at ambient pressure for three high-metarnorphous anthracites （Longyan, Fenghai and Youxia coals in Fujian Province）. The mixed catalyst of 3%Ca＋5%Na-BL increases greatly the carbon conversion and gasification rate constant by accelerating the gasification reaction C＋H2O→CO＋H2 due to presence of alkali surfacecompounds [COM], [CO2M] and exchanged calcium phenolate and calcium carboxylate （-COO）2. By adding CaCO3 into BL catalyst in gasification, in addition to improving the catalyst function and enhancing the carbon conversion, the effective desulphurization is also achieved, but the better operating temperature should be below 900℃. The homogenous and shrinking core models can be successfully employed to correlate the relations between the conversion and the gasification .time .and to estimate the reaction rate constant, The reaction acUvaUon energy and pre-exponential factor are estimated and the activation energy for mixed catalyst is in a range of 98.72-166.92 kJ·mol^-1, much less than 177.50-196.46 kJ·mol^-1 for non-catalytic steam gasification for three experimental coals.
文摘Based on the analysis of the principles of heat and mass transfer from the liquid bulk to bubble surface during nucleation, a new estimation method to predict the heat transfer of the nucleate pool boiling in binary mixtures is proposed in this paper by using the heat and mass transfer analogy (Colburn analogy) at the bubble surface transfer layers. With the use of Thome's concept of boiling range, an approximate method is derived to realize the calculation. The predicted results by this method are in good agreement with the experimental data from different sources.
基金Support for this work comes from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41422205)
文摘We analyzed the ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr ratios of basaltic rocks and basin water in Xuyi,China,and found a big difference,which may challenge conventional wisdom on the contribution of basalt weathering in end-member analysis.Results of an in-house weathering experiment suggest that rainwater and dust are not responsible for the difference.By isolating the major minerals in basalt,we found that plagioclase has much higher ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr ratios than bulk basalt and basin water,which might explain the difference in ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr ratios of basalt and basin water.We inferthatlow-temperaturehydrothermalalteration increased the ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr ratios of plagioclase.Future analyses of end-member contribution in a mixed-rock basin should take into account that basin water and plagioclase have higher ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr ratios than basaltic rocks.
文摘A major component rice variety of Xiangwanxian 9 (a late Indica variety) with 13.1%, 15.6% and 18. 3% of the moisture was respectively mixed with three ad-ditive varieties in 13% of moisture at ration of 7:3 for processing assorted rices. Head rice recovery of the treatments was determined 24 hours later. Analysis indicated sig-nificant differences exist in the effects produced by the component varieties, their moistures and the component variety moisture.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51479095,41372316,and 41572295)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2015272)
文摘Soil-rock mixtures(S-RMs) are widely distributed in the nature. The mesoscopic deformation and failure mechanisms as well as the macro-mechanical behaviors of the S-RMs depend largely upon the rate of deformation, water content and particle sizes. In this research, a series of large-scale direct shear tests with different water contents and different grain-size distributions were conducted to study the influence of the aforementioned factors on the mechanical properties of the S-RMs. Due to the effect of the rock blocks' breakage in the S-RMs, the relationship between the shear strength and the vertical stress of S-RM follows a power law instead of a linear one. It is found that there exists a threshold value for the vertical stress during the shearing process,below which the soil strength is mainly determined by the inter-locking of particles and the re-arrangement of meso-structure,and otherwise large-sized rock blocks are gradually broken into smaller fragments, resulting in a decrease in the soil strength.The shear rate can also significantly influence the degree of particle breakage and the meso-structural rearrangement of the SRMs, namely, under low shear rate, the particles of the samples are fully broken resulting in enhanced macro-strength. As a result, the lower the shear rate, the higher the macroscopic strength. So under unsaturated conditions, the water content will affect the strength of the S-RMs by reducing the strength of rock blocks. As the water content increases, the soil strength decreases gradually, and assumes a moderate value when the water content reaches 8%. At the same water content, the soil strength increases with the sizes of large rock blocks. For the occlusion, breakage and structure re-arrangement of the oversized rock blocks inside S-RM, which have a huge influence on the mechanical characteristics of the samples.
