As the structure of electrical double layer(EDL)is crucial for the transport properties of ions in micro/nanochannels,to demonstrate the effects of the ion-ion correlations on EDL structures in mixture electrolyte sol...As the structure of electrical double layer(EDL)is crucial for the transport properties of ions in micro/nanochannels,to demonstrate the effects of the ion-ion correlations on EDL structures in mixture electrolyte solutions,the interaction forces between two mica surfaces immersed in different volume fractions of LaCl3/KCl and LaCl3/MgCl2 mixture solutions with a total ionic strength of 10^-4 mol/L were measured using a surface forces apparatus(SFA).The results reveal that the surface charge of mica surfaces can be inversed at a critical concentration of La^3+ions in electrolyte solutions,due to the correlations between La^3+ions.The addition of monovalent has negligible effects on ion-ion correlations,while the charge inversion was slightly suppressed by introducing the divalent ions.The mechanism of charge inversion in mixture electrolyte solutions was analyzed based on the strongly correlated liquid(SCL)theory.These findings provide implications for understanding the effects of ion-ion correlations on EDL structures,surface charge properties,and ion transportation.展开更多
Chaotic sequences are basically ergodic random sequences. By improving correlativity of a chaotic signal, the chaotic dynamic system can be controlled to converge to its equilibrium point and, more significantly, to i...Chaotic sequences are basically ergodic random sequences. By improving correlativity of a chaotic signal, the chaotic dynamic system can be controlled to converge to its equilibrium point and, more significantly, to its multi-periodic orbits. Mathematical theory analysis is carried out and some computer simulation results are provided to support such controllability of the chaotic Henon system and the discrete coupled map lattice.展开更多
Recent genomic studies have highlighted the importance of hybridization and gene exchange in evolution. We ask what factors cause variation in the impact of hybridization, through adaptation in hybrids and the likelih...Recent genomic studies have highlighted the importance of hybridization and gene exchange in evolution. We ask what factors cause variation in the impact of hybridization, through adaptation in hybrids and the likelihood of hybrid speciation. During speciation, traits that diverge due to both divergent and stabilizing selection can contribute to the buildup of reproductive isolation. Divergent directional selection in parent taxa should lead to intermediate phenotypes in hybrids, whereas stabilizing se- lection can also produce extreme, transgressive phenotypes when hybridization occurs. By examining existing theory and em- pirical data, we discuss how these effects, combined with differences between modes of divergence in the chromosomal distribu- tion of incompatibilities, affect adaptation and speciation in hybrid populations. The result is a clear and testable set of predic- tions that can be used to examine hybrid adaptation and speciation. Stabilizing selection in parents increases transgression in hy- brids, increasing the possibility for novel adaptation. Divergent directional selection causes intermediate hybrid phenotypes and increases their ability to evolve along the direction of parental differentiation. Stabilizing selection biases incompatibilities to- wards autosomes, leading to reduced sexual correlations in trait values and reduced pleiotropy in hybrids, and hence increased freedom in the direction of evolution. Directional selection causes a bias towards sex-linked incompatibilities, with the opposite consequences. Divergence by directional selection leads to greater dominance effects than stabilizing selection, with major but variable impacts on hybrid evolution [Current Zoology 59 （5）： 675-685, 2013].展开更多
Quantum correlations in a family of states comprising any mixture of a pair of arbitrary bi-qubit product pure states are studied by employing geometric discord [Phys. Rev. Lett. 105(2010) 190502] as the quantifier. F...Quantum correlations in a family of states comprising any mixture of a pair of arbitrary bi-qubit product pure states are studied by employing geometric discord [Phys. Rev. Lett. 105(2010) 190502] as the quantifier. First, the inherent symmetry in the family of states about local unitary transformations is revealed. Then, the analytic expression of geometric discords in the states is worked out. Some concrete discussions and analyses on the captured geometric discords are made so that their distinct features are exposed. It is found that, the more averagely the two bi-qubit product states are mixed, the bigger geometric discord the mixed state owns. Moreover, the monotonic relationships of geometric discord with different parameters are revealed.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51605090)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20160776,BK20160670)Research Foundation of Nanjing Institute of Technology(No.YKJ201502)。
文摘As the structure of electrical double layer(EDL)is crucial for the transport properties of ions in micro/nanochannels,to demonstrate the effects of the ion-ion correlations on EDL structures in mixture electrolyte solutions,the interaction forces between two mica surfaces immersed in different volume fractions of LaCl3/KCl and LaCl3/MgCl2 mixture solutions with a total ionic strength of 10^-4 mol/L were measured using a surface forces apparatus(SFA).The results reveal that the surface charge of mica surfaces can be inversed at a critical concentration of La^3+ions in electrolyte solutions,due to the correlations between La^3+ions.The addition of monovalent has negligible effects on ion-ion correlations,while the charge inversion was slightly suppressed by introducing the divalent ions.The mechanism of charge inversion in mixture electrolyte solutions was analyzed based on the strongly correlated liquid(SCL)theory.These findings provide implications for understanding the effects of ion-ion correlations on EDL structures,surface charge properties,and ion transportation.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.60172065)
文摘Chaotic sequences are basically ergodic random sequences. By improving correlativity of a chaotic signal, the chaotic dynamic system can be controlled to converge to its equilibrium point and, more significantly, to its multi-periodic orbits. Mathematical theory analysis is carried out and some computer simulation results are provided to support such controllability of the chaotic Henon system and the discrete coupled map lattice.
文摘Recent genomic studies have highlighted the importance of hybridization and gene exchange in evolution. We ask what factors cause variation in the impact of hybridization, through adaptation in hybrids and the likelihood of hybrid speciation. During speciation, traits that diverge due to both divergent and stabilizing selection can contribute to the buildup of reproductive isolation. Divergent directional selection in parent taxa should lead to intermediate phenotypes in hybrids, whereas stabilizing se- lection can also produce extreme, transgressive phenotypes when hybridization occurs. By examining existing theory and em- pirical data, we discuss how these effects, combined with differences between modes of divergence in the chromosomal distribu- tion of incompatibilities, affect adaptation and speciation in hybrid populations. The result is a clear and testable set of predic- tions that can be used to examine hybrid adaptation and speciation. Stabilizing selection in parents increases transgression in hy- brids, increasing the possibility for novel adaptation. Divergent directional selection causes intermediate hybrid phenotypes and increases their ability to evolve along the direction of parental differentiation. Stabilizing selection biases incompatibilities to- wards autosomes, leading to reduced sexual correlations in trait values and reduced pleiotropy in hybrids, and hence increased freedom in the direction of evolution. Directional selection causes a bias towards sex-linked incompatibilities, with the opposite consequences. Divergence by directional selection leads to greater dominance effects than stabilizing selection, with major but variable impacts on hybrid evolution [Current Zoology 59 （5）： 675-685, 2013].
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NNSFC)under Grant Nos.11375011 and 11372122the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province under Grant No.1408085MA12the 211 Project of Anhui University
文摘Quantum correlations in a family of states comprising any mixture of a pair of arbitrary bi-qubit product pure states are studied by employing geometric discord [Phys. Rev. Lett. 105(2010) 190502] as the quantifier. First, the inherent symmetry in the family of states about local unitary transformations is revealed. Then, the analytic expression of geometric discords in the states is worked out. Some concrete discussions and analyses on the captured geometric discords are made so that their distinct features are exposed. It is found that, the more averagely the two bi-qubit product states are mixed, the bigger geometric discord the mixed state owns. Moreover, the monotonic relationships of geometric discord with different parameters are revealed.
