In order to model effectively hybrid systems,a new modeling method of extended Petri nets,which is called extended object-orient hybrid Petri net （EOHPN）,is proposed.To deal with the complexity of hybrid systems, ob...In order to model effectively hybrid systems,a new modeling method of extended Petri nets,which is called extended object-orient hybrid Petri net （EOHPN）,is proposed.To deal with the complexity of hybrid systems, object-oriented abstraction mechanisms such as encapsulation and classifications are merged into EOHPN models.To combine the continuous part and discrete part of hybrid systems and to reduce the complexity of hybrid systems,a hybrid Petri net is introduced and extended with object-oriented modeling technology.Development of object models is suggested on the basis of the defined EOHPN.Finally, an application-oriented case is presented to illustrate that how the proposed EOHPN is used to model hybrid systems.The resulting model validates that the EOHPNs can deal with the modeling complexity of hybrid systems.展开更多
The ice water content(IWC) distribution in a mixed-phase cloud system was investigated using Cloud-Sat data,aircraft measurements,and the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) model.Simulated precipitation and IWC wer...The ice water content(IWC) distribution in a mixed-phase cloud system was investigated using Cloud-Sat data,aircraft measurements,and the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) model.Simulated precipitation and IWC were in general agreement with rain gauge,sat-ellite,and aircraft observations.The cloud case was char-acterized by a predominant cold layer and high IWC throughout the cloud-development and precipitation stages.The CloudSat-retrieved products suggested that the IWC was distributed from 4.0 to 8.0 km,with the maximum values(up to 0.5 g m-3) at 5.0-6.0 km at the earlymature stage of cloud development.High IWC(up to 0.8 g m-3) was also detected by airborne probes at 4.2 and 3.6 km at the late-mature stage.The WRF model simulation re-vealed that the predominant riming facilitated rapid ac-cumulation of high IWC at 3.0-6.0 km.展开更多
This paper presents the investigation of energy and cost saving of microgeneration systems which consist of conventional, load sharing, renewable energy and hybrid-renewable energy systems application featuring single...This paper presents the investigation of energy and cost saving of microgeneration systems which consist of conventional, load sharing, renewable energy and hybrid-renewable energy systems application featuring single detached house and office buildings by implementing spreadsheet modeling. Microsoft excel is employed as the spreadsheet application in this study. The system performance of each case is calculated under typical weather of ottawa, canada. These cases are calculated and analyzed in terms of thermal/cooling load （building demand） and natural gas/electricity consumption （energy supply） as well as the financial part by involving several parameters which are initial cost, annual energy consumption cost, annual operational and maintenance cost, inflation rate, and return on investment. Moreover, a house and an office have the same geometry of 200 mE. Total of seven cases modeling are developed; Case-1- a house with boiler and chiller, Case-2- an office with boiler and chiller, Case-3-a simple sum of Case l and Case 2, Case-4- a load-sharing model, Case-5- a load-sharing with GSHP （ground source heat pump）, Case-6- a load-sharing with ground source heat pump-fuel cell hybrid system （FC-GSHP）and Case-7- a load-sharing with GSHP--photovoltaic hybrid system （PVT-GSHP）. As the results, it will be observed the efficiency of the load-sharing, renewable energy, hybrid-renewable energy implementation comparing to the conventional system.展开更多
基金The National Key Laboratory Program ( No.51458060104JW0316)the National High Technology Research and De-velopment Program of China (863 Program) (No.2003AA414120).
文摘In order to model effectively hybrid systems,a new modeling method of extended Petri nets,which is called extended object-orient hybrid Petri net （EOHPN）,is proposed.To deal with the complexity of hybrid systems, object-oriented abstraction mechanisms such as encapsulation and classifications are merged into EOHPN models.To combine the continuous part and discrete part of hybrid systems and to reduce the complexity of hybrid systems,a hybrid Petri net is introduced and extended with object-oriented modeling technology.Development of object models is suggested on the basis of the defined EOHPN.Finally, an application-oriented case is presented to illustrate that how the proposed EOHPN is used to model hybrid systems.The resulting model validates that the EOHPNs can deal with the modeling complexity of hybrid systems.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program,Grant No.2013CB430105)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.KZCX2-EW-203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.41105095)
文摘The ice water content(IWC) distribution in a mixed-phase cloud system was investigated using Cloud-Sat data,aircraft measurements,and the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) model.Simulated precipitation and IWC were in general agreement with rain gauge,sat-ellite,and aircraft observations.The cloud case was char-acterized by a predominant cold layer and high IWC throughout the cloud-development and precipitation stages.The CloudSat-retrieved products suggested that the IWC was distributed from 4.0 to 8.0 km,with the maximum values(up to 0.5 g m-3) at 5.0-6.0 km at the earlymature stage of cloud development.High IWC(up to 0.8 g m-3) was also detected by airborne probes at 4.2 and 3.6 km at the late-mature stage.The WRF model simulation re-vealed that the predominant riming facilitated rapid ac-cumulation of high IWC at 3.0-6.0 km.
文摘This paper presents the investigation of energy and cost saving of microgeneration systems which consist of conventional, load sharing, renewable energy and hybrid-renewable energy systems application featuring single detached house and office buildings by implementing spreadsheet modeling. Microsoft excel is employed as the spreadsheet application in this study. The system performance of each case is calculated under typical weather of ottawa, canada. These cases are calculated and analyzed in terms of thermal/cooling load （building demand） and natural gas/electricity consumption （energy supply） as well as the financial part by involving several parameters which are initial cost, annual energy consumption cost, annual operational and maintenance cost, inflation rate, and return on investment. Moreover, a house and an office have the same geometry of 200 mE. Total of seven cases modeling are developed; Case-1- a house with boiler and chiller, Case-2- an office with boiler and chiller, Case-3-a simple sum of Case l and Case 2, Case-4- a load-sharing model, Case-5- a load-sharing with GSHP （ground source heat pump）, Case-6- a load-sharing with ground source heat pump-fuel cell hybrid system （FC-GSHP）and Case-7- a load-sharing with GSHP--photovoltaic hybrid system （PVT-GSHP）. As the results, it will be observed the efficiency of the load-sharing, renewable energy, hybrid-renewable energy implementation comparing to the conventional system.
