混相溶剂法降低CO_2驱混相压力研究

利用自主研制的高温高压界面张力测试仪,对混相溶剂法进行了大量的实验研究,优选最佳混相溶剂,然后进行了混相溶剂段塞对驱油效果影响实验,优选最佳注入尺寸,为现场实践提供依据。研究结果表明:混相溶剂法可以降低CO2驱油混相压力。综合考虑经济成本和混相溶剂来源等因素,优选轻质油C为降低目标油藏CO2驱混相压力的最佳混相溶剂,最佳的溶剂段塞尺寸为6%,驱油效率为85.19%,比单纯注CO2驱油提高了32.81个百分点。说明利用混相溶剂法降低CO2驱最小混相压力方法是合理可行的。

混相溶剂法降低CO_2驱最小混相压力研究

CO_2驱是目前国内外提高原油采收率和实现温室气体埋存的一项重要技术,开展CO_2混相驱方面的研究具有十分重要的意义。但在低渗透油藏中,受到最小混相压力值的限制,CO_2驱较难实现混相驱。本文提出了一种通过混相溶剂法实现降低CO_2最小混相压力的方法,通过细管实验法,研究了其降低最小混相压力的效果;通过室内驱油实验,研究了其提高CO_2驱油采收率的效果。实验结果表明,注入段塞尺寸为0.3%HCPV的柠檬酸异丁酯后,测得的最小混相压力值降低了2.3 MPa;当注入段塞尺寸为0.3%HCPV时,混相驱阶段采收率最大,为17.22%,较单纯注入CO_2驱油方案提高了7.97个百分点。以上实验结果均表明,利用该混相溶剂法降低CO_2驱最小混相压力具有一定可行性。

借助水平井混相水气交替注入法提高原油采收率

阿尔派恩油田位于阿拉斯加北坡上，在普鲁德霍湾油田以西48km处。该油田目前全部采用水平井开发，用混相水气交替注入方法驱油，与原来的开发方案相比，采用目前的新开发方案，预计增加可采储量1034万m^3，提高采收率6．5％。

超细颗粒材料的制备(一)

综述了最近几年超细（纳米级）颗粒的制备进展，包括液相法、气相法、固相法和混相法，并介绍了一些纳米颗粒材料产业化情况。

A ROBUST PHASE-ONLY DIRECT DATA DOMAIN ALGORITHM BASED ON GENERALIZED RAYLEIGH QUOTIENT OPTIMIZATION USING HYBRID GENETIC ALGORITHM

A robust phase-only Direct Data Domain Least Squares (D3LS) algorithm based on gen- eralized Rayleigh quotient optimization using hybrid Genetic Algorithm (GA) is presented in this letter. The optimization efficiency and computational speed are improved via the hybrid GA com- posed of standard GA and Nelder-Mead simplex algorithms. First, the objective function, with a form of generalized Rayleigh quotient, is derived via the standard D3LS algorithm. It is then taken as a fitness function and the unknown phases of all adaptive weights are taken as decision variables. Then, the nonlinear optimization is performed via the hybrid GA to obtain the optimized solution of phase-only adaptive weights. As a phase-only adaptive algorithm, the proposed algorithm is sim- pler than conventional algorithms when it comes to hardware implementation. Moreover, it proc- esses only a single snapshot data as opposed to forming sample covariance matrix and operating matrix inversion. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has a good signal recovery and interferences nulling performance, which are superior to that of the phase-only D3LS algorithm based on standard GA.

Separation of arenols from a high-temperature coal tar

A high-temperature coal tar collected from Xuzhou Coking Plant, Saint-Gobain Pipelines （Xuzhou） Co., Ltd. was exhaustively extracted with petroleum ether （PE）. The extract was sequentially eluted through silica gel with PE and PE/ethyl acetate （EA） mixed solvents （volume ratio 2：1 ） to afford two eluted frac- tions. The extract and eluted fractions were analyzed with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. In total, 14 arenols were detected, including phenol, cresols, xylenols, fluorenols, phenanthren-3-ol and pyren-l-ol.

Optimization of support vector machine power load forecasting model based on data mining and Lyapunov exponents

According to the chaotic and non-linear characters of power load data,the time series matrix is established with the theory of phase-space reconstruction,and then Lyapunov exponents with chaotic time series are computed to determine the time delay and the embedding dimension.Due to different features of the data,data mining algorithm is conducted to classify the data into different groups.Redundant information is eliminated by the advantage of data mining technology,and the historical loads that have highly similar features with the forecasting day are searched by the system.As a result,the training data can be decreased and the computing speed can also be improved when constructing support vector machine(SVM) model.Then,SVM algorithm is used to predict power load with parameters that get in pretreatment.In order to prove the effectiveness of the new model,the calculation with data mining SVM algorithm is compared with that of single SVM and back propagation network.It can be seen that the new DSVM algorithm effectively improves the forecast accuracy by 0.75%,1.10% and 1.73% compared with SVM for two random dimensions of 11-dimension,14-dimension and BP network,respectively.This indicates that the DSVM gains perfect improvement effect in the short-term power load forecasting.

Statistics and Its Applications in Identification of Irregular Particles

Phase Doppler anemometry(PDA) is very sensitive to the shape of testing particles, which is based on sphericity assumption and Mie’s theory. In practice, there exists effectiveness of non sphericity and the response of PDA system deviates from the theoretical prediction. In this paper, the statistic characteristics of PDA signal are analyzed and a method of identifying and quantifying irregular particles is proposed. It is concluded that phase difference of PDA signal for irregular particles is an unbiased estimation for spherical particles.

A hybrid method for extraction of protein-protein interactions from literature

In this work, a hybrid method is proposed to eliminate the limitations of traditional protein-protein interactions （PPIs） extraction methods, such as pattern learning and machine learning. Each sentence from the biomedical literature containing a protein pair describes a PPI which is predicted by first learning syntax patterns typical of PPIs from training corpus and then using their presence as features, along with bag-of-word features in a maximum entropy model. Tested on the BioCreAtIve corpus, the PPIs extraction method, which achieved a precision rate of 64%, recall rate of 60%, improved the performance in terms of F1 value by 11% compared with the component pure pattern- based and bag-of-word methods. The results on this test set were also compared with other three extraction methods and found to improve the performance remarkably.

Enhanced photodynamic therapy of mixed phase TiO2（B）/anatase nanofibers for killing of HeLa cells

Photodynamic therapy （PDT）, which is a procedure that uses photosensitizing drug to apply therapy selectively to target sites, has been proven to be a safe treatment for cancers and conditions that may develop into cancers. Nano-sized TiO2 has been regarded as potential photosensitizer for UV light driven PDT. In this study, four types of TiO2 nanofibers were prepared from proton tri-titanate （H2T3O7） nanofiber. The as-obtained nanofibers were demonstrated as efficient photosensitizers for PDT killing of HeLa cells. MTT assay and flow cytometry （FCM） were carried out to evaluate the biocompatibility, percentage of apoptotic cells, and cell viability. The non-cytotoxicity of the as-prepared TiO2 nanofibers in the absence of UV irradiation has also been demonstrated. Under UV light irradiation, the TiO2 nanofibers, particularly the mixed phase nanofibers, displayed much higher cell-killing efficiency than Pirarubicin （THP）, which is a common drug to induce the apoptosis of HeLa cells. We ascribe the high cell- killing efficiency of the mixed phase nanofibers to the bandgap edge match and stable interface between TiO2（B） and anatase phases in a single nanofiber, which can inhibit the recombination of the photogenerated electrons and holes. This promotes the charge separation and transfer processes and can produce more reactive oxygen species （ROS） that are responsible for the killing of HeLa cells.

Simplified Numerical Study of Evaporation Processes Inside Vertical Tubes

The paper presents a simplified numerical model of evaporation processes inside vertical tubes.In this model only the temperature fields in the fluid domain(the liquid or two-phase mixture) and solid domain(a tube wall) are determined.Therefore its performance and efficiency is high.The analytical formulas,which allow calculating the pressure drop and the distribution of heat transfer coefficient along the tube length,are used in this model.The energy equation for the fluid domain is solved with the Control Volume Method and for the solid domain with the Finite Element Method in order to determine the temperature field for the fluid and solid domains.

Control System for Low Pressure Gradient Mixer in High Performance Liquid Chromatograph

A control system used in high performance liquid chromatograph(HPLC) was described.The control system adopting low pressure gradient elution was tested with different initial and end volume fractions,and four types of gradient elution curves.The experimental results verified the theoretical analyses of the applied method.This self-designed control system can achieve approving accuracy,repeatability and low cost,which has a bright outlook for domestic applications.

Mixed nonlinear dynamic voltage phasor tracing method based on WAMS/SCADA

By considering the static voltage characteristic of the load, we propose a WAMS/SCADA mixed nonlinear method to estimate the voltage of unobservable buses caused by topology change or phasor measurement unit (PMU) malfunction in a power system. By modeling the load characteristic with data from SCADA, we employed the Gauss-Seidel method to solve the nonlinear equations and estimate the voltage of unobservable buses with the high precision voltages of neighboring buses measured by a PMU. Simulations were carried out on the IEEE 39-bus system, and the results show that this novel method can dynamically and accurately trace the variation of the voltage phasor of the unobservable buses.