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混脂率影响混床出水水质的研究 被引量:2
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作者 吴春华 张萍 龚云峰 《上海电力学院学报》 CAS 1999年第1期40-43,共4页
通过模拟电厂凝结水处理运行的实验,研究不同混脂率下混床出水水质、运行周期的变化情况,并作出运行时间与电导率、混脂率与运行周期的关系图,对试验数据及相关曲线进行分析并得出结论.这对于进行现场运行失效判断和树脂分离效果的... 通过模拟电厂凝结水处理运行的实验,研究不同混脂率下混床出水水质、运行周期的变化情况,并作出运行时间与电导率、混脂率与运行周期的关系图,对试验数据及相关曲线进行分析并得出结论.这对于进行现场运行失效判断和树脂分离效果的控制都有一定帮助. 展开更多
关键词 凝结水处理 床出水水质 混脂 交叉污染
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浅谈精处理高速混床运行中二次混脂的应用
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作者 尹柱良 《科技风》 2015年第20期99-99,共1页
简要介绍了凝结水精处理高速混床在运行时过早失效,可以采用二次混脂的方法延长高速混床的制水周期。简单阐述了高速混床二次混脂的适用条件及方法。
关键词 高速 制水周期 二次混脂
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胰岛素脂质混悬液肺部给药的生物利用度及对肺部损伤的初步考察 被引量:12
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作者 吕剑 朱颖 江志强 《中国生化药物杂志》 CAS CSCD 2002年第6期271-274,共4页
目的 研究胰岛素脂质混悬液(ILS)经正常大鼠气管滴注给药后肺部吸收的生物利用度,并对给药造成的肺损伤进行初步考察。方法 以薄膜-超声分散法制备ILS,结合药效学和药动学考察气管滴注给药后的药理相对生物利用度和药物相对生物利用度;... 目的 研究胰岛素脂质混悬液(ILS)经正常大鼠气管滴注给药后肺部吸收的生物利用度,并对给药造成的肺损伤进行初步考察。方法 以薄膜-超声分散法制备ILS,结合药效学和药动学考察气管滴注给药后的药理相对生物利用度和药物相对生物利用度;以肺水肿指数和肺组织病理改变为指标考察肺部给药后对肺部造成的损伤。结果ILS以1、4、8u/kg肺部给药后其药理相对生物利用度分别为65.2%、50.8%和37.1%,药物相对生物利用度分别为67.9%.40.9%和31.7%,均随给药剂量增加而降低;连续7d气管滴注给药后,ILS给药组的肺水肿指数和肺组织病理改变与普通胰岛素溶液给药后相比具有显著性差异,前者优于后者并接近正常组。结论ILS肺部给药后可达到较高的生物利用度。 展开更多
关键词 胰岛素悬液 肺部给药 生物利用度 肺部损伤
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胰岛素脂质混悬液的肺部给药 被引量:16
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作者 江志强 吕剑 《药学学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2002年第5期378-382,共5页
目的 研究胰岛素脂质混悬液 (insulinlipidsuspension ,INS LIP SP)经正常大鼠肺部给药后的生物利用度。方法 分别以薄膜 超声分散法和逆相蒸发法制备INS LIP SP ,以sc胰岛素溶液为对照 ,并同气管滴注胰岛素溶液进行比较 ,分别计算... 目的 研究胰岛素脂质混悬液 (insulinlipidsuspension ,INS LIP SP)经正常大鼠肺部给药后的生物利用度。方法 分别以薄膜 超声分散法和逆相蒸发法制备INS LIP SP ,以sc胰岛素溶液为对照 ,并同气管滴注胰岛素溶液进行比较 ,分别计算气管滴注给药后的药理相对生物利用度 (f% )和药物相对生物利用度 (F % ) ,结合药效学和药动学两方面进行评价。结果 以薄膜 超声分散法和逆相蒸发法制备的INS LIP SP其脂质颗粒平均粒径和跨距分别为1 91μm ,0 94和 2 0 8μm ,1 2 8,包封率分别为 (16 4± 1 6 ) %和 (40± 3) % (n =3) ,肺部给药后f%均达到 37% ,F %均达到 32 % ,与胰岛素溶液肺部给药后的f%和F % (分别为 2 9%和 16 % )比较有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1) ,但不同包封率的INS LIP SP与胰岛素溶液和空白脂质体的物理混合物之间则无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论 INS LIP SP肺部给药后可达到较高的生物利用度。 展开更多
关键词 胰岛素 悬液 肺部给药 生物利用度 降血糖作用
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两种不同润滑脂混合对润滑流动特性的研究
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作者 黄宏臣 曹佳伟 +1 位作者 王子彦 郭四洲 《南方农机》 2018年第11期7-8,11,共3页
润滑脂是滚动轴承正常工作的关键,润滑脂的流动性是衡量脂润滑轴承性能的决定性特性,不同种类润滑脂混合会导致润滑脂内部微观结构发生改变进而影响润滑脂的流动性。本文将对两种不同的润滑脂混合运行半年后的样本,与2种润滑脂三种... 润滑脂是滚动轴承正常工作的关键,润滑脂的流动性是衡量脂润滑轴承性能的决定性特性,不同种类润滑脂混合会导致润滑脂内部微观结构发生改变进而影响润滑脂的流动性。本文将对两种不同的润滑脂混合运行半年后的样本,与2种润滑脂三种不同状态下的未混合样本进行红外光谱检测成份和润滑流动性检测对比,结果表明两种不同润滑脂混合使用半年后的润滑脂流动性大大降低,进而降低润滑脂的润滑性能。 展开更多
关键词 不同润滑混脂 成分检测 流变特性
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高速混床周期制水量影响因素的探讨 被引量:5
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作者 张仕坚 《科技创新与应用》 2018年第11期103-104,共2页
高速混床作为凝结水深度除盐,其运行周期的长短、周期制水量的高低,直接影响了机组的制水和废水处理的成本。文章分析了高速混床周期制水量的主要影响因素,并提出相应的技术措施。
关键词 周期制水量 配比 二次混脂 再生程度
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优化凝结水精处理高混制水量措施 被引量:3
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作者 郑传均 张辉 胡建琼 《贵州电力技术》 2017年第1期11-13,30,共4页
高速混床作为除盐系统,具有出水水质优良、运行流速高等优点,广泛应用于凝结水精处理中。在应用的过程中可能会产生周期制水量低、树脂混合不均匀、再生频繁等问题。结合茶园电厂的运行实际情况,对高混周期制水量的影响因素进行了分析,... 高速混床作为除盐系统,具有出水水质优良、运行流速高等优点,广泛应用于凝结水精处理中。在应用的过程中可能会产生周期制水量低、树脂混合不均匀、再生频繁等问题。结合茶园电厂的运行实际情况,对高混周期制水量的影响因素进行了分析,在现场采取了"高混内混脂"等优化措施来提高精处理高混制水量。 展开更多
关键词 凝结水精处理 制水量 混脂 措施
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《经典释文》“视”字音注及所涉脂、之混并考辨
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作者 罗毅 《语言研究》 CSSCI 北大核心 2024年第2期73-78,共6页
《经典释文》中“视”字所注“常旨反”“市止反”“常止反”“市志反”等四个反切皆是后人所改,“市至反”“如字”音才是陆氏原书中的音注,而所注“音示”乃以注音形式表通假,并进一步指出《经典释文》中为“视”字所注音切脂、之不混... 《经典释文》中“视”字所注“常旨反”“市止反”“常止反”“市志反”等四个反切皆是后人所改,“市至反”“如字”音才是陆氏原书中的音注,而所注“音示”乃以注音形式表通假,并进一步指出《经典释文》中为“视”字所注音切脂、之不混,且脂、之混并的时间当不晚于唐玄宗开元年间。 展开更多
关键词 《经典释文》 “视”字音注 考辨
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Laboratory evaluation of epoxy resin modified asphalt mixtures 被引量:13
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作者 钱振东 罗桑 王建伟 《Journal of Southeast University(English Edition)》 EI CAS 2007年第1期117-121,共5页
The pavement performance of epoxy resin modified asphalt mixtures was investigated by the Marshall test, the indirect tensile test, the rutting test, the three-pointed bending test and the composite beam fatigue test.... The pavement performance of epoxy resin modified asphalt mixtures was investigated by the Marshall test, the indirect tensile test, the rutting test, the three-pointed bending test and the composite beam fatigue test. In comparison with the performance of epoxy resin modified asphalt mixtures, the performance of stone matrix asphalt mixtures (SMA10) was also investigated. The rutting test and composite beam fatigue test results show that the epoxy resin modified asphalt mixtures can improve permanent deformation and fatigue characteristics. They also show lower temperature susceptibility and greater resistance to moisture damage compared to the SMA10. Findings from the research indicate that the epoxy resin modified asphalt mixture provides an optional material for the pavement of long-span steel bridges in China due to profound performance and economic advantages. 展开更多
关键词 epoxy resin modified asphalt epoxy resin modified asphalt mixture PAVEMENT strength performance
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Evaluation of modification effect of epoxy resin based on performance of asphalt mixtures 被引量:4
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作者 杨军 陆海珠 +1 位作者 袁登全 王建伟 《Journal of Southeast University(English Edition)》 EI CAS 2007年第1期122-126,共5页
Based on the analysis of the main failures discovered in pavement on steel deck plate and the demanding service condition of the pavement on steel deck, high-temperature rutting test, low-temperature bending test and ... Based on the analysis of the main failures discovered in pavement on steel deck plate and the demanding service condition of the pavement on steel deck, high-temperature rutting test, low-temperature bending test and controlled stress flexural fatigue test are used to study the performance of asphalt mixtures modified by epoxy resin including high-temperature stability, low-temperature cracking-resistance, and fatigue cracking-resistance, which are served to evaluate the modification effect of epoxy resin of different contents. With the addition of epoxy resin, all the three performances are improved greatly. However, when the amount of epoxy resin added is over a certain value, the modification effect will be stable with no extra benefit detected. Finally, in terms of the properties of the three respects, 20%, 30%, 30% are given separately as the proposal adding contents. 展开更多
关键词 pavement on steel deck plate content of epoxy resin asphalt mixtures modified by epoxy resin PERFORMANCE modification effect
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Interaction of Soybean Phospholipids Based Lipo-Vesicle and Surfactants of Bile Salts In Vitro
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作者 李凤前 胡晋红 朱全刚 《Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences》 CAS 2001年第3期136-139,共4页
Liposomes were prepared with natural soybean phospholipids by extrusion method after rotating-film evaporating technique. Transmission electron micrography was used to detect the appearances of the prepared liposomes,... Liposomes were prepared with natural soybean phospholipids by extrusion method after rotating-film evaporating technique. Transmission electron micrography was used to detect the appearances of the prepared liposomes, and the liposome diameter was also measured. The prepared liposomes were sphere in shape with the mean diameter of 217 nm and span of 0.838. The phospholipid bilayer structure, suitable for entrapping various effector molecules, could be seen clearly under transmission electron microscopy. The bile salts of sodium cholate and sodium deoxycholate were used as the surfactants to investigate their interaction with liposomes. The turbidities for the mixture of bile salts and liposomes were evaluated by the visible spectrometry method at the wavelength of 500 nm. And the diameter changes of liposomes were also tested to examine the effect of bile salts on liposomes. At the beginning, the diameters and turbidities of liposomes increased a little as the result of mixed micelles formation during the different stages for the structure changes of surfactant-liposomes micelles. The further added bile salts decreased the diameters and turbidities of liposomes. The liposome suspension underwent several rearrangements before small mixed micelles formed. And the diameter of liposomes changed regularly. The interaction of bile salts and liposomes is important for the further study of the behaviors of liposomes in vivo. The drug loaded and release properties of liposomes can also be well reflected by the interaction of liposomes and surfactants. 展开更多
关键词 Soybean phospholipids Liposomes Bile salt Interaction in vitro DIAMETER TURBIDITY
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Preparation and evaluation of mixed-mode resins with tryptophan analogues as functional ligands for human serum albumin separation 被引量:2
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作者 Qici Wu Qilei Zhang +3 位作者 Shiwen Xu Cheng ong Ge Shanjing Yao Dongqiang Lin 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2017年第7期898-905,共8页
Five tryptophan analogues with a hydrophobic indole ring and an amino group on each molecule were used as functional ligands of mixed-mode resins for human serum albumin(HSA) purification. Their adsorption performance... Five tryptophan analogues with a hydrophobic indole ring and an amino group on each molecule were used as functional ligands of mixed-mode resins for human serum albumin(HSA) purification. Their adsorption performance was evaluated and the effects of p H and salt addition on HSA adsorption were studied. The resins prepared showed typical p H-dependent adsorption and the highest adsorption capacity and affinity were found at pH 5.0for all the resins tested. The saturated adsorption capacity was 138.02 mg·g^(-1)with the tryptaminefunctionalized resin, which significantly decreased at p H below 4.0 due to electrostatic repulsion between ligands and HSA. Moreover, the addition of Na Cl or(NH_4)_2SO_4in media reduced HSA adsorption capacity, although the two salts showed different affecting profiles. The tryptamine-functionalized resin showed the best salt-tolerant performance, and its high adsorption capacity was maintained under high salt concentrations. In addition, the five resins prepared showed good adsorption selectivity for recombinant HSA from Pichia pastoris broth. Molecular docking results between tryptamine and HSA indicated that tryptamine was favorable to bind on Site II(indole-binding site) of HSA. 展开更多
关键词 Adsorption Human serum albumin Mixed-mode chromatography TRYPTAMINE Tryptophan analogue
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Membrane materials in the pervaporation separation of aromatic/aliphatic hydrocarbon mixtures—A review 被引量:10
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作者 Hong-Xia Liu Naixin Wang +2 位作者 Cui Zhao Shulan Ji Jian-Rong Li 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2018年第1期1-16,共16页
The separation of aromatic/aliphatic hydrocarbon mixtures is a significant process in chemical industry, but challenged in some cases. Compared with conventional separation technologies, pervaporation is quite promisi... The separation of aromatic/aliphatic hydrocarbon mixtures is a significant process in chemical industry, but challenged in some cases. Compared with conventional separation technologies, pervaporation is quite promising in terms of its economical, energy-saving, and eco-friendly advantages. However, this technique has not been used in industry for separating aromatic/aliphatic mixtures yet. One of the main reasons is that the separation performance of existed pervaporation membranes is unsatisfactory. Membrane material is an important factor that affects the separation performance. This review provides an overview on the advances in studying membrane materials for the pervaporation separation of aromatic/aliphatic mixtures over the past decade. Explored pristine polymers and their hybrid materials(as hybrid membranes) are summarized to highlight their nature and separation performance. We anticipate that this review could provide some guidance in the development of new materials for the aromatic/aliphatic pervaporation separation. 展开更多
关键词 Aromatic/aliphatic hydrocarbon mixtures Membrane materials Pervaporation separation
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Esterification of different FFAs with methanol by CERP/PES hybrid catalytic membrane for biodiesel production 被引量:1
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作者 张洪雷 丁金城 赵增典 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS 2012年第10期2895-2900,共6页
Cation ion-exchange resin particles (CERP)/polyethersulfone (PES) hybrid catalytic membranes were prepared by immerse phase inversion for the esterification of different free fatty acids (FFAs) (such as, dodeca... Cation ion-exchange resin particles (CERP)/polyethersulfone (PES) hybrid catalytic membranes were prepared by immerse phase inversion for the esterification of different free fatty acids (FFAs) (such as, dodecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid and octadecadienoic acid) with methanol. The membranes were characterized by SEM, ion-exchange capacity and swelling degree test. It is found that dodecanoic acid has the highest FFAs conversion among the four acids for its stronger acidic and reactivity. Different effects of membrane annealing temperature, reaction temperature, molar ratio of methanol to FFAs and catalytic membrane loading on the esterification were investigated by the esterification of dodecanoic acid with methanol. The dodecanoic acid conversion reaches 97.5% trader the optimal condition when the esterification reaction lasted for 8 h. 展开更多
关键词 BIODIESEL METHANOL catalytic membrane ESTERIFICATION free fatty acids (FFAs) waste cooking oil (WCO)
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Thermal Energy Storage Characteristics of Myristic and Stearic Acids Eutectic Mixture for Low Temperature Heating Applications 被引量:6
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作者 Ahmet Sari Kamil Kaygusuz 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2006年第2期270-275,共6页
Stearic acid (67.83℃) and myristic acid (52.32℃) have high melting temperatures that can limit their use as phase change material (PCM) in low temperature solar heating applications such as solar space and greenhous... Stearic acid (67.83℃) and myristic acid (52.32℃) have high melting temperatures that can limit their use as phase change material (PCM) in low temperature solar heating applications such as solar space and greenhouse heating in regard to climatic requirements. However, their melting temperatures can be adjusted to a suitable value by preparing a eutectic mixture of the myristic acid (MA) and the stearic acid (SA). In the present study, the thermal analysis based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique shows that the mixture of myristic acid (MA) and stearic acid (SA) in the respective composition (by mass) of 64% and 36% forms a eutectic mixture having melting temperature of 44.13℃ and the latent heat of fusion of 182.4J·g-1. The thermal energy storage characteristics of the MA-SA eutectic mixture filled in the annulus of two concentric pipes were also experimentally established. The heat recovery rate and heat charging/discharging fractions were determined with respect to the change in the mass flow rate and the inlet temperature of heat transfer fluid. Based on the results obtained by DSC analysis and by the heat charg- ing/discharging processes of the PCM, it can be concluded that the MA-SA eutectic mixture is a potential material for low temperature thermal energy storage applications in terms of its thermo-physical and thermal characteristics. 展开更多
关键词 eutectic mixture myristic and stearic acids phase change material thermal energy storage differential scanning calorimetry
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Physicochemical Properties, Baking Performance and Sensory Evaluation of Bakery Shortening Enriched with Diacylglycerol 被引量:1
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作者 Noor Hidayu Othman Ahmadilfitri Md Noor Mohd Suria Affandi Yusoff 《Journal of Food Science and Engineering》 2015年第2期58-66,共9页
The purpose of this study was to investigate the suitability of palm diacylglycerol (PDAG)-enriched formulations for bakery shortening. Three types of palm diacylglycerol olein (PDAGOL) at different degree of unsa... The purpose of this study was to investigate the suitability of palm diacylglycerol (PDAG)-enriched formulations for bakery shortening. Three types of palm diacylglycerol olein (PDAGOL) at different degree of unsaturation (PDAGOL1V56, PDAGOLIV62 and PDAGOLIV64) were used as main raw materials blended with palm stearin (PS). The blending compositions ranged from 30% to 70% of PDAGOLIV56/PS, PDAGOLIV62/PS and PDAGOLIV64/PS, respectively. The physicochemical properties of all binary blend systems were characterized for fatty acid composition (FAC), slip melting point (SMP) and solid fat content (SFC). The selected bakery shortening formulations were further characterised for polymorphic form of fat crystal and thermal behavior, using X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Bakery shortening enriched with diacylglycerol that were produced from 40DS56 (40% PDAGOLIV56/60% PS), 40DS62 (40% PDAGOL1V62/60% PS) and 40DS64 (40% PDAGOLIV64/60% PS) had 45%-50% unsaturated fatty acid and crystallized in β + β polymorphs; thus they were suitable for shortening system. Based on product's baking performance, it could be found that all Madeira cakes prepared from bakery shortening enriched with diacylglycerol had higher specific cake volume as compared to commercial shortening (CS). In customer acceptance test, Madeira cake made from 40DS56 shortening scored the highest rating for all sensory attributes, including overall customer acceptability. It had given an indication that 40DS56 shortening formulation was the most suitable fat blends to be used as bakery shortening. 展开更多
关键词 DIACYLGLYCEROL SHORTENING BAKING sensory.
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Experimental Plans Method to Formulate a Resin Concrete
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作者 Miloud Beddar Zinedine Boudaoud +1 位作者 Mohamed Aziz Chikouche Halima Saadia M'hammedi 《Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture》 2012年第10期1376-1383,共8页
This work is an experimental approach based on the method of experimental plans to determine a specific formulation of a resin concrete. In this study, an unsaturated polyester resin (thermosetting resin) was used w... This work is an experimental approach based on the method of experimental plans to determine a specific formulation of a resin concrete. In this study, an unsaturated polyester resin (thermosetting resin) was used with two types of mineral fillers (dune sand and crushed sand), and with the addition of a marble powder to ensure the continuity of the particle size mixing granular. The lack of the methods for developing this kind of composite materials, had led us to perform an initial experimental approach to define the experimental field, that is to say determine the mass proportions of the various compounds of mixture of our study. In the second approach, we have established and implemented fully experimental plans with three factors namely: factor (1): sand, factor (2): resin, factor (3): marble powder. Test results being the density of polymer concrete and the mechanical resistances. Finally, multi-parameters regression allowed us to determine predictive mathematical models for the different responses of the study. Tests results showed that at three days we got a tensile strength of about 16 MPa with a resin concrete density of 1.9 g/cm3. This shows the advantages of this material. 展开更多
关键词 CONCRETE polyester resin experimental plans method mechanical resistance
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ELECTRIC REGENERATION METHOD OF IONEXCHANGE RESIN IN THE MIXED BED 被引量:2
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作者 Wang Fang 《Chinese Journal of Reactive Polymers》 1998年第2期68-74,共7页
In this paper the self-regeneration process of the mixed resins consisting of cationand anion ion exchangers in the electrolialyser of the packed bed is analyzed and anelectric regeneration method is put forward to su... In this paper the self-regeneration process of the mixed resins consisting of cationand anion ion exchangers in the electrolialyser of the packed bed is analyzed and anelectric regeneration method is put forward to supply the desalinated water by mixedbed The electric regeneration technology is a new one used for regeneration of theexhausted ion exchangers in the mixed bed instead of the traditional regeneratingprocess by using acid and abc liquor Electric energy is consumed to regenerat theion exchangers loaded by salts from water treatment without any chemicals- acid alkali. The advantage of the electric regeneration process edibited convenientoperation, no discharge any waste, and therefore no Polluted to the recehang waterbode and the environmental ground 展开更多
关键词 Electric regeneration method of ion exchange resin Membranetechnology Pollution control
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Binding of Mono, Bi and Tridomain Proteins to Zwitterionic and Anionic Vesicles: Asymmetric Location of Anionic Phospholipids in Mixed Zwitterionic/Anionic Vesicles and Cooperative Binding
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作者 Francisco Torrens Gloria Castellano 《Journal of Life Sciences》 2011年第3期167-181,共15页
Lysozyme, myoglobin and BSA were used as models of globular proteins covering a wide range of pl. The purpose is to extend the studies to anionic lipid bilayers. Electrostatics is studied in cationic protein adsorptio... Lysozyme, myoglobin and BSA were used as models of globular proteins covering a wide range of pl. The purpose is to extend the studies to anionic lipid bilayers. Electrostatics is studied in cationic protein adsorption to zwitterionic PC and anionic mixed PC/PG SUVs. Protein adsorption is investigated in SUVs along with changes of fluorescence emission spectra. Partition coefficients and cooperativity parameters are calculated. At pl binding obtains maximum while at lower or higher pHs binding decreases. In Gouy-Chapman formalism activity coefficient goes with square charge, which deviations indicate asymmetric location of anionic phospholipid in the inner leaflet, in mixed SUVs for lysozyme- and myoglobin-PC/PG systems, in agreement with experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. Vesicles bind myoglobin anti-cooperatively while lysozyme-BSA cooperativitivey. A model is proposed for both, which composes two protein sub-layers with different structures and properties. Hill coefficient reflects subunit cooperativity of bi and tridomain proteins. 展开更多
关键词 Protein-lipid interaction sigmoid adsorption isotherm transbilayer asymmetry anionic phospholipid asymmetric location cooperative binding hill plot.
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Examination of Whey Degreasing by Modified Membrane Filtration
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作者 Szilard Szelpal Zsuzsanna Kohany +3 位作者 Eszter Fogarassy Jozsef Csanadi Gyula Vatai Cecilia Hodur 《Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B)》 2016年第1期57-66,共10页
The largest amount of dairy by-products, especially the whey, comes from the manufacture of cheese. The whey proteins are used in several different industry technologies. The forage production is used for animal feedi... The largest amount of dairy by-products, especially the whey, comes from the manufacture of cheese. The whey proteins are used in several different industry technologies. The forage production is used for animal feeding in the forms of various flours mixed in feeds, and the food industry uses whey proteins as human nutrition, such as different dry soups, infant formulas and supplements. The fat components of whey may inhibit the efficient processing and might impair the use of whey in these technologies. Thus, the aim of the experiment was to investigate a cheap and economical separation of the lipid fraction of whey. This separation method was made by microfiltration, which is an inexpensive, effective and energy efficient method for this task. During the measurements, 0.2 μm and 0.45 μm microfiltration membranes were used in a laboratory tubular membrane filtration module, and the membrane separation method was combined and modified by using astatic mixer and/or air insufflation. The same pore size membranes were used in a vibrating membrane filtration equipment (VSEP), too. The two different membrane filtration devices allowed the comparison of the effect of vibration and the effect of the static mixer and/or air insufflation. The flux values above 0.2 MPa transmembrane pressures strongly decreased on using the tubular membrane. Therefore, it can be determined that the use of the lower transmembrane pressures gave better flux combined with air insufflation and the use of static mixer. The flux values increased three times higher with using vibration during the microfiltration process than that without vibration. Comparing these methods, it can be concluded that the separation made on tubular membrane (0.2 μm) combined with statics mixer gave sufficient result according to the degreasing, retentions and flux values of the other components. 展开更多
关键词 DEGREASING membrane filtration vibrating membrane filtration equipment air insufflation static mixer.
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