淹水落干对巢湖圩堤消落区土壤营养成分的影响

通过多次采样,分析巢湖西北部圩堤消落区土壤中有机质及氮磷在自然区域和人工修复区域的含量特征,研究巢湖西北部不同区域消落区土壤中有机质及氮磷的分布规律,探索人工修复措施对消落区生态环境改善的效果。结果表明:淹水落干过程有利于消落区土壤有机质的积累和对氮素的吸附,同时增强消落区土壤中有机质、全氮、有机磷的空间异质性,并且减小消落区内不同样点之间土壤全磷含量差异。在自然区域中,氮素较高的农业耕作区土壤在淹水条件下会向上覆水释氮,无植被覆盖的天然崩岸区土壤磷素会富集,在下次淹水时可能会向上覆水释磷;在人工修复区域,挺水植物能够有效拦截由于湖水冲刷引起的消落区土壤有机质流失,并且改善消落区底质。此外,不同人工修复区域的多种类型植被增强了消落区空间异质性,有利于保护消落区的生物多样性,并且提高环湖景观的观赏性。

三峡库区消落带土壤淹水对氮素转化及酶活性的影响

以三峡库区消落带典型的紫色土为试验材料,通过原位试验研究不同淹水深度(0、2、5和15m)对土壤氮素形态转化和酶活性的影响。结果表明:淹水180d后,随着淹水深度的增加,铵态氮和硝态氮含量均逐渐降低;与未淹水(0m)对比,水深2m处的铵态氮含量增加显著,而水深15m处的硝态氮含量显著(P<0.05)减少。铵态氮和硝态氮含量对不同淹水深度的响应有显著差异(P<0.05)。对土壤无机氮(铵态氮+硝态氮)而言,水深15m处的无机氮含量比未淹水(0m)减少3.96mg/kg。脲酶和亚硝酸还原酶活性随淹水深度增加有所下降,而羟胺还原酶和硝酸还原酶活性呈先下降后上升的趋势,并均在水深2m处达到最大值。除脲酶外,其他酶活性均高于未淹水(0m)处理。

Effect of Flooding and Air-drying on Nutrition Content of Soil in Embankment WLFZ of Chaohu Lake

Organic matter （OM）, total nitrogen （TN）, organic phosphorous （OP） and total phosphorous （TP）content of soil in northwest water-level fluctuating zone （WLFZ） of Lake Chaohu under natural and different artificial conditions were ana- lyzed to study the variation of OM, TN, OP and TP. It showed： Flooding and air- drying help to increase soil OM content in study area. Process of flooding and air- drying is conducive to soil adsorption of nitrogen and it can enhance spatial hetero- geneity of soil OM, TN, OP, process of flooding and air-drying also can reduce the difference of TP contents among different points. Riprap embankment is not con- ducive to maintaining soil organic matter under flooded conditions, emergent plants are conducive to maintaining soil organic matter under flooded conditions. Soil with high nitrogen content will release nitrogen to overlying water under flooded condi- tions. Under drying after flooding conditions, demand for phosphorus of vegetation growth will reduce TP content in soil, bare area will enrich phosphorus, when the next flood cover up a greater release of phosphorus will happen