淹没型旋流竖井泄洪洞流态过渡的数值模拟研究

旋流竖井泄洪洞的工程技术难题之一是:高尾水位淹没出流时的泄洪洞排气难,出口易发生气爆。对此,采用数值模拟的方法,结合某泄洪洞工程开展了相关的研究,获得了各个流段不同的水流流态、流速、压强以及消能率的沿程分布和特性,计算结果与实验结果符合良好。分析了水流由强紊动掺气状态过渡到有压流动状态的转换机制及其对结构的影响,研究表明,泄洪洞内水平段可分为掺混消能区、气泡逸出区、气体排出区和平稳流动区,其中掺混消能区是消杀能量的主要区域,该新型旋流竖井泄洪洞在淹没条件下,气体能够顺利排出,流态转换平顺,压强分布平稳,可为类似工程参考。

淹没齿型丁坝阻力与壅水响应关系试验研究

为研究淹没齿型丁坝阻力与其壅水响应关系,利用物理水槽试验与理论分析相结合的方法,建立了淹没齿型丁坝阻力系数计算方法,其阻力系数大小主要与无量纲淹没度与相对坝长相关。进而采用动量守恒的方法构建了阻力系数与壅水效应相关联的淹没齿型丁坝壅水预测模型。通过实测数据对壅水预测模型进行验证,计算结果与水槽试验数据符合良好。研究成果可为其他形式丁坝或相关涉及建筑物阻力与壅水效应研究提供参考与借鉴。

美国双语教育研究之评介

本文是一篇介绍与分析美国双语教育的文章 ,主要介绍了美国双语教育发展的历史进程。介绍了代表美国官方意识的学者对美国双语教育及其研究的分析和评论以及美国学术界对美国双语教育的研究和评论。同时还介绍了其他研究者对双语教育的研究、分析和评论。

平底突扩三元水跃流场的数值模拟

应用湍流RNG k-ε模型封闭流体力学方程组,VOF法追踪自由表面,采用非定常流动PISO算法对R型水跃,S型临界式水跃和S型淹没式水跃进行了数值模拟。结果表明,采用Fluent软件对平底突扩三元水跃进行数值模拟具有较强的适用性。3种水跃在水流的上部区域均形成逆时针方向的翻滚漩涡。S型临界式水跃(z=0.024 m)发生了对称扩散,并在x=1.00 m断面与x=1.30 m断面之间形成了对称分布的漩涡。发现水流紊动能最大值在水跃中部,R型水跃发生的紊动能较大,S型临界式水跃和S型淹没式水跃两者的紊动能相近。分析中轴立面流速分布后,发现在相同位置的横断面上,R型水跃流速均较大。水跃区内,R型水跃边界层变化不大,S型临界式水跃边界层增长缓慢,S型淹没式水跃边界层增加趋势明显。S型淹没式水跃最大流速值以较快速率减小,并且最大流速值相比另外两种工况时小。

浅谈新疆的双语教育模式

本文浅谈了新疆目前的三种双语教育模式及其利弊。

Hydroelastic Analysis of a Very Large Floating Structure Edged with a Pair of Submerged Horizontal Plates

This paper is concerned with the hydroelastic problem of a very large pontoon-type floating structure(VLFS) edged with a pair of submerged horizontal plates, which is a combination of perforated and non-perforated plates attached to the for-end and back-end of the VLFS. For the hydroelastic analysis, the fluid is assumed to be ideal and its motion is irrotational so that a velocity potential exists. The VLFS is modeled as an elastic plate according to the classical thin plate theory. The fluid-structure interaction problem is separated into conventional hydrodynamics and structure dynamics by using modal expansion method in the frequency-domain. It involves, firstly, the deflection of the VLFS, which is expressed by a superposition of modal functions and corresponding modal amplitudes. Then the boundary element method is used to solve the integral equations of diffraction and radiation on the body surface for the velocity potential, whereas the vibration equation is solved by the Galerkin's method for modal amplitudes, and then the deflection is obtained by the sum of multiplying modal functions with modal amplitudes. This study examines the effects of the width and location of the non-perforated horizontal plates on the hydroelastic response of the VLFS, then the performance of perforated plates is investigated to reduce the motion near the fore-end of the VLFS. Considering the advantages and disadvantages of submerged plates without and with cylindrical holes, we propose a simple anti-motion device, which is a combination of a pair of perforated and non-perforated plates attached to the for-end and back-end of the VLFS. The effectiveness of this device in reducing the deformation and bending moment of the VLFS has been confirmed, and is compared with the results in cases without and with the submerged horizontal plates by the analysis in this paper.

Numerical investigation of wake-collapse internal waves generated by a submerged moving body

The state-of-the-art OpenFOAM technology is used to develop a numerical model that can be devoted to numerically investigating wake-collapse internal waves generated by a submerged moving body.The model incorporates body geometry,propeller forcing,and stratification magnitude of seawater.The generation mechanism and wave properties are discussed based on model results.It was found that the generation of the wave and its properties depend greatly on the body speed.Only when that speed exceeds some critical value,between 1.5 and 4.5 m/s,can the moving body generate wake-collapse internal waves,and with increases of this speed,the time of generation advances and wave amplitude increases.The generated wake-collapse internal waves are confirmed to have characteristics of the second baroclinic mode.As the body speed increases,wave amplitude and length increase and its waveform tends to take on a regular sinusoidal shape.For three linearly temperature-stratified profiles examined,the weaker the stratification,the stronger the wake-collapse internal wave.

Effects of Terrain Morphology Model on Excess Water Inundation and Phosphorus Transport Modeling

An integrated hydrological model has been applied for a rural-urban catchment of the Szamos-Kraszna interfluve geographic area, using the WateRisk integrated hydrological model system. The aim of the hydrological simulations was to identify the role that the relief plays in the water coverage formation process, and to highlight the possible consequences of it on phosphorus transport processes. To support this aim, the rainfall-runoff and the one-dimensional flow routing modules have been modelled, and maximal water cover has been calculated. Measured water coverage data by remote sensing have been compared to calculated maximum water cover in several ways. Results support the existing perspective on excess water formation namely that the process is very complex, therefore, the coincidence of the locations of measured water cover with calculated maximum water cover based on the DEM （digital elevation model） and the river network is low. Analysis shows that as far as the larger depressions of the area are concerned, the error of the DEM is not high, but it is likely that at locations with small altitude differences, the error of DEM can cause larger errors. The results foreshadow the importance of the micro relief of the area on phosphorus transport.

The small-island effect in amphibian assemblages on subtropical land-bridge islands of an inundated lake

The small-island effect （SIE） has become more and more part of the theoretical framework of island biogeography and biodiversity research. However, previous methods for the detection of SlEs are often flawed in one way or another, including not accounting for model complexity, not comparing all relevant models, and not including islands with no species. Therefore, the existence and the prevalence of the SIE may be dubious. In this study, after controlling for all these methodological shortcomings, we tested for the existence of the SlE in amphibian assemblages on subtropical landbridge islands created by the inundation of the Thousand Island Lake, China. We used the line transect method to determine the distribution of amphibian assemblages on 23 study islands during 3 breeding seasons from 2009 to 2011. To evaluate whether an SIE exists in amphibian assemblages, we compared the fit of a simple linearized power model with two most widely used breakpoint regression models. The information-theoretic multimodel inference approach based on Akaike＇s information criterion identified the left-horizontal SIE model as the best single model. Thus, we found strong evidence for the existence of an SIE in our system. The upper limit of the SlE for amphibian assemblages was 39.95 ha. Below this threshold area, amphibian richness varied independently of island size. The SlE in amphibian assemblages may be due to episodic disturbances, stochastic events, and nutrient subsidies from the lake. Our results indicate that all the islands 〉39.95 ha should be protected for the effective conservation of amphibian assemblages in our system.

Experimental and numerical study on the flapping motion of submerged turbulent plane jet

A submerged,vertical turbulent plane water jet impinging onto a free surface will be self-excited into a flapping oscillation when the jet velocity,leaving the jet orifice,exceeds a critical value.The flapping phenomenon was verified simultaneously in this paper by laser Doppler velocimeter measurement and numerical analyses with volume of fluid approach coupled with a large eddy simulation turbulent model.The general agreement of mean velocities between numerical predictions and experimental results in self-similar region is good for two cases:Reynolds numbers 2090 and 2970,which correspond to the stable impinging jet and flapping jet.Results show that the flapping jet is a new flow pattern for submerged turbulent plane jets with characteristic flapping frequency,and that the decay of the mean velocity along the jet centerline is considerably faster than that of the stable impinging state.

Study on the critical submergence of surface vortices and the design of anti-vortex intakes

Surface vortex behavior in front of the tunnel intake was investigated in this paper.The critical submergence of vortex was discussed based on the concept of 'critical spherical sink surface'(CSSS).The vortex formation and evolution at the tunnel intake were analyzed based on the theory of CSSS considering the effect of circulation.A theory was proposed to explain the surface vortex.The theoretical development was verified by the physical model experiments of Xiluodu hydropower station.The radial velocity and vortex circulation were considered as the main factors that influence the formation and evolution of surface vortex.Finally,an anti-vortex intake configuration was proposed to weaken the air-core vortex in front of the tunnel intakes of the hydraulic structures.