酿醋废水水解酸化流出物培养小球藻实验研究

酿醋废水经水解酸化预处理后，在柱式光生物反应器中利用不同体积分数的水解酸化液流出物进行了小球藻培养实验。研究表明酿醋废水经水解酸化处理后COD、氨氮、总磷、挥发性脂肪酸均有不同程度的减少，其中COD、总磷含量分别减少了61．8％、63．6％，挥发性脂肪酸成分变化幅度较大。当酿醋废水水解酸化流出物体积分数高于40％，小球藻生长明显受到抑制，10％-30％体积分数的水解酸化流出物培养的小球藻生长较好，藻细胞浓度可达6．6×107个／mL，并且流出物添加磷酸盐后，小球藻在低体积分数废水流出物生长没有延滞现象。培养7d后，小球藻对酿醋废水水解酸化流出物的净化效果显著，氨氮、总磷几乎全部去除，添磷条件下废水流出物COD降低达96．6％。小球藻在体积分数为30％的水解酸化流出物生长含油量最高为24％，C16-C18的脂肪酸含量在83．0％～95．5％之间，该小球藻具备一定的生物柴油开发潜力。

Effect of chemical conditioning on the triboelectrification of coal and mineral particles

Chemical conditioning was used to modify the triboelectrification of coal and mineral particles.The chemicals tested included starch,lignin,kerosene,ethanol,acetic acid,salicylic acid,sodium oleate,Sodium Hexametaphosphate(SH),sodium silicate, Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate(SDBS),Sodium Bicarbonate(SB) and ammonia.A high-speed,dry mixing method was employed.The charge-to-mass ratio of the coal and mineral samples,both untreated and treated,was tested using a Faraday cup. Dielectric constants were determined by measuring capacitance.It is found that the selectivity of the additives toward coal or minerals is not consistent.Salicylic acid is the optimal additive to enhance the triboelectrification performance of coal samples.Starch, lignin and sodium oleate are suitable for removal of pyrite.SH,sodium silicate,SDBS,SB and ammonia are suitable additives for the removal of ash-forming minerals.

Morphologies of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles adjusted by organic additives in hydrothermal synthesis

Properties of hydroxyapatite （HA, Ca10（PO4）6（OH）2）, including bioactivity, biocompatibility, solubility and adsorption could be tailored over wide ranges by the control of particle composition, particle size and morphology. In order to satisfy various applications, well-crystallized pure HA nanoparticles were synthesized at moderate temperatures by hydrotherrnal synthesis, and HA nanoparticles with different lengths were obtained by adding organic additives. X-ray diffractometry （XRD） and Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectrometry were used to characterize these nanoparticles, and the morphologies of the HA particles were observed by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The results demonstrate that shorter rod-like HA particles can be prepared by adding cetyltrimethylammonium bromide （CTAB）, as the additive of CTAB can block the HA crystal growth along with c-axis. And whisker HA particles are obtained by adding ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid （EDTA）, since EDTA may have effect on the dissolution-repreeipitation process of HA.

Study on Tribology Performance of Different Lubricant Additives under Atmospheric Pressure and High Vacuum Conditions

By using PAO-10 as the base oil, the tribological behavior of 11 additives under high vacuum condition was evaluated. By adopting some surface analytical instruments, such as scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), the tribological mechanisms of these additives were studied. In air, O_2 can react with metal to form metal oxide that can protect the surfaces of rubbing pair during the tribological tests. According to the theory of the competitive adsorption, the function of some active elements is weakened. In a vacuum environment, the additives contributed more to the lubrication performance. The sulfur-containing additives could react with Fe to produce Fe Sx and "M—C" bonds("M" represents metal). They both had contributions to the lubrication. As for the phosphorus-containing additives, they only generated the phosphates during the tests. When the sulfur and phosphorus-containing additives were applied, the generated phosphates and Fe Sx had the primary contribution to the lubrication performance during the tests.

Effects of AsN 1980 phytase on growth and phosphorus utilization of broilers

The experiment was conducted with 180 one-day-old AA broilers that were randomly divided into one control group and one trial group to study the effects of AsN1980 phytase on broilers growth performance and P utilization in low available phosphorus diets. Results showed that phytase supplement decreased F/W by 12.4%-13.4%and increased phosphorus availability by 7.63%-8.27%, both of which were significantly superior to the control group (P< 0.05).

Responses of Soil CO_2, CH_4 and N_2O Fluxes to N, P, and Acid Additions in Mixed Forest in Subtropical China

Understanding how nitrogen（N） availability interacts with soil acidity and phosphorus（P） availability to affect soil-atmosphere exchanges in CO_2, CH_4 and N_2O in forest ecosystems is important for understanding the mechanisms driving ecosystem responses to enhanced N deposition. Here, we conducted an experiment with N, P and acid（H） addition in a mixed forest in subtropical China to investigate how acid and P addition affects CO_2, CH_4 and N_2O exchange under N addition. Our results showed that soil NH4^＋-N and NO3^--N increased after N addition, but CO_2 emissions in N addition plots remained unaffected. CH_4 uptake in N–, P–, NP–, NH– and NPH–addition plots were reduced by 21.1%, 15.7%, 39.1%, 26.6%, and 28.4%, respectively. CH_4 uptake in NP–addition plots were lower compared to N–addition and P–addition plots, indicating that N and P addition had an additive effect on inhibiting CH_4 uptake. N_2O emission in N–, NP–, NH– and NPH–addition plots increased by 158.6%, 176.0%, 117.2%, and 91.8%, respectively. N_2O emissions in NPH–addition plots were lower compared to NP–addition plots while showed no difference between N–addition and NH–addition plots. This suggests that only under P rich conditions, acid addition would greatly mitigate N_2O emissions under N addition. Our results demonstrate that for N and P co-limited forest ecosystems with acidic soils, low P availability constrains the inhibition of soil CH_4 uptake by N deposition. When P availability is low, a weak soil acidation induced by N deposition may have less influence on the stimulation of N_2O emissions by N deposition.