Bats account for 30% of mammal diversity in SE Asia and are potential bioindicators of wider biodiversity impacts resulting from habitat loss and climate change. As existing sampling techniques in the region typically...Bats account for 30% of mammal diversity in SE Asia and are potential bioindicators of wider biodiversity impacts resulting from habitat loss and climate change. As existing sampling techniques in the region typically fail to record bats that habitually fly in open areas and at higher altitudes, current inventory efforts are less than comprehensive. Acoustic sampling with bat detectors may help to overcome these limitations for insectivorous bats, but has yet to be tested in mainland SE Asia. To do so, we sampled bats while simultaneously recording the echolocation calls of insectivorous species commuting and foraging in a variety of karst habitats in north Vietnam. Monitoring of cave-dwelling bats was also undertaken. Discriminant function analysis of 367 echolocation calls produced by 30 insectivorous species showed that acoustic identification was feasible by correctly classifying 89. 1% of calls. In all habitats, acoustic sampling and capture methods recorded significantly more species each night than capture methods alone. Capture methods consequently failed to record 29% （ten spp. of aerial insectivores） of the bat fauna in commuting and foraging habitats and 11% （two spp. ） of that in our cave sample. Only four of these species were subsequently captured following significantly greater sampling effort. This strongly suggests that acoustic methods are indispensable for maximizing bat inventory completeness in SE Asia. As accurate inventories and monitoring are essential for effective species conservation, we recommend the inclusion of acoustic sampling in future studies of bat assemblages across the region [ Current Zoology 55 （5） ： 327 - 341, 2009].展开更多
A sero epidemiological survey on 1 833 healthy residents was carried out in 6 villages of a leprosy high endemic area in Wenshan and Guangnan counties, Yunnan Province. The part of the r...A sero epidemiological survey on 1 833 healthy residents was carried out in 6 villages of a leprosy high endemic area in Wenshan and Guangnan counties, Yunnan Province. The part of the residents with initially antibody positive as well as the part of residents with initially antibody negative have been followed up for 3 consecutive years by serology and clinical examination for studying kinetic changes of antibody to M.leprae and its relation with clinical disease. The results showed that the rates of subclinical infection of leprosy in a high endemic area are different from village to village, and the risk of developing clinical disease does not associate with subclinical infection rate. It correlates with the number of cured accumulative leprosy cases and active cases within the village. The authors consider that in leprosy high endemic villages, especially those cropped up new multi bacillary leprosy cases frequently in recent years, it may be helpful to use serology to detect early leprosy cases.展开更多
Hepatic lipidosis is a common lesion in chelonians and may be related with vitellogenesis, hyperparathyroidism, follicular stasis, fatty diets or lacking nutrients, sedentary life and obesity, bacterial toxins in live...Hepatic lipidosis is a common lesion in chelonians and may be related with vitellogenesis, hyperparathyroidism, follicular stasis, fatty diets or lacking nutrients, sedentary life and obesity, bacterial toxins in liver and starvation. Clinical signs are unspecific. Routine biochemical tests don＇t have specificity and it is better defined through biopsy. The objective was evaluated the biochemical hepatic profile of red footed tortoises （Chelonoidis carbonaria） with the histopathological findings of lipidosis by laparoscopic biopsy. Samples of blood were collected for biochemistry of thirty-six animals from two different groups, twenty animals from a zoo and sixteen from a breeder. The animals were submitted to liver biopsy by videolaparoscopy. Three fragments were collected, two of them were processed by histology and one went to electron microscopy. Nineteen tortoises from the zoo had lipidosis in laparoscopy and macrovesicular degeneration. Fifteen tortoises from the breeder had microvesicular degeneration. The diagnosis of steatosis was confirmed by electron microscopy. There was no statistical difference of aspartate aminotransferase levels between the two groups; however there was significant difference of triglycerides levels. The enzymatic activity of transaminases is not related to the histological grading of lipidosis in tortoises, however triglycerides levels are higher in animals with more severe gradation.展开更多
Genotyping 42 serum samples taken from the pigs in the oubreaks from 2009 to 2013 with RT-PCR and nested RT-PCR, showed more than 80% of samples were positive with Chinese PRRSV clade, and the others were European and...Genotyping 42 serum samples taken from the pigs in the oubreaks from 2009 to 2013 with RT-PCR and nested RT-PCR, showed more than 80% of samples were positive with Chinese PRRSV clade, and the others were European and North American classical PRRSV genotypes. Ten serum samples from unnapprent PRRS herds were examined for antibodies against PRRSV with ELISA and also for PRRSV with RT-PCR. It was clearly that the titer of antibodies against PRRSV by ELISA test could not be used for interpreting PRRSV infection. In despite of PRRS vaccination or non-vaccination, a risk of PRRSV infection and re-infection exist, utilizing RT-PCR in combination with serology will give the producer and veterinarian PRRSV more exact situation in the herds.展开更多
Today’s Chinese and Japanese scholars have maintained close dialogues and exchanges in their research on ancient Chinese history.The socioeconomic history of the Jiangnan region during the Ming and Qing dynasties inv...Today’s Chinese and Japanese scholars have maintained close dialogues and exchanges in their research on ancient Chinese history.The socioeconomic history of the Jiangnan region during the Ming and Qing dynasties involves two important research areas:regional history and socioeconomic history.Whereas the former embraces a holistic macro-view,the latter lays stress on the economic and social behavior of humankind.Over past years,endeavors to combine the two areas have produced a number of influential general conclusions on the social development of Jiangnan during the Ming and Qing.Professor Mori Masao,a Japanese scholar,has provided an in-depth interpretation of the theory of regional society,while Professor Zheng Zhenman,a Chinese scholar,has responded in terms of xiangzu theory.Long-term dialogues and exchanges in the international academic world that inspire theoretical innovation in studies of earlier societies can serve as a valuable source for the intellectual community.展开更多
The area along the Grear Wall in northern Shaanxi between the Loess Plateau and the Ordos Desert is one of the major agrarian-pastoral regions of northwest China. Historically, the land was fought over by the nomadic ...The area along the Grear Wall in northern Shaanxi between the Loess Plateau and the Ordos Desert is one of the major agrarian-pastoral regions of northwest China. Historically, the land was fought over by the nomadic and the agrarian peoples of the region. The Yansui section of the Ming Great Wall and thirty-nine fortified encampments along it were built during fighting between the Mongols and the Han people. As all of them were located along communication lines vital to economic development, they played an important role in politics, the economy and transport over three hundred years of Ming and Qing rule. However, they fell into disuse in the late Qing and the Republican period and are now in ruins. The main reason underlying their decline was that the sites had been chosen for their defensive value, so the subsequent northern expansion of China’s borders and structural changes in the border economy hastened their decline. Thus the rise and fall of these fortified towns at the intersection of the agrarian and the pastoral regions was closely related to imperial political and military activity and was in line with ethnic and tribal movements and migrations and the evolution of civilizations. In sum, the reasons behind the demise of these fortified towns and camps were highly complex and usually involved multiple factors.展开更多
基金Lam Quang Oanh and Nguyen Tien Dung of Kim Hy Nature Reserve,Nong The Dzien and Bui Van Dinh of Ba Be National Park and Trieu Van Luc of Bac Kan Provincial Forest Protection Department for arranging research permissions(No.317/UBND-NVand631/UBND-NV)
文摘Bats account for 30% of mammal diversity in SE Asia and are potential bioindicators of wider biodiversity impacts resulting from habitat loss and climate change. As existing sampling techniques in the region typically fail to record bats that habitually fly in open areas and at higher altitudes, current inventory efforts are less than comprehensive. Acoustic sampling with bat detectors may help to overcome these limitations for insectivorous bats, but has yet to be tested in mainland SE Asia. To do so, we sampled bats while simultaneously recording the echolocation calls of insectivorous species commuting and foraging in a variety of karst habitats in north Vietnam. Monitoring of cave-dwelling bats was also undertaken. Discriminant function analysis of 367 echolocation calls produced by 30 insectivorous species showed that acoustic identification was feasible by correctly classifying 89. 1% of calls. In all habitats, acoustic sampling and capture methods recorded significantly more species each night than capture methods alone. Capture methods consequently failed to record 29% （ten spp. of aerial insectivores） of the bat fauna in commuting and foraging habitats and 11% （two spp. ） of that in our cave sample. Only four of these species were subsequently captured following significantly greater sampling effort. This strongly suggests that acoustic methods are indispensable for maximizing bat inventory completeness in SE Asia. As accurate inventories and monitoring are essential for effective species conservation, we recommend the inclusion of acoustic sampling in future studies of bat assemblages across the region [ Current Zoology 55 （5） ： 327 - 341, 2009].
文摘A sero epidemiological survey on 1 833 healthy residents was carried out in 6 villages of a leprosy high endemic area in Wenshan and Guangnan counties, Yunnan Province. The part of the residents with initially antibody positive as well as the part of residents with initially antibody negative have been followed up for 3 consecutive years by serology and clinical examination for studying kinetic changes of antibody to M.leprae and its relation with clinical disease. The results showed that the rates of subclinical infection of leprosy in a high endemic area are different from village to village, and the risk of developing clinical disease does not associate with subclinical infection rate. It correlates with the number of cured accumulative leprosy cases and active cases within the village. The authors consider that in leprosy high endemic villages, especially those cropped up new multi bacillary leprosy cases frequently in recent years, it may be helpful to use serology to detect early leprosy cases.
文摘Hepatic lipidosis is a common lesion in chelonians and may be related with vitellogenesis, hyperparathyroidism, follicular stasis, fatty diets or lacking nutrients, sedentary life and obesity, bacterial toxins in liver and starvation. Clinical signs are unspecific. Routine biochemical tests don＇t have specificity and it is better defined through biopsy. The objective was evaluated the biochemical hepatic profile of red footed tortoises （Chelonoidis carbonaria） with the histopathological findings of lipidosis by laparoscopic biopsy. Samples of blood were collected for biochemistry of thirty-six animals from two different groups, twenty animals from a zoo and sixteen from a breeder. The animals were submitted to liver biopsy by videolaparoscopy. Three fragments were collected, two of them were processed by histology and one went to electron microscopy. Nineteen tortoises from the zoo had lipidosis in laparoscopy and macrovesicular degeneration. Fifteen tortoises from the breeder had microvesicular degeneration. The diagnosis of steatosis was confirmed by electron microscopy. There was no statistical difference of aspartate aminotransferase levels between the two groups; however there was significant difference of triglycerides levels. The enzymatic activity of transaminases is not related to the histological grading of lipidosis in tortoises, however triglycerides levels are higher in animals with more severe gradation.
文摘Genotyping 42 serum samples taken from the pigs in the oubreaks from 2009 to 2013 with RT-PCR and nested RT-PCR, showed more than 80% of samples were positive with Chinese PRRSV clade, and the others were European and North American classical PRRSV genotypes. Ten serum samples from unnapprent PRRS herds were examined for antibodies against PRRSV with ELISA and also for PRRSV with RT-PCR. It was clearly that the titer of antibodies against PRRSV by ELISA test could not be used for interpreting PRRSV infection. In despite of PRRS vaccination or non-vaccination, a risk of PRRSV infection and re-infection exist, utilizing RT-PCR in combination with serology will give the producer and veterinarian PRRSV more exact situation in the herds.
文摘Today’s Chinese and Japanese scholars have maintained close dialogues and exchanges in their research on ancient Chinese history.The socioeconomic history of the Jiangnan region during the Ming and Qing dynasties involves two important research areas:regional history and socioeconomic history.Whereas the former embraces a holistic macro-view,the latter lays stress on the economic and social behavior of humankind.Over past years,endeavors to combine the two areas have produced a number of influential general conclusions on the social development of Jiangnan during the Ming and Qing.Professor Mori Masao,a Japanese scholar,has provided an in-depth interpretation of the theory of regional society,while Professor Zheng Zhenman,a Chinese scholar,has responded in terms of xiangzu theory.Long-term dialogues and exchanges in the international academic world that inspire theoretical innovation in studies of earlier societies can serve as a valuable source for the intellectual community.
文摘The area along the Grear Wall in northern Shaanxi between the Loess Plateau and the Ordos Desert is one of the major agrarian-pastoral regions of northwest China. Historically, the land was fought over by the nomadic and the agrarian peoples of the region. The Yansui section of the Ming Great Wall and thirty-nine fortified encampments along it were built during fighting between the Mongols and the Han people. As all of them were located along communication lines vital to economic development, they played an important role in politics, the economy and transport over three hundred years of Ming and Qing rule. However, they fell into disuse in the late Qing and the Republican period and are now in ruins. The main reason underlying their decline was that the sites had been chosen for their defensive value, so the subsequent northern expansion of China’s borders and structural changes in the border economy hastened their decline. Thus the rise and fall of these fortified towns at the intersection of the agrarian and the pastoral regions was closely related to imperial political and military activity and was in line with ethnic and tribal movements and migrations and the evolution of civilizations. In sum, the reasons behind the demise of these fortified towns and camps were highly complex and usually involved multiple factors.
