清式木建筑透榫节点加固方法的试验研究

我国传统木结构建筑的各构件间主要采用榫卯连接,这种节点形式在较大水平地震作用下容易出现局部拔榫、节点松脱现象,不利于结构的稳定和承载。为此针对榫卯节点的抗震性能及加固进行试验研究。依据清工部《工程做法则例》设计制作了4个足尺透榫节点试件,其中3个试件分别采用竹斜撑、角钢和碳纤维(简称CFRP)布进行加固。在改进榫卯节点拟静力试验装置的基础上完成了低周反复荷载试验,分析了对比节点和加固节点的破坏机理、承载力、延性、刚度退化、耗能和榫头拔出过程。试验结果表明,竹斜撑、角钢和CFRP布加固节点的正向峰值荷载较对比节点分别提高了92.4%、54.6%和63.0%,反向峰值荷载则分别提高了61.5%、75.7%和39.0%。对比节点和角钢加固节点初期刚度基本相同,且随转角增加出现先增大后减小的过程;竹斜撑加固和碳纤维布加固节点的初始刚度显著大于对比节点,随着转角的增加呈单调减少。此外,竹斜撑和角钢加固节点的榫头拔出长度明显小于相同转角下对比节点的榫头拔出长度,表明竹斜撑和角钢均起到了延缓榫头拔出的作用。

Structural Carpentry in Qing Dynasty-A Framework for the Hierarchically Modularized Chinese Timber Structural Design

This article, by using mathematical expressions, offers a scientific framework for understanding how the grading system of Qing′s structural carpentry determines the design and construction in the grand style timber architecture.The Qing′s grand style timber structure, which is ready for prefabrication and assembly, is extremely hierarchical oriented and significantly standardized. The general procedure in designing a grand style timber structure is to start with the grade that defines the basic module (dou kou); next comes with the number of bracket set (cuan), the number of longitudinal bays and the number of purlins which affect its plan and cross section; thirdly choose a roof type that determines its longitudinal section and the facade as well. A series of formulae are conducted to help depict the layout, cross sectional roof curvature and special longitudinal treatments in 4 sloped and 9 spined roofs respectively.