Objective Several studies have examined the relationships between dietary potassium and sodium and hypertension, but few have evaluated the association between serum potassium or sodium and risk of incident hypertensi...Objective Several studies have examined the relationships between dietary potassium and sodium and hypertension, but few have evaluated the association between serum potassium or sodium and risk of incident hypertension. We therefore investigated the associations between serum potassium and sodium and risk of incident hypertension in a Chinese community-based population. Methods A total of 839 normotensive individuals without cardiovascular disease from the Chinese Multi-Provincial Cohort Study who took part in the baseline examination in 2007-2008 and the follow-up survey in 2012-2013 were included in this study. Odds ratios （OR） and 95% confidence intervals （95%CI） for baseline serum potassium and sodium in relation to the risk of new-onset hypertension were evaluated using multivari- ate logistic regression models. Results During five years of follow-up, 218 （26.0%） individuals progressed to hypertension. Logistic re- gression adjusting for multiple confounders showed that every 1 mEq/L increment in baseline serum potassium level was associated with a 75% increased risk of hypertension （OR： 1.75; 95%CI： 1.01-3.04; P = 0.04）. Compared with adults with serum potassium level of 4.20-4.79 mEq/L, adults with level 〉 4.80 mEq/L had an 84% increased risk of hypertension （OR： 1.84; 95%CI： 1.14-2.96; P = 0.01）. There was no significant association between serum sodium and risk of hypertension （OR： 0.96; 95%CI： 0.89-1.04; P = 0.33）. Conclusions Base- line serum potassium level, but not baseline serum sodium level, was positively related to the risk of incident hypertension in the Chinese population.展开更多
The cleaning parameters affecting cleaning rate using pure waterjets to clean road surface was researched. A mathematical model for predicting cleaning rate was established using fuzzy mathematical method. A fuzzy rul...The cleaning parameters affecting cleaning rate using pure waterjets to clean road surface was researched. A mathematical model for predicting cleaning rate was established using fuzzy mathematical method. A fuzzy rule base character-izing the relationship between input and output parameters was built through experiments. The prediction of cleaning rate was achieved under the condition of given input parameters by rule-based fuzzy reasoning. The prediction results were analyzed through experimental verification.展开更多
The fuzzy mathematic model was used to evaluate the water quality of six sections in the upper reaches of the Qingshui River Basin. The results showed that tiie water of grade I accounted for a high proportion, with m...The fuzzy mathematic model was used to evaluate the water quality of six sections in the upper reaches of the Qingshui River Basin. The results showed that tiie water of grade I accounted for a high proportion, with mild pollution and strong self-deaning ability; the pollutants （f.g. ammonium nitrogen, total phosphorus and fluoride） at each section mainly came from phosphate mines and phosphorus chemical companies; and the water quaEty among different sections was in the order Chayuan, Xingren Bridge, Xiasi, Locomotive Section, Yingpan, Panghai （from superiority to inferiority）. This study has important reference values fof improving the water envifonment, saf^uarding the safely of drinkiiig water supply and scientifically preventing and conttolling water pollution, in the basin.展开更多
文摘Objective Several studies have examined the relationships between dietary potassium and sodium and hypertension, but few have evaluated the association between serum potassium or sodium and risk of incident hypertension. We therefore investigated the associations between serum potassium and sodium and risk of incident hypertension in a Chinese community-based population. Methods A total of 839 normotensive individuals without cardiovascular disease from the Chinese Multi-Provincial Cohort Study who took part in the baseline examination in 2007-2008 and the follow-up survey in 2012-2013 were included in this study. Odds ratios （OR） and 95% confidence intervals （95%CI） for baseline serum potassium and sodium in relation to the risk of new-onset hypertension were evaluated using multivari- ate logistic regression models. Results During five years of follow-up, 218 （26.0%） individuals progressed to hypertension. Logistic re- gression adjusting for multiple confounders showed that every 1 mEq/L increment in baseline serum potassium level was associated with a 75% increased risk of hypertension （OR： 1.75; 95%CI： 1.01-3.04; P = 0.04）. Compared with adults with serum potassium level of 4.20-4.79 mEq/L, adults with level 〉 4.80 mEq/L had an 84% increased risk of hypertension （OR： 1.84; 95%CI： 1.14-2.96; P = 0.01）. There was no significant association between serum sodium and risk of hypertension （OR： 0.96; 95%CI： 0.89-1.04; P = 0.33）. Conclusions Base- line serum potassium level, but not baseline serum sodium level, was positively related to the risk of incident hypertension in the Chinese population.
文摘The cleaning parameters affecting cleaning rate using pure waterjets to clean road surface was researched. A mathematical model for predicting cleaning rate was established using fuzzy mathematical method. A fuzzy rule base character-izing the relationship between input and output parameters was built through experiments. The prediction of cleaning rate was achieved under the condition of given input parameters by rule-based fuzzy reasoning. The prediction results were analyzed through experimental verification.
基金Sponsored by Scientific and Technological Cooperation Project of Guizhou Province(LH20157758)Youth Science and Technology Talent Growth Project of Education Department of Guizhou Province(KY[2017]336)
文摘The fuzzy mathematic model was used to evaluate the water quality of six sections in the upper reaches of the Qingshui River Basin. The results showed that tiie water of grade I accounted for a high proportion, with mild pollution and strong self-deaning ability; the pollutants （f.g. ammonium nitrogen, total phosphorus and fluoride） at each section mainly came from phosphate mines and phosphorus chemical companies; and the water quaEty among different sections was in the order Chayuan, Xingren Bridge, Xiasi, Locomotive Section, Yingpan, Panghai （from superiority to inferiority）. This study has important reference values fof improving the water envifonment, saf^uarding the safely of drinkiiig water supply and scientifically preventing and conttolling water pollution, in the basin.
