推进城镇产业发展与城镇空间环境建设

城镇化是经济社会发展的必然趋势,其对促进中国经济发展和社会进步有着重要和深远的意义。党的十八大和十八届三中全会提出了坚持走具有中国特色的新型城镇化道路。新型城镇化的核心是"人"的城镇化,实现新型城镇化的关键,在于通过产业发展提供足够的就业机会,发挥产业集聚效应。当前,我国产业发展过程中存在诸多问题,如发展的同质化和重复布局、创新能力总体上处于较低层次、产业断层化、产业高能耗、高污染等。尤其是产业发展带来的环境污染问题已成为人民群众"心肺之患",环境保护迫切需要从末端治理向"污染防治—清洁生产—生态产业—生态基础设施—生态政区"五同步的生态文明建设转型。在建设新型城镇化过程中,如何兼顾产业发展和环境保护,需要进行深入研究,探索出切实可行的发展对策,这是关乎国家发展和人民幸福安康的大事。基于此,本刊诚邀部分专家发表高见,以期对我国经济社会发展能有所裨益。

专注节能环保 为建设和谐社会贡献力量(摘要)

发展绿色经济需要产业和技术的支撑。绿色经济是以市场为导向,以传统产业经济为基础,以经济与环境的和谐为目的而发展起来的一种新的经济形势,是产业经济为顺应人类环保和健康的需要表现出来的一种发展形态。

Process Development and Design of Chlorine Dioxide Production Based on Hydrogen Peroxide

This paper presents a process development and design of chlorine dioxide production based on hydrogen peroxide. The process is characterized by cleaner production, high efficiency, and waste minimization. Optimization of process conditions, selection of equipment, and experiment of recycle of waste acid are carried out. The process design is realized in consideration of several aspects such as operation, material, equipment design and safety. An industrialized process flowsheet is developed according to experiment. A pilot testing is carried out to confirm the lab results. Process design of chlorine dioxide production based on hydrogen peroxide is realized.

Development of a Fuel-flexible Co-gasification Technology

As one of promising clean coal technologies used to reduce pollutant emission and CO2 discharge, co gasification has been extensively investigated. In this paper, a new co-gasification technology using coal and natural gas was developed. The distinct advantages of this technology are the excellent fuel flexibility and the availability to establish the gasifier by reconstructing the blast furnace or similar shaft furnace. Based on the concept of the new co-gasification technology, lab-scale experiments and modeling study were carried out. The obtained results indicate that gasification is undertaken at ideal thermodynamic environment where quasi-equilibrium could be reached without catalysts. The modeling results are in agreement with experimental data, demonstrating the validity of the model and that Aspen Plus is a useful tool for the analysis of the co-gasification process. Furthermore, the effect of major operation parameters, including oxygen flow rate and steam flow rate, on co-gasification process was investigated using the developed model.

Relationship between ecological economics and circular economy,eco-industry,cleaner production,and other relevant categories

Eco-industry, circular economy, cleaner production, industrial ecology or industrial ecosystem and other subjects are all categories related to sustainable developinent. This paper studies the relations and differences between the four categories and sustainable development as well as ecological economics. Circular economy, eco-industry, industrial ecosystem and cleaner production were put forward during the revolution in “end treatment pattern” of traditional industrial society. Industrial ecology, eco-industry and circular economy theory are three content expansions of cleaner production. Ecological economics is of instructive function theoretically and methodologically for circular economy, eco-industrial, cleaner production and industrial ecology. Circular economy theory is easier to be accepted, compared with ecological economics theory. And circular economy in nature is the complete application of ecological economics theory.

PREPARATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM TWO CHINESE ANTHRACITES IN THE PRESENCE OF OXIDATIVE ADDITIVES

This paper broke with the conventional ways of oxidizing and catalyzing. It researched a new way to prepare activated carbon from anthracites which employed oxidative additives. It investigated the effects of the additive on adsorption and activation rate of the resultant activated carbon. The results showed that the new additives not only improved the adsorptivity but also increased the activation rate greatly, which is able to decrease the preparation cost.

From Less or No Waste Manufacturing and Cleaner Production to Recycle Economy -- A Review on the Theoretical Research and Practice of Ecological Enterprises in China

Based on systematical research on the conception evolution of ecological enterprise, theoretical and practical development of constructing ecological enterprise, the paper makes conclusion that ecological enter- prises are developing into a new stage in which governments are launching some pilot projects about construct- ing ecological enterprises. And after that, governments should make policies to spread construction of ecological enterprises, to construct ecological enterprises in legal system and conforming to the standard as soon as possibly. So that, the basic units of ecological economy that fit to the conditions of China will be set up.

Evaluation methods of man-machine-environment system for clean and safe production in phosphorus mines: A case study

Phosphorus is an essential element in agricultural production and chemical industry. However, since the risk of casualties and economic loss by mining accidents, the application of clean and safe production in phosphorus mines encounters great challenges. For this purpose, a man-machine-environment system composed of evaluation indexes was established, and the grading standards of indexes were defined. Firstly, the measurements of 39 qualitative indexes were obtained through the survey data. According to the measured values of 31 quantitative indexes, the measurements of quantitative indexes were calculated by linear measurement function(LM) and other three functions. Then the singleindex measurement evaluation matrixes were established. Secondly, the entropy weight method was used to determine the weights of each index directly. The analytic hierarchy process(AHP) was also applied to calculate the weights of index and index factor hierarchies after the established hierarchical model. The weights of system hierarchies were given by the grid-based fuzzy Borda method(GFB). The comprehensive weights were determined by the combination method of AHP and GFB(CAG). Furthermore, the multi-index comprehensive measurement evaluation vectors were obtained.Thirdly, the vectors were evaluated by the credible degree recognition(CDR) and the maximum membership(TMM)criteria. Based on the above functions, methods, and criteria, 16 combination evaluation methods were recommended.Finally, the clean and safe production grade of Kaiyang phosphate mine in China was evaluated. The results show that the LM-CAG-CDR is the most reasonable method, which can not only determine the clean and safe production grade of phosphorus mines, but also improve the development level of clean and safe mining of phosphorus mines for guidance.In addition, some beneficial suggestions and measures were also proposed to advance the clean and safe production grade of Kaiyang phosphorus mine.

Medium-Pressure Hydro-upgrading (MHUG) Technology for Producing Clean Diesel Fuel

Abstract： This article introduces the development and application of the medium-pressure hydro-upgrading （MHUG） tech- nology developed by the Research Institute of Petroleum Processing （RIPP）. The MHUG technology based on the chemistry of diesel hydro-upgrading reactions has the advantages of flexible product slate and excellent product quality that can in- crease the cetane rating of diesel fuel up to more than 15 units. The hydrotreating and hydro-upgrading catalysts associated with the MHUG technology have outstanding performance to meet the demand of MHUG technology for hydro-saturation and selective ring-opening of aromatic rings. New MHUG process flow scheme can further increase the yield and selectivity of target products. Commercial application of multiple MHUG units has revealed that the MHUG technology designated for clean diesel production features good feedstock adaptability and operating stability.

Study on the evaluation system for the cleaner production of the mine

It is important to establish the evaluation system of the cleaner production of the mining enterprise, which canprovide the technical support and guidance for the cleaner production evaluation and facilitating the promotion ofcleaner productive techniques so as to realize the integration of economic development and environmental protection.This paper, according to the characteristic of mining and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), establishes the evaluationindex system, puts forward the overall quantitative evaluation method based on Fuzzy Mathematics and the experts’experience, and establishes the evaluation system of cleaner production. The main problems in cleaner production of themine are analyzed by calculation, and some countermeasures and suggestions are proposed.

IMPLEMENTATION OF CLEANER PRODUCTION STRATEGIES TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE CITY

Rapid urbanization and growing size of cities will have an increasing impact on the global environment in the 21st century. As an engine of urban development to drive economic growth and technological innovations, industry has moved its focus from controlling environmental hazards to stimulating sustainable industrial development throughout the entire product lifecycle. These process- and technology-driven innovations for industrial production are prerequisites for enhancement of urban environment and sustainable development of cities. In this review, problems of environment and resources scarcity associated with rapid urbanization are demonstrated. And, on the basis of expatiations on the concepts and policies of the cleaner production(CP) and other similar initiatives with the goal of preventing pollution at the source and of managing the raw material more efficiently, two different ways to link the practice of cleaner production in industrial sector with performance of urban environment are discussed in detail. Then, the introduction, practice and legislation of CP strategies in China are outlined, and possibility for China to develop CPC (Cleaner Practices for Cities) approaches in the demonstration cities is discussed. Finally, some suggestions on implementation of CPC strategies are put forward.

Clean production of chlorine from hydrogen chloride with Mn-compound as intermediate

A new process is developed by using compound Mn as intermediate to produce Cl2from HCl,with the following steps.(1)HCl steam is decomposed by intermediate Mn2O3to produce Cl2and Mn Cl2at 500°C.(2)Produced Mn Cl2is oxidized by water steam to produce Mn O at 450°C.(3)The Mn O compound is oxidized by air to yield Mn2O3.The X-ray diffraction(XRD)crystallite characterization results indicate the high conversion in each step under the optimum experimental conditions.Long term experiments for continuous conversion of HCl to Cl2by using Mn2O3as intermediate in a fixed bed reactor indicate that over 90%of HCl could be converted to Cl2on stream of 30 h.The production of Cl2from HCl with Mn compound as an intermediate and atmospheric steam is a feasible and recyclable process.

All Hydrogen Refinery with Zero Residue Discharge

This article summarizes the block process flow scheme for the 8.0 Mt/a refining project at Hainan Refining and Chemical Company, Ltd., highlighting a green route for processing sour heavy oils, and the enlarged scale of production with Chinese content. The refinery is targeted at hydrotreating of process streams, integration and intensified design of process units, clean gasoline and diesel production, centralized recovery and utilization of light ends and optimization of sulphur recovery systems.

Clean and Safe Supply of Fish and Shellfish to Clear the HACCP Regulation by Use of Clean and Cold Deep Ocean Water in Rausu,Hokkaido,Japan

For the supply of fish and shellfish to consumers in fresh condition, clean handling after catch from the sea is essential. According to HACCP （Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points）, it is important to meet such requirement by keeping fish and shellfish under a certain low temperature and clean conditions after catching. The deep ocean water （DOW） characterized by low temperature and cleanliness has been chosen for fish and shellfish handlings, particularly for salmon, cod, and sea urchin in Town ＇Rausu＇ in Hokkaido, Japan. DOW below 2.9℃ of an amount of nearly 5 000 m^3 is planned to be pumped up every day from a depth of about 350 m, and temporarily stored in a large simulated tank on land. DOW is then supplied to fish boats through hydrants distributed throughout the harbor and used for keeping salmon in clean and cold conditions. Ice made from DOW is also used for lowering temperature if necessary. DOW and ice made from DOW are also used during the transportation of fish and shellfish. The entire system is scheduled to be completed by the summer of 2005.

MQL:A New Way to Clean Production

Cost, the effect on the environment, and health issues are relevant when considering the choice of a lubricant and application system in a modern metal cutting process. This paper provided a general introduction to metalworking fluids, reviewed the benefits and negative effects attributed to the production of mist during cutting processes. Due to the increasing concern over workers exposed to cutting fluid mist, and to achieve the recommended exposure limit, much attention was focused on how to minimize or prevent the mist formation. Different proposed techniques were analyzed, each of them has its advantages and limitations. Finally, the benefits of minimum quantity of lubrication (MQL) technique over all other techniques were studied.

CHINA'S RECENT DEVELOPMENT IN COAL MINING,PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION

This paper describes the state-of-the-art and Outlook of coal mining and clean coal technology in China. As the major mining method,underground mining accounts for 96% of the total production. Among the state own mines, the percentage of mechanized mining reached 71 %. A rapid development of high-productive and high-profitable mines,especially those with longwall sublevel caving method, is described. The issues of heavy duty equipment, roof bolting,mine safety are also addressed. The Chinese government is paying more and more attention on the environmental problems inducing from coal mining,processing and utilization. A basic framework of clean coal technology is being formed and a wide range of technology is included.

Effects of cryogenic cold air jet cutting on chip break in metal machining

The half-dry cutting employs cryogenic compressed air cooled down to (10 to 40) and a micro-dosage of lubricating oil, called cryogenic cold air jet cutting was studied. On the basis of a comparative experiment on dry and cryogenic cold air jet cuttings carried out for grade 45 steel, the effects of cryogenic cold air jet on the breaking of chips were discussed. The experimental results reveal that in the valid ranges of pressure and temperature, the cryogenic cold air jet widens the chip breaking areas effectively. When the cutting depth is not greater than 1 mm, the influence of chip breaking is much more significant. But different injecting angle of cold air has different influence on the chip-break. From the experiment, the optimized jet injecting angle, temperature effecting range and pressure working range of cold air are obtained. These results can offer a foundation for industrial manufacturing.

Design of forecast system of mining damage in mining areas and its realization

Exploited the forecast system of mining damages, which uses the theory of clean-production in coal-areas as guide. Its aims is developing and using coal resource reasonably and reducing the damage to the environment.

The MIP Technology and Its Commercial Application

This article introduces the specifics of the MIP technology involving respectively the case for production of clean gasoline, the case for producing clean gasoline coupled with production of diesel and the case for producing gasoline with increased output of propylene. The performance of the MIP units that were in operation was wrapped up. Test results have shown that the MIP technology is characterized by improved product distribution as evidenced by the reduced yields of dry gas and slurry and the increased total liquid yield; the upgraded product quality as evidenced by the reduced olefin and sulphur contents in gasoline; and the more ideal techno-economic indicators as evidenced by the reduced unit consumption of catalyst and the reduced energy consumption of the process unit.

Environmental Strategies for Design of Sustainable Buildings in Technique of Green Eco-Architecture

Architecture is defined as a symbiosis of function, aesthetics, technology and economics. This paper introduces the concept of development of technology in architecture for a sustainable society. The concept is based on a systemic link building-climate-energy. The scientific analysis of this link allows us to define three technical levels of modern architecture. The lowest level is represented by low energy architecture that gives priority to the element of energy. Climate is defined only by physical parameters here. It is characterized by the production of emissions that deplete the Biocapacity of the Earth. Higher level of architecture is represented by green architecture which gives equal priority to both energy and ecology. Climate is defined by physical and chemical parameters here. It is characterized by the tendency of reduction of emissions production and move towards environmentally clean energy, material and water sources. Sustainable architecture represents the target program of development of human settlements in the interaction of society-energy-ecology. It is characterized by the balance of categories nature-man-technology and by minimizing the emissions production to the extent of their coverage by the Earth＇s ecosystems. This paper introduces design strategy for green building. The basic structure of the strategy defines, and internal structure of the strategy emphasizes, principles and concepts of green buildings. In this strategy, the vital role is played by renewable energy sources as a production technology of the capital provided to man by nature.