Based on forest inventory data (FID) at sublot level,we estimated the carbon sequestration in forest vegetation of Beijing,China in 2009.In this study,the carbon sequestration in forest vegetation at sublot level was ...Based on forest inventory data (FID) at sublot level,we estimated the carbon sequestration in forest vegetation of Beijing,China in 2009.In this study,the carbon sequestration in forest vegetation at sublot level was calculated based on net biomass production (ΔB) which was estimated with biomass of each sublot and function relationships between ΔB and biomass.The biomass of forested land was calculated with biomass expansion factors (BEFs) method,while those of shrub land and other forest land types were estimated with biomass,coverage and height of referred shrubs and shrub coverage and height of each sublot.As one of special forested land types,the biomass of economic tree land was calculated with biomass per tree and tree number.The variation of carbon sequestration in forest vegetation with altitude,species and stand age was also investigated in this study.The results indicate that the carbon sequestration in forest vegetation in Beijing is 4.12 × 106 tC/yr,with the average rate of 3.94 tC/(ha·yr).About 56.91% of the total carbon sequestration in forest vegetation is supported by the forest in the plain with an altitude of < 60 m and the low mountainous areas with an altitude from 400 m to 800 m.The carbon sequestration rate in forest vegetation is the highest in the plain area with an altitude of < 60 m and decreased significantly in the transitional area from the low plain to the low mountainous area with an altitude ranging from 200 m to 400 m due to intensive human disturbance.The carbon sequestration of Populus spp.forest and Quercus spp.forest are relatively higher than those of other plant species,accounting for 25.33% of the total.The carbon sequestration in vegetation by the forest of < 40 years amounts to 45.38% of the total.The carbon sequestration rate in forest vegetation peaks at the stand age of 30–40 years.Therefore,it would be crucial for enhancing the capability of carbon sequestration in forest vegetation to protect the forest in Beijing,to limit human disturbance in the transitional area from the plain to the low mountain area,and to foster the newly established open forest.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To analyze the expression and levels of serum proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha （TNF-α）, and interleukin （IL）-6 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）, who recei...OBJECTIVE To analyze the expression and levels of serum proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha （TNF-α）, and interleukin （IL）-6 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）, who received orthotopic liver transplantation （OLT）.METHODS The blood samples of 20 consecutive HCC patients who underwent liver transplantation were detected and analyzed for the clinical serum biochemical parameters, TNF-α and IL-6.Blood samples were drawn from the radial artery at planned time points： preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively.Levels of serum TNF-α and IL-6 were detected with enzymelinked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）.RESULTS The levels of serum TNF-αand IL-6 increased significantly at reperfusion phase compared with those detected preoperatively （P 〈 0.01）, and the level of serum IL-6 remained significantly higher until the third day after the liver transplantation. There was a significant correlation between TNF-αand IL-6 （P〈0.001）.CONCLUSION This research into the effects of the proinflammatory cytokines on liver transplantation has provided new insights into the mechanisms of ischemia and reperfusion injury to OLT.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30770410,31070384)Autonomous Planned Innovation Project of Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.200905010)
文摘Based on forest inventory data (FID) at sublot level,we estimated the carbon sequestration in forest vegetation of Beijing,China in 2009.In this study,the carbon sequestration in forest vegetation at sublot level was calculated based on net biomass production (ΔB) which was estimated with biomass of each sublot and function relationships between ΔB and biomass.The biomass of forested land was calculated with biomass expansion factors (BEFs) method,while those of shrub land and other forest land types were estimated with biomass,coverage and height of referred shrubs and shrub coverage and height of each sublot.As one of special forested land types,the biomass of economic tree land was calculated with biomass per tree and tree number.The variation of carbon sequestration in forest vegetation with altitude,species and stand age was also investigated in this study.The results indicate that the carbon sequestration in forest vegetation in Beijing is 4.12 × 106 tC/yr,with the average rate of 3.94 tC/(ha·yr).About 56.91% of the total carbon sequestration in forest vegetation is supported by the forest in the plain with an altitude of < 60 m and the low mountainous areas with an altitude from 400 m to 800 m.The carbon sequestration rate in forest vegetation is the highest in the plain area with an altitude of < 60 m and decreased significantly in the transitional area from the low plain to the low mountainous area with an altitude ranging from 200 m to 400 m due to intensive human disturbance.The carbon sequestration of Populus spp.forest and Quercus spp.forest are relatively higher than those of other plant species,accounting for 25.33% of the total.The carbon sequestration in vegetation by the forest of < 40 years amounts to 45.38% of the total.The carbon sequestration rate in forest vegetation peaks at the stand age of 30–40 years.Therefore,it would be crucial for enhancing the capability of carbon sequestration in forest vegetation to protect the forest in Beijing,to limit human disturbance in the transitional area from the plain to the low mountain area,and to foster the newly established open forest.
文摘OBJECTIVE To analyze the expression and levels of serum proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha （TNF-α）, and interleukin （IL）-6 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）, who received orthotopic liver transplantation （OLT）.METHODS The blood samples of 20 consecutive HCC patients who underwent liver transplantation were detected and analyzed for the clinical serum biochemical parameters, TNF-α and IL-6.Blood samples were drawn from the radial artery at planned time points： preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively.Levels of serum TNF-α and IL-6 were detected with enzymelinked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）.RESULTS The levels of serum TNF-αand IL-6 increased significantly at reperfusion phase compared with those detected preoperatively （P 〈 0.01）, and the level of serum IL-6 remained significantly higher until the third day after the liver transplantation. There was a significant correlation between TNF-αand IL-6 （P〈0.001）.CONCLUSION This research into the effects of the proinflammatory cytokines on liver transplantation has provided new insights into the mechanisms of ischemia and reperfusion injury to OLT.
