中俄市场营销视域下的清球市场发展趋势分析

本次课题是围绕中俄市场产品营销环境,推出一款替代口香糖清洁口气的产品——清球,从而全面解决口香糖不可降解导致环境污染的问题,同时为中俄两国可持续发展的绿色经济体系构建贡献绵薄之力。本文分析了清球的配方及生产过程,并对清球同类产品在中俄两国市场占有率进行探究,从中总结同类产品在中俄市场中的营销策略,根据清球产品的特点制定出符合中俄两国市场的营销策略。

清球乳杆菌和乳酸片球菌混合发酵制备猪肉香肠的工艺研究

首先在单因素试验的基础上,采用Box-Behnken试验对清球乳杆菌和乳酸片球菌混合发酵制备猪肉香肠的工艺进行优化;然后制定产品质量标准。试验结果表明:清球乳杆菌和乳酸片球菌混合发酵制备猪肉香肠的最佳工艺参数为发酵时间19.8 h、烘烤温度79.6℃和烘烤时间5.3 h,此时感官得分为87.3;所得产品口味独特、营养丰富且风味良好。

新疆南部3种绵羊血清蛋白电泳分析

采用醋酸纤维素薄膜电泳法测定了新疆南部 3种绵羊血清蛋白及其各组份的含量。结果表明 :新疆南部肉脂兼用型多浪羊血清总蛋白含量高 ,清球比值低。羔皮型卡拉库尔羊清球比较高。但 3种绵羊血清总蛋白含量和清球比的差异均不显著。而位于高寒区的肉脂兼用型巴音布鲁克羊γ 球蛋白的含量明显高于其他 2种绵羊 。

新疆南部三种绵羊血清蛋白电泳分析

采用醋酸纤维素薄膜电泳法测定了新疆南部三种绵羊血清蛋白及其各组份的含量。结果表明 :新疆南部肉脂兼用型多浪羊血清总蛋白含量高 ,清球比值低。羔皮型卡拉库尔羊清球比较高。但三种绵羊血清总蛋白含量和清球比的差异均不显著。而位于高寒区的肉脂兼用型巴音布鲁克羊γ -球蛋白的含量明显高于其它两种绵羊 ,差异显著。

南疆三种绵羊血清蛋白电泳分析

本研究采用醋酸纤维素薄膜电泳法测定了新疆南部三种绵羊血清蛋白及其各组份的含量。结果表明 :新疆南部肉脂兼用型多浪羊血清总蛋白含量高 ,清球比值低。羔皮型卡拉库尔羊清球比高。但三种绵羊血清总蛋白含量和清球比的差异均不显著。而位于高寒区的肉脂兼用型巴音布鲁克羊γ -球蛋白的含量明显高于其它两种绵羊 ,差异显著。

Hepcidin-25 negatively predicts left ventricular mass index in chronic kidney disease patients

AIM： To assess the correlation between the serum hep-cidin-25 level and left ventricular mass index.METHODS： This study was a cross-sectional study conducted between March 2009 and April 2010. Demo-graphic and biochemical data, including the serum hep-cidin-25 level, were collected for chronic kidney disease （CKD） patients. Two-dimensional echocardiography was performed to determine the left ventricle mass （LVM）, left ventricular mass index （LVMI）, interventricular septum thickness （IVSd）, left ventricle posterior wall thickness （LVPW）, right ventricular dimension （RVD）, left atrium （LA） and ejection fraction （EF）.RESULTS： A total of 146 patients with stage 1 to 5 CKD were enrolled. Serum hepcidin-25 levels were 16.51 ± 5.2, 17.59 ± 5.32, 17.38 ± 6.47, 19.98 ± 4.98 and 22.03 ± 4.8 ng/mL for stage 1 to 5 CKD patients, respectively. Hepcidin-25 level was independently pre-dicted by the serum ferritin level （β = 0.6, P = 0.002） and the estimated glomerular fltration rate （β = -0.48, P = 0.04）. There were negative correlations between the serum hepcidin level and the LVM and LVMI （ P = 0.04 and P = 0.005, respectively）. Systolic blood pressure （BP） was positively correlated with the LVMI （ P = 0.005）. In the multivariate analysis, a decreased serum hepci-din-25 level was independently associated with a higher LVMI （β = -0.28, 95%CI： -0.48 - -0.02, P = 0.006） after adjusting for body mass index, age and systolic BP.CONCLUSION： A lower serum hepcidin level is associ-ated with a higher LVMI in CKD patients. Low hepcidin levels may be independently correlated with unfavor-able cardiovascular outcomes in this population.

Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) Microspheres Containing Methotrexate (MTX) I.Pharmaceutical Aspects

Microspheres Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were produced by emulsion technique.Microsphere I was solidified by glutaraldehyde crosslinking,microsphere Ⅱ was solidified by glutaraldehyde crosslinking and further treated with glycine solution and microsphere Illwas solidified by heating denaturation only.The results showed that the microsphere diameter produced by cross[inking was bigger than that prepared by heating.The microsphere Ⅱ had higher hydrophilicity than Microsphere I had.The methotrexate (MTX) contents in microspheres Ⅰ and Ⅱ were 2.73±0.053%,2.87±0.119% respectively. microsphere Ⅲ was only blank microspheres with MTX adsorbed on their surfaces.In vitro release studies,microspheres I and I have maintained sustained release of MTX till the next day,it was found that the drug releases from microspheres Ⅰ and Ⅱ were governed by Higuchi diffusion law.

Differences between diffuse and focal autoimmune pancreatitis

AIM:To investigate differences in clinical features between diffuse-and focal-type autoimmune pancreatitis(AIP).METHODS:Based on radiological findings by computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging,we divided 67 AIP patients into diffuse type(D type) and focal type(F type).We further divided F type into head type(H type) and body and/or tail type(B/T type) according to the location of enlargement.Finally,we classified the 67 AIP patients into three groups:D type,H type and B/T type.We compared the three types of AIP in terms of clinical,laboratory,radiological,functional and histological findings and clinical course.RESULTS:There were 34 patients with D-type,19 with H-type and 14 with B/T-type AIP.Although obstructive jaundice was frequently detected in D-typepatients(88%) and H-type patients(68%),no B/T-type patients showed jaundice as an initial symptom(P < 0.001).There were no differences in frequency of abdominal pain,but acute pancreatitis was associated more frequently in B/T-type patients(36%) than in D-type patients(3%)(P = 0.017).Serum immunoglobulin G(IgG)4 levels were significantly higher in D-type patients(median 309 mg/dL) than in B/T-type patients(133.5 mg/dL)(P = 0.042).Serum amylase levels in B/T-type patients(median:114 IU/L) were significantly greater than in H-type patients(72 IU/L)(P = 0.049).Lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis(LPSP) was histologically confirmed in 6 D-type,7 H-type and 4 B/T-type patients;idiopathic duct-centric pancreatitis was observed in no patients.Marked fibrosis and abundant infiltration of CD20-positive B lymphocytes with few IgG4-positive plasma cells were detected in 2 B/T-type patients.Steroid therapy was effective in all 50 patients(31 D type,13 H type and 6 B/T type).Although AIP relapsed during tapering or after stopping steroids in 3 D-type and 3 H-type patients,no patients relapsed in B/T type.During follow-up,radiological features of 6 B/T-type patients were not changed and 1 B/T-type patient improved naturally.CONCLUSION:Clinical features of H-type AIP were similar to those of D-type,but B/T-type differed from D and H types.B/T-type may involve diseases other than LPSP.

Association between autoimmune pancreatitis and systemic autoimmune diseases

AIM: To investigate the association between autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) and systemic autoimmune diseases (SAIDs) by measurement of serum immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4). METHODS: The serum level of IgG4 was measured in 61 patients with SAIDs of different types who had not yet participated in glucocorticosteroid treatment. Patients with an elevated IgG4 level were examined by abdominal ultrasonography (US) and, in some cases, by computer tomography (CT). RESULTS: Elevated serum IgG4 levels (919 ± 996 mg/L) were detected in 17 (28%) of the 61 SAID patients. 10 patients had Sj gren's syndrome (SS) (IgG4: 590 ± 232 mg/L), 2 of them in association with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and 7 patients (IgG4: 1388 ± 985.5 mg/L) had systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The IgG4 level in the SLE patients and that in patients with SS were not significantly different from that in AIP patients (783 ± 522 mg/L). Abdominal US and CT did not reveal any characteristic features of AIP among the SAID patients with an elevated IgG4 level. CONCLUSION: The serum IgG4 level may be elevated in SAIDs without the presence of AIP. The determination of serum IgG4 does not seem to be suitable for the differentiation between IgG4-related diseases and SAIDs.

Relationship between serum b2-microglobulin levels and virological breakthrough in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients,under long-term treatment schedules including lamivudine

AIM: Predictive value of serum b2-microglobulin (b2m)levels for virological breakthrough (VB) in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients under long-term treatment schedules including lamivudine (LAM).METHODS: Serum b2m levels were calculated during treatment in 25 CHB patients under long-term LAM monotherapy (group A) and 12 patients under initial interferon plus LAM treatment followed by LAM monotherapy (group B), using the MEIA technology. We used Cox proportional hazard models in order to investigate the association between serum b2m levels and VB.RESULTS: Seven of 25 patients (28%), 9/25 (36%) and 14/25 (56%) from group A and 0/12, 2/12 (16.6%) and 3/12 (25%) from group B exhibited VB at months 12, 24 and 36 of treatment, respectively. All patients, from both groups, who did not show VB exhibited b2m elevation in mo 3. The duration of b2m elevation was significantly longer in the virological responder's subgroup from group A than the non-responder's one (7.3±2.6 vs 3.8±3.4 mo,P = 0.02). In comparison to group A patients whose b2m levels were increased at 3 mo, patients whose b2m levels were decreased had 4.6 times higher risk of experiencing VB (RR = 4.6, P = 0.024). When baseline variables were simultaneously included in the same Cox model, decreased b2m status was still associated with increased risk of VB (RR = 12.2, P = 0.03).CONCLUSION: In HBeAg-negative CHB patients under either long-term LAM monotherapy or initial combination treatment, serum b2m levels at 3 mo of treatment,compared to baseline ones, might be a predictor of risk for VB.

Effect of Stirring on Oil-Water Separation in Rare Earth Mixer-Settler

Oil-water separation is critical to solvent extraction process of rare earth, which can directly affect the yield and quality of the product. The experiments measure the two-phase separation time in a beaker, mixing uniformity of two phases in the mixer and the oil phase entrainment at oil exit by the Karl Fischer method and numerical simulation for the mixersettler to study the combined effect of gravity and stirring. Experimental results show that relative to the static situation, the separation efficiency resulted from low-speed stirring is increased by 25%. The water content in the oil is a minimum at an offset distance L of 10 cm and the clearance off the tank bottom z of 10 cm is as low as 0.49%. Distribution images of oilwater separation at 2 s indicates that stirring is very conducive to the separation of the oil-water phase.

Large solitary retroperitoneal echinococcal cyst:A rare case report

Echinococcal disease remains a problem within some endemic areas. Echinococcal cysts usually involve the liver and lungs, but any other organ can potentially be involved. Extrahepatic localization is reported in 14%-19% of all cases of abdominal hydatid disease. We report the case of a large echinococcal cyst localized in the lower pelvis. A 28-year-old woman was admitted to a surgical ward with lower abdominal pain and discomfort lasting for a month. Ultrasonography and computed tomography scanning revealed a large retroperitoneal cystic mass (9 cm × 4 cm) in contact with the left ovary and left ureter. There were no cysts in any other location. Serological tests were positive for Echinococcus. The patient was operated on and the entire cyst was excised intact. Histopathological results confirmed the diagnosis of echinococcosis. Antihelminthics were administered postoperatively and the patient was discharged after 6 d, and is now being closely followed up. Total cystectomy when possible represents the treatment of choice for large extrahepatic echinococcal cysts.

Specific serum immunoglobulin G to H pylori and CagA in healthy children and adults(south-east of Iran)

AIM. To evaluate the serologic IgG response to Hpylori and CagA across age groups and in healthy children and adults.METHODS： Totally, 386 children aged 1-15 years and 200 adults aged 20-60 years, were enrolled to study. The serum samples of participant were tested for presence of antJ-Hpylori and anti-CagA IgG by using ELISA method.RESULTS： The seroprevalence of Hpylori in adults was significantly higher than that observed in children （67.5% vs 46.6%; P 〈 0.000003）. In children, the seropositivity rate in males （51.9%） was significantly （P 〈 0.05） higher than that observed in females （41.7%）. The prevalence of serum anti-CagA antibody was 72.8% and 67.4% in infected children and adults, respectively. The mean titer of serum anti-CagA antibodies was significantly higher among children in comparison to adults （64.1 Uarb/mL 30.7; P 〈 0.03）. In infected children and adults the prevalence of serum anti-CagA antibody was higher in males compared to females （78.4% vs 66.3%; P = 0.07 and 75.6% vs 54.71%; P 〈 0.04, respectively）. The age-specific prevalence of anti-H py/or/and anti-CagA antibody （in infected subjects） was 37.6% and 59.57% at age 1-5 years, 46.9% and 75% at age 6-10 years, 54.9% and 79.45% at age 11-15, 59.01% and 83.33% at age 20-30 years, 66.6% and 60.52% at age 31-40 years, 73.46% and 63.88% at age 41-50 years and 75.75% and 60% at age 51-60 years with mean titer of anti-CagA antibody of 75.94, 63.32, 57.11, 52.06, 23.62, 21.52 and 21.80 Uarb/mL, respectively. There was significant difference between mean serum anti-CagA antibody in age subgroups （P 〈 0.001）.CONCLUSION： These results showed that anti-Hpylori and anti-CagA antibodies were common in the children and adults. The Hpylori-specific antibodies influenced by age and sex of subjects. Moreover, it seems that males are more susceptible to infection with CagA^＋ strains compared to females. The seroprevalence of anti-CagA antibody was increased with age, up to 30 years and then decreased. It was also found that the magnitude of the IgG response to CagA decreased with advanced age.

Effects of Chinese Herbmedicines as Feed Additives on Resistance of Trionyx sinensis to Diseases

In the-comparison between two experimental turtle (Trionyx sinensis) groups fed on the feed containing 1 % or 2% Chinese medicinal herb powder and the contrast group to which no Chinese herb was fed,no obvious difference of γ-globulin level in the turtles' serum was found,but the survival rate of the experimental groups was obviously higher than that of the contrast group,and cell immunity of the experimental groups was significantly higher when tested by subcutaneous injection of PHA.Meanwhile,the Chinese herb promoted the growth of the turtles.

Sustained virologic response following HCV eradication in two brothers with X-linked agammaglobulinaemia

X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA) is a humoral immunodeficiency syndrome characterized from childhood by the absence of circulating B lymphocytes, absent or reduced levels of serum immunoglobulin and recurrent bacterial infections. For many affected patients, regular treatment with immunoglobulin is life saving. Hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection acquired through contaminated blood products is widely described in this patient cohort. The natural history of HCV infection in patients with XLA tends to follow a more rapid and aggressive course compared to immunocompetent individuals. Furthermore, standard anti-viral therapy appears to be less efficacious in this patient cohort. Here we report the cases of two brothers with XLA who contracted HCV through contaminated blood products. They were treated with a six month course of Interferon alpha-2b and Ribavirin. We report a sustained virologic response five years after completing treatment.

Radiofrequency induction on sodium/iodide symporter expression of thyroid cancer

Objective; The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of radiofrequency treatment on sodium/iodide symporter expression of thyroid cancer ceils. Methods： In 29 thyroid cancer patients with low or no expression of soda ／ iodide symporter, the radio frequency combined 1311 therapy was used, the whole-body scintigraphy and serum Ig were detected before and after the radiofrequency treatment. Results： The whole-body scintigraphy showed that 4 cases （4/29） before radiofrequenc_y treatment had positive iodine uptake, 19 cases （19/29） two weeks after radiofrequency treatment had the positive iodine uptake, 12 cases （12/29） four weeks after radiofrequency treatment had the positive iodine uptake. Four weeks after radiofrequency treatment, 5 cases had increased serum Ig levels, 17 cases had decreased serum Ig levels, 7 cases showed no change. 25 cases （25/29） were effective, 15 cases （15/29） were cured. Conclusion： The radiofrequency induced the non-expressed the sodium/iodide symporter of thyroid cancer cells regain the iodine intake ability, it improved the clinical efficacy of 131I therapy in dedifferentiated thyroid cancer.

Clinical study on radiofrequency combined with ^(131)I therapy for dedifferentiated thyroid carcinomas

Objective:The aim of this study was to explore clinical efficiency of radio frequency combined with 131I therapy for dedifferentiated thyroid carcinoma.Methods:All patients have been treated by radiofrequency connected with 131I in 29 cases of dedifferentiated thyroid carcinoma which performed radionuclide imaging and Ig array of blood serum before and after therapy,respectively.Results:There were 4(4/29) positive cases of radionuclide imaging before treatment and 19(19/29) cases 2 weeks after therapy,25(25/29) cases of overall efficacy and 15(15/29) curative cases. Conclusion: Radiofrequency connected with 131I improve clinical efficacy of 131I treatment for dedifferentiated thyroid cancer of thyroid in view of higher absorbing 131I of thyroid cancerous cell.

Effects of Dietary Vitamin C on the Immune Function of Shrimps, Penaeus chinensis

Prepared in this experiment were six groups of diets, i.e. VC0, VC1, VC2, VC3, VC4 and VC5 with the contents of vitamin C (VC mg(100 g) -1 diet) of 0, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1200 respectively. It was found that vitamin C increased the concentrations of immunoglobulin-like (IgG-like, IgA-like and IgM-like) substances in the serum of Penaeus chinensis after a feeding period of 3 weeks. The differences among groups were significant (P<0.01), but there was no diffe- rence in the contents of complement3-like and complement4-like substances in the serum (P>0.05). Phenoloxidase (PO) activity in the serum of VC3 group shrimps was higher than that of VC0 and other groups, but no significant difference was observed between VC0 group and other groups. Furthermore, bactericidal activity of the serum to Vibrio parahaemolyticus in shrimps fed with the VC1 diet was higher than that in the other groups (P<0.01), while no difference was demonstrated among all groups for the bactericidal activity to Vibrio alginolyticus (P>0.05). It is, therefore, suggested that vitamin C (100-400 mg(100 g) -1 diets) could be used as an immunostimulant of P. chinensis.

Preparation of magnetic gelatin-starch microspheres and adsorption performance for bovine serum album

The magnetic gelatin-starch microspheres were prepared by modified emulsion cross-linking method with glutaraldehyde as the cross-linking agent. The structure, size distribution as well as morphology of magnetic microspheres were investigated by FT-IR spectrometer, dynamic laser scattering analyzer and scanning electron microscope, respectively. Bovine serum album(BSA)was chosen as model protein, and the adsorption processes were carried out under diversified conditions including BSA initial concentration, p H value, adsorption time and temperature to evaluate the performance of the magnetic microspheres. The average diameter of optimized spherical magnetic microspheres is 1.6 μm with excellent dispersivity, and the saturation magnetization is found to be equal to 1.056×10-2 A·m2. The adsorption isotherm of the BSA on the magnetic microspheres basically obeys the Langmuir model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 120 mg/g and an adsorption equilibrium constant of 1.60 mL/mg.

Preparation of Bovine Serum Albumin Microspheres by an Acetone-ethanol Heat Denaturation Method

Stable sub 500 nm bovine serum albumin (BSA) microsphere suspensions were produced by controlled addition of acetone and ethanol to an aqueous solution of BSA, followed by stabilization process of the formed microspheres at an elevated temperature. Microspheres produced by this acetone ethanol heat denaturation method were stabilized at relatively low temperatures (70～75℃) over a short period of time (20 min). The acetone ethanol heat denaturation method, in comparison with the traditional oil/ water technique for preparation of albumin microspheres, which requires high temperature (over 100℃) and longer heating time (more than 30 min) for stabilization, offers a number of advantages. This report describes the influence of process conditions, such as ratios of acetone to ethanol to BSA aqueous solution, heating time and heating temperature, on microsphere formation and their stability. A loading efficiency of 40% rose bengal was achieved. Rose bengal release rates from these microspheres in phosphate buffered saline medium at 37 ℃ were dependent on microsphere stabilities and 25% to 60% of initial loading drug were released in 15 days.