气液混输管道清管模型应用研究

清管球在管道中运行时,受到流体的阻力形成液塞。模拟液塞在管道中流动的模型主要有McDonald-Baker模型和Minami模型两大类,用于模拟管道内稳态和瞬态流动的流体。针对管道中气液两相流体,采用上述两类模型进行模拟计算,并与实验结果相比较,得出结论:对于精度要求较高的情况下,模拟两相流管道中的流体采用某一种清管模型不能满足精度要求,应根据管道中气液混合的速度和清管球的运行速度来确定,不同阶段,采用相对应的清管模型来计算管道清洗的时间和速度。

垢对蜡沉积物强度及聚乙烯管道清管特性的影响

油井采出原油中含有泥沙、垢等颗粒物,在管输过程中颗粒物与原油中的蜡分子协同沉积,导致管道输量降低,严重时可能造成管道堵塞,影响原油管道安全输送。对掺垢蜡沉积物进行了屈服应力测试实验和显微特性实验;对室内聚乙烯管道进行了清管实验;基于清管实验结果,利用π定理建立了清管效率预测模型。结果表明,碳酸钙垢对蜡沉积物强度的影响存在临界垢质量分数;沉积物中含垢,会提高清管器的蜡层破坏力和清管效率;通过室内实验和第三方文献实验数据,验证了所建立的模型。

天然气管道旁通清管研究进展

为推进国内旁通清管技术发展,围绕简单旁通式、旁通孔开度控制式和速度控制式清管器,介绍了它们的结构特点。分析了旁通清管模型适用性及局限性,探讨了水平、水平-立管和水平-起伏-立管清管系统中清管速度、压力、段塞分布情况等变化规律,阐明了国外旁通清管技术工程应用情况与效果,分析了国内速度控制式旁通清管技术的研究现状及未来的发展方向。旁通率、压降系数和皮碗与管壁间摩擦力是决定旁通清管器运行速度的重要参数,比选旁通率以及精确计算摩擦力与压降系数,有助于建立准确通用的旁通清管模型。通过理论分析、模拟仿真以及现场试验研究,所得结论有助于推进旁通清管技术工程化应用。

DYNAMIC CHANGES OF SERUM VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR LEVELS IN A RAT MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION MODEL

To investigate the dynamic changes of serum vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) levels in a rat model of acute myocardial infarction. Materials and methods.Eighty eight adult male Sprague Dawley rats weighing approximately 270 g were used in this study. Eighty rats were subjected to left coronary artery ligation, with 8 rats for each different duration of infarct. Eight sham operated animals in which the left coronary artery was surgically exposed without ligation were used as controls. Blood samples were drawn from the right atrium before (sham animals) and 1,3,6,12,24 h and 2,3,5,7,14 d after myocardial infarction. The concentrations of serum VEGF were measured by a sensitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay with a rabbit polyclonal antibody specific for VEGF. Results. In the 8 control animals, the mean concentration of serum VEGF was 66.99±17.83 pg/ml. Six hours after myocardial infarction, the level of serum VEGF significantly increased to 125.68±28.07 pg/ml (P<0.01 vs. sham controls), and reached a peak (240.61±70.63 pg/ml. P<0.01 vs. sham animals) at 24 h after ligation and then decreased gradually over the remaining 2 weeks. However, the level remained significantly elevated for 14 d (107.64±30.13pg/ml, P<0.01 vs. sham controls). Conclusion. The present study shows that the levels of serum VEGF are markedly increased until 14 d in the rat model of acute myocardial infarction. The increased serum VEGF level may play an important role in the angiogenesis associated with myocardial infarction.

海底气液混输管道瞬态清管数值模拟

海底气液混输管道由于入口液相流量较高,且存在下倾管-立管的特殊结构,导致清管器在管内运行时,清管器运行参数及管内流体的流动参数均出现较大幅度的波动。针对海底气液混输管道的清管过程,以Minami清管模型为基础,将管道重新划分为上游两相流区、清管器区、液塞区及下游两相流区,并对4个区域分别建立对应的瞬态流动模型,通过耦合各区域的瞬态流动模型,实现对海底气液混输管道清管过程中相关参数的模拟计算。最后,以渤海某实际海底气液混输管道为研究对象,模拟分析了清管过程中清管器运行参数、管内流体流动参数的变化规律,验证了模型的准确性。研究结果有助于提高管道的清管效率,为制定合理的清管方案、高效安全地进行现场清管作业提供指导。