清蛋白水平与冠心病预后关系的研究进展

低清蛋白血症是危重患者预后不良的重要指标,血清清蛋白水平对于预测冠心病发病及其预后可能有重要价值。大量研究发现,血清清蛋白水平降低可增加冠心病发病率、心血管病的病死率和全因死亡风险。急性心肌梗死患者血清清蛋白变化与预后关系尚缺乏大规模的临床研究,目前研究认为低清蛋白血症可显著增加心源性休克和死亡的发生率。因此,探讨清蛋白水平与冠心病预后的关系具有重要的理论意义,有助于为今后应用血清清蛋白水平预测冠心病预后提供依据。

急性脑梗死溶栓后出现脑缺血再灌注损伤与炎症反应 糖化清蛋白水平之间的关系以及异丙酚的保护效果分析

目的探讨急性脑梗死溶栓后出现脑缺血再灌注损伤与炎症反应、糖化清蛋白(GA)水平之间的关系以及异丙酚的保护效果分析。方法选择2015年3月至2018年1月收治的150例急性脑梗死患者,按随机数字表法分为观察组(50例)和对照组(100例)2组,均给予拟行数字减影选择性脑动脉内溶栓术,对照组患者给予瑞芬太尼静脉注射麻醉,观察组患者给予瑞芬太尼和异丙酚注射麻醉,比较2组患者术后再灌注损伤发生情况以及简易智力状态检查量表(MMSE)评分情况,观察2组患者内皮素(ET)、丙二醛(MDA)以及S100B水平变化。再将对照组患者根据是否出现脑缺血再灌注损伤,将其分为损伤组和非损伤组2组,比较2组患者麻醉前后的炎症因子、血糖、糖化蛋红蛋白(HbA1c)以及GA水平。结果观察组患者术后发生脑缺血再灌注损伤明显低于对照组,且MMSE评分明显高于对照组(P<0.05),与麻醉前相比,2组患者麻醉后ET、MDA、S100B水平均明显升高,而对照组患者上述指标升高更为显著(P<0.05)。与麻醉前相比,损伤组和非损伤组2组患者麻醉白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-8、IL-10、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、血糖、HbA1c以及GA水平均明显升高,而损伤组患者升高更为显著(P<0.05)。结论急性脑梗死溶栓后出现脑缺血再灌注损伤与炎症反应、GA水平关系密切,溶栓治疗过程中给予异丙酚可以较好地改善脑组织缺血缺氧状态,减少缺血再灌注损伤,保护脑组织。

测定胱抑素C和尿微量清蛋白水平用于糖尿病肾病早期诊断价值评价

目的探讨利用胱抑素C(Cys C)和尿微量清蛋白(m ALB)水平测定在糖尿病早期诊断方面的作用。方法对我院近期收治的100例糖尿病肾病患者的临床资料和治疗过程进行回顾性分析,根据患者的病情特点和肾功能情况,将患者分为A组和B组,每组50例,其中A组为肾功能正常糖尿病患者。再选50例健康者作为对照组,对这些患者进行胱抑素C和尿微量清蛋白水平的测定并进行比较分析。结果经检测,B组患者血清胱抑素和尿微量清蛋白水平较高,与A组和对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);同时,A组患者的测量结果也高于正常者。结论胱抑素C和尿微量清蛋白在进行糖尿病肾病的早期诊断方面敏感性较高,可做到早期发现,早期治疗,给患者带来好处。

上海郊区非糖尿病人群中低水平清蛋白尿与肱踝脉搏波传导速度的相关性分析

目的:探讨上海郊区非糖尿病人群中低水平清蛋白尿与肱踝脉搏波传导速度(baPWV)的相关性。方法:在上海市嘉定区选取1 548名正常清蛋白尿[尿清蛋白/肌酐(UACR)<30 mg/g]的非糖尿病居民,对其进行问卷调查、体格检查、血和尿的生化检测以及baPWV检测,分析人群UACR水平与baPWV的相关性。结果:①按UACR值四分位分组,随着UACR水平的升高,UACR下四分位组到上四分位组的baPWV值分别为(1 459±280)、(1 506±311)、(1 554±349)、(1 621±349)cm/s;动脉硬化患病率分别为51.93%(202/389)、57.25%(221/386)、65.03%(251/386)、71.32%(276/387),组间趋势明显(趋势P<0.000 1)。②Pearson相关分析显示,baPWV与UACR呈显著正相关(r=0.190,P<0.000 1)。③多元Logistic回归分析显示,校正年龄、性别、体质量指数、糖化血红蛋白A1c、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、估测肾小球滤过率、高血压、目前吸烟、目前饮酒、是否大量运动等传统心血管影响因素后,与下四分位组相比,UACR位于第2、第3及上四分位组患动脉硬化的风险逐渐增高,比值比(OR)[95%可信区间(CI)]分别为1.50(1.04～2.15)、1.63(1.12～2.36)和1.67(1.13～2.49),趋势P=0.030 4。结论:非糖尿病人群中,UACR在参考范围内的微量增加与baPWV升高明显相关,低水平清蛋白尿是非糖尿病人群动脉硬化的独立危险因素。

食管癌患者根治术后吻合口瘘发生的影响因素研究

目的探讨食管癌(EC)患者根治术后吻合口瘘发生的影响因素。方法回顾性分析2018年5月至2020年6月上饶市第五人民医院收治的80例EC患者的临床资料,所有患者均行EC根治术。收集患者性别、年龄、体重指数(BMI)、饮酒史、吸烟史、糖尿病史、高血压病史、冠心病史、慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)史、放化疗史、美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级、病灶位置、术前清蛋白水平、吻合方式、吻合位置、术后肺炎、ICU停留时间、病灶切除长度、肿瘤TNM分期及淋巴结清扫数量。采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析EC患者术后吻合口瘘的影响因素。结果80例EC患者中发生吻合口瘘21例,发生率为26.25%。经单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析发现,糖尿病史、术前白蛋白水平、颈部吻合及术后肺炎均为影响EC患者发生术后吻合口瘘的影响因素(OR>1,P<0.05)。结论术前白蛋白水平较低、有糖尿病史、颈部吻合及术后发生肺炎的EC患者术后发生吻合口瘘风险较高,临床可合理干预以降低术后吻合口瘘发生率,改善患者预后。

De novo combination therapy with lamivudine and adefovir dipivoxil in chronic hepatitis B patients

AIM:To investigate the appropriate time for combination therapy in HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B(CHB) patients with decompensated cirrhosis.METHODS:Thirty HBeAg positive CHB patients with decompensated cirrhosis were enrolled in the study.All of the patients were given 48 wk combination therapy with lamivudine(LAM) and adefovir dipivoxil(ADV) .Briefly,10 patients were given the de novo combination therapy with LAM and ADV,whereas the other 20 patients received ADV in addition to LAM after hepatitis B virus(HBV) genetic mutation.RESULTS:Serum alanine aminotransferase and total bilirubin were both improved in the two groups at 4,12,24 and 48 wk after treatment.Serum albumin was also improved at 24 and 48 wk after combination therapy in both groups.The serum HBV DNA level wasstill detectable in every patient in the two groups at 4 and 12 wk after combination treatment.However,in the de novo combination group,serum HBV DNA levels in 4(40%) and 9(90%) patients was decreased to below 1×10 3 copies/mL at 24 and 48 wk after the combination treatment,respectively.In parallel,serum HBV DNA levels in 2(20%) and 8(40%) patients in the add-on combination group became undetectable at 24 and 48 wk after combination treatment,respectively.Furthermore,6(60%) patients in the de novo combination group achieved HBeAg seroconversion after 48 wk treatment,whereas only 4(20%) patients in the add-on combination group achieved seroconversion.Child-Pugh score of patients in the de novo combination group was better than that of patients in the add-on combination group after 48 wk treatment.Moreover,patients in the de novo combination group had a significantly decreased serum creatinine level and elevated red blood cell counts.CONCLUSION:De novo combination therapy with LAM and ADV was better than add-on combination therapy in terms of Child-Pugh score,virus inhibition and renal function.

Elevated serum alpha fetoprotein levels promote pathological progression of hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM:To investigate the biological role of alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and its clinical signif icance in carcinogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).METHODS:Clinical analysis of HCC patients and im-munohistochemical examination were conducted to evaluate the relationship between serum AFP level and patient mortality. Confocal microscopy,Western blotting, dimethylthiahzolyl-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide,Cell Counting Kit-8 assays and flow cytometry were performed to explore the possible mechanism.RESULTS: Among the 160 HCC patients enrolled in this study,130 patients survived 2 years (81.25%),with a survival rate of 86.8% in AFP < 2 0 μg/L group,88.9% in AFP 20-250 μg/L group,and 69.6% in AFP > 250 μg/L group, demonstrating a higher mortality rate in HCC patients with higher AFP levels. Surgical treatment was benef icial only in patients with low AFP levels.The mortality rate of HCC patients with high AFP levels who were treated surgically was apparently higher than those treated with conservative management.The results of immunohistochemistry showed that AFP and AFP receptor were merely expressed in tissues of HCC patients with positive serum AFP.Consistently,in vitro analysis showed that AFP and AFPS were expressed in HepG2 but not in HLE cells. AFP showed a capability to promote cell growth,and this was more apparent in HepG2 cells,in which the proliferation was increased by 3.5 folds. Cell cycle analysis showed that the percent-age of HepG2 cells in S phase after exposure to AFP was modestly increased.CONCLUSION:HCC patients with higher AFP levels show a higher mortality rate,which appears to be attributable to the growth promoting properties of AFP.

Giardia infection:Protein-losing enteropathy in an adult with immunodeficiency

The case of a 52-year-old woman with a past history of thymoma resection who presented with chronic diarrhea and generalized edema is the focal point of this article.A diagnosis of Giardia lamblia infection was established,which was complicated by protein-losing enteropathy and severely low serum protein level in a patient with no urinary protein loss and normal liver function.After anti-helmintic treatment,there was recovery from hypoalbuminemia,though immunoglobulins persisted at low serum levels leading to the hypothesis of an immune system disorder.Good's syndrome is a rare cause of immunodeficiency characterized by the association of hypogammaglobulinemia and thymoma.This primary immune disorder may be complicated by severe infectious diarrhea secondary to disabled humoral and cellular immune response.This is the first description in the literature of an adult patient with an immunodeficiency syndrome who presented with protein-losing enteropathy secondary to giardiasis.

Octreotide in Hennekam syndrome-associated intestinal lymphangiectasia

A number of disorders have been described to cause protein losing enteropathy (PLE) in children. Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (PIL) is one mechanism leading to PLE. Few syndromes are associated with PIL; Hennekam syndrome (HS) is one of them. The principal treatment for PIL is a high protein, low fat diet with medium chain triglycerides supplementation. Supportive therapy includes albumin infusion. Few publications have supported the use of octreotide to diminish protein loss and minimize hypoalbuminemia seen in PIL. There are no publications on the treatment of PIL with octreotide in patients with HS. We report two children with HS and PLE in which we used octreotide to decrease intestinal protein loss. In one patient, octreotide increased serum albumin to an acceptable level without further need for albumin infusions. The other patient responded more dramatically with near normal serum albumin levels and cessation of albumin infusions. In achieving a good response to octreotide in both patients, we add to the publications supporting the use of octreotide in PIL and suggest that octreotide should be tried in patients with PIL secondary to HS. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report on the use of octreotide in HS-associated PIL.

Effect of Zhuyeshigao granule on tumor necrosis factor-α and inter leukins serum protein levels in rats with radiation esophagitis

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of Zhuyesh- igao granule （ZSG） on tumor necrosis factor-a （TNF-a）, interleukin-1 （IL-1）, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8 in rats with radiation esophagitis. METHODS： Fifty Wistar rats were randomly divid- ed into five groups （10 rats in each group）： con- trol （without radiation）, saline-treated, and low, medium, and high-dose ISG-treated groups. Rats were given normal saline （10 mL/kg） or 1.15, 2.3, or 4.6 g/kg ZSG by intragastric administration once a day for 7 days. A rat model of radiation esophagi- tis was established by local irradiation of Co60 （490.25 cGy/min, totaling 30 Gy）. The administra- tion of ZSG was continued for another 7 days and on the 7th day post-irradiation, inferior vena cavablood was collected. The serum was separated, and TNF-a, IL-1, IL-2, 11_-6, and IL-8 protein levels were determined. RESULTS： Inflammatory response factors were found in the serum of each group. However, levels in ZSG-treated groups were significantly lower than in the saline-treated group （P〈0.05）. CONCLUSION： ZSG may prevent the development of radiation esophagitis, perhaps by inhibiting the generation and release of the inflammatory re- sponse factors TNF-a, IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8.