Maggie Charles and Diane Pecorari＇s （2016） Introducing English for Academic Purposes is a very good book for specialized language, covering EAP＇s research in scope, planning and teaching, and evaluation and the is...Maggie Charles and Diane Pecorari＇s （2016） Introducing English for Academic Purposes is a very good book for specialized language, covering EAP＇s research in scope, planning and teaching, and evaluation and the issues are profound and clear. From the extension of language research to the formulation of policy, it can be described as novel and unique. It sums up the research contents and opinions in detail in the article.展开更多
The thesis statement, as an arguable statement that communicates the author＇s stance on a topic to the reader in one or two sentences, functions as an aid for the author to focus on the subject and the reader to unde...The thesis statement, as an arguable statement that communicates the author＇s stance on a topic to the reader in one or two sentences, functions as an aid for the author to focus on the subject and the reader to understand the main idea. After drafting a preliminary thesis statement, one should shape it from aspects of the structure, content and position. Structurally, an effective thesis statement includes one claim and several rea^ons. In content, consideration should be put in the author＇s stand, the value of debate, and clearness and concreteness of the main argument. The review and revising stage is indispensable after writing a thesis statement.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the association between metabolic syndrome （NetS） and the development of gallstone disease （GSD）. METHODS： A cross-sectional study was conducted in 7570 subjects （4978 men aged 45.0：1：8.8 ...AIM： To investigate the association between metabolic syndrome （NetS） and the development of gallstone disease （GSD）. METHODS： A cross-sectional study was conducted in 7570 subjects （4978 men aged 45.0：1：8.8 years, and 2592 women aged 45.3：1：9.5 years） enrolled from the physical check-up center of the hospital. The subjects included 918 patients with gallstones （653 men and 265 women） and 6652 healthy controls （4325 men and 2327 women） without gallstones. Body mass index （BII）, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose （FPG） and serum lipids and lipoproteins levels were measured. Colorimetric method was used to measure cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cho- lesterol （HDL-C） and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）. Dextrose oxidizing enzyme method was used to measure FPG. Subjects were asked to complete a questionnaire that enquired about the information on demographic data, age, gender, histories of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and chronic liver disease and so on. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to the Adult Treatment Panel HI （ATP ]3） criteria. Gall- stones were defined by the presence of strong intralu- minal echoes that were gravity-dependent or attenu- ated ultrasound transmission. RESULTS： Among the 7570 subjects, the prevalence of the gallstone disease was 12.1% （13.1% in men and 10.2% in women）. BMI, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and serum triglyceride （TG） in cases group were higher than in controls, while serum high-density lipid was lower than in controls. There were significant differences in the waist circumference, blood pressure, FPG and TG between cases and controls. In an age- adjusted logistic regression model, metabolic syndrome was associated with gallstone disease. The age-adjust- ed odds ratio of MetS for GSD in men was 1.29 [95% confidence interval （CI）, 1.09-1.52; P = 0.0030], and 1.68 （95% CI, 1.26-2.25; P = 0.0004） in women; the overall age-adjusted odds ratio of NetS for GSD was 1.42 （95% CI, 1.23-1.64; P 〈 0.0001）. The men with more metabolic disorders had a higher prevalence of gallstone disease, the trend had statistical significance （P 〈 0.0001）. The presence of 5 components of the MetS increased the risk of gallstone disease by 3.4 times （P 〈 0.0001）. The prevalence of GSD in women who had 5 components of NetS was 5 times higher than in those without Nets component. The more the components of Mets, the higher the prevalence of GSD （P 〈 0.0001）. The presence of 5 components of the Mets increased the risk of gallstone disease by 4.0 times. CONCLUSION： GSD appears to be strongly associated with MetS, and the more the components of NetS, the higher the prevalence of GSD.展开更多
In conventional source-filter models, voiced and unvoiced components were considered independently. However, in practice it was difficult to separate the source into two parts. An actual source consists of a mixture o...In conventional source-filter models, voiced and unvoiced components were considered independently. However, in practice it was difficult to separate the source into two parts. An actual source consists of a mixture of two sources and the ratio varies according to the content or the intention of speaker. It had been investigated to separate the voiced and unvoiced components for different source models. Source signals were modeled based on the residual signal measured from inverse filtering. Three different source models were assumed. The parameters of each model were optimized for the original speech signal using a genetic algorithm. The resulting parameters were compared in terms of the mel-cepstral distance to the original signal, the spectrogram and the spectral envelope from the synthesized signal. The optimization method achieves an improvement of 15% for the Klatt model, but there is little improvement in the modified residual case.展开更多
Influenced by translator＇s individual background, semantic clash is inevitable during the process of code-switching from source language to target language. This re-correspondence in semantic level has been well-show...Influenced by translator＇s individual background, semantic clash is inevitable during the process of code-switching from source language to target language. This re-correspondence in semantic level has been well-shown not only in the translation of literature works, but in those of dictionary and glossary translations as well. Semantic clash, generally, is based on two main factors, one is the inherent difference between languages lying in typology features, the other is the social and culture diversity factors lying in the translator＇s personal background. According to actual translation works, social and culture factors of individual background take the dominant position unconsciously over other features in the process of code-switching. The present paper, branches the latter factor into certain categories, by analyzing bilingual dictionaries and glossaries cases in the 18th century, Qing Dynasty, and indicates that the conceptual lagging, religion beliefs, living environment and political stand embedded in individual background will somehow result in semantic clash, which will lead the relevant research to pay more attention on cross-cultural literature translation.展开更多
This paper describes parody as an effective teaching and learning practice in Advanced English course offered to English major juniors and seniors. The objective of this course is to help heighten students towards a m...This paper describes parody as an effective teaching and learning practice in Advanced English course offered to English major juniors and seniors. The objective of this course is to help heighten students towards a more advanced level of English proficiency, and its main preoccupation is doing intensive analyses of carefully selected texts which amount to well-established classics and are characterized with linguistic complexity. To enhance students＇ learning, we embed in the course a practice of parody, which here refers to the creation of an imitative work of an original written work, usually with an attendant comic effect. Upon the completion of each module, students are assigned the task of parodying part of the text, which involves recasting its overall content while retaining formal framework, thus offering students a means of re-paying homage to the excellence of the text. Writing a parody demands great artistry in shaping a creatively simulative work, in fitting exotic content into a local form, and in transplanting new experiential logic into old textual order. The parodies are then peer-reviewed as well as instructor-reviewed. Close observation and survey show that the students have displayed heightened motivation in engaging themselves in the practice and they have benefited greatly from it. Parody proves a particularly fruitful technique in teaching and learning Advanced English, and may also be useful in teaching English writing, since it entitles students to a very unique mode of savoring and wielding the artistic power of the English language.展开更多
文摘Maggie Charles and Diane Pecorari＇s （2016） Introducing English for Academic Purposes is a very good book for specialized language, covering EAP＇s research in scope, planning and teaching, and evaluation and the issues are profound and clear. From the extension of language research to the formulation of policy, it can be described as novel and unique. It sums up the research contents and opinions in detail in the article.
文摘The thesis statement, as an arguable statement that communicates the author＇s stance on a topic to the reader in one or two sentences, functions as an aid for the author to focus on the subject and the reader to understand the main idea. After drafting a preliminary thesis statement, one should shape it from aspects of the structure, content and position. Structurally, an effective thesis statement includes one claim and several rea^ons. In content, consideration should be put in the author＇s stand, the value of debate, and clearness and concreteness of the main argument. The review and revising stage is indispensable after writing a thesis statement.
文摘AIM： To investigate the association between metabolic syndrome （NetS） and the development of gallstone disease （GSD）. METHODS： A cross-sectional study was conducted in 7570 subjects （4978 men aged 45.0：1：8.8 years, and 2592 women aged 45.3：1：9.5 years） enrolled from the physical check-up center of the hospital. The subjects included 918 patients with gallstones （653 men and 265 women） and 6652 healthy controls （4325 men and 2327 women） without gallstones. Body mass index （BII）, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose （FPG） and serum lipids and lipoproteins levels were measured. Colorimetric method was used to measure cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cho- lesterol （HDL-C） and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）. Dextrose oxidizing enzyme method was used to measure FPG. Subjects were asked to complete a questionnaire that enquired about the information on demographic data, age, gender, histories of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and chronic liver disease and so on. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to the Adult Treatment Panel HI （ATP ]3） criteria. Gall- stones were defined by the presence of strong intralu- minal echoes that were gravity-dependent or attenu- ated ultrasound transmission. RESULTS： Among the 7570 subjects, the prevalence of the gallstone disease was 12.1% （13.1% in men and 10.2% in women）. BMI, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and serum triglyceride （TG） in cases group were higher than in controls, while serum high-density lipid was lower than in controls. There were significant differences in the waist circumference, blood pressure, FPG and TG between cases and controls. In an age- adjusted logistic regression model, metabolic syndrome was associated with gallstone disease. The age-adjust- ed odds ratio of MetS for GSD in men was 1.29 [95% confidence interval （CI）, 1.09-1.52; P = 0.0030], and 1.68 （95% CI, 1.26-2.25; P = 0.0004） in women; the overall age-adjusted odds ratio of NetS for GSD was 1.42 （95% CI, 1.23-1.64; P 〈 0.0001）. The men with more metabolic disorders had a higher prevalence of gallstone disease, the trend had statistical significance （P 〈 0.0001）. The presence of 5 components of the MetS increased the risk of gallstone disease by 3.4 times （P 〈 0.0001）. The prevalence of GSD in women who had 5 components of NetS was 5 times higher than in those without Nets component. The more the components of Mets, the higher the prevalence of GSD （P 〈 0.0001）. The presence of 5 components of the Mets increased the risk of gallstone disease by 4.0 times. CONCLUSION： GSD appears to be strongly associated with MetS, and the more the components of NetS, the higher the prevalence of GSD.
基金supported by the Second Stage of Brain Korea 21 Projects
文摘In conventional source-filter models, voiced and unvoiced components were considered independently. However, in practice it was difficult to separate the source into two parts. An actual source consists of a mixture of two sources and the ratio varies according to the content or the intention of speaker. It had been investigated to separate the voiced and unvoiced components for different source models. Source signals were modeled based on the residual signal measured from inverse filtering. Three different source models were assumed. The parameters of each model were optimized for the original speech signal using a genetic algorithm. The resulting parameters were compared in terms of the mel-cepstral distance to the original signal, the spectrogram and the spectral envelope from the synthesized signal. The optimization method achieves an improvement of 15% for the Klatt model, but there is little improvement in the modified residual case.
文摘Influenced by translator＇s individual background, semantic clash is inevitable during the process of code-switching from source language to target language. This re-correspondence in semantic level has been well-shown not only in the translation of literature works, but in those of dictionary and glossary translations as well. Semantic clash, generally, is based on two main factors, one is the inherent difference between languages lying in typology features, the other is the social and culture diversity factors lying in the translator＇s personal background. According to actual translation works, social and culture factors of individual background take the dominant position unconsciously over other features in the process of code-switching. The present paper, branches the latter factor into certain categories, by analyzing bilingual dictionaries and glossaries cases in the 18th century, Qing Dynasty, and indicates that the conceptual lagging, religion beliefs, living environment and political stand embedded in individual background will somehow result in semantic clash, which will lead the relevant research to pay more attention on cross-cultural literature translation.
文摘This paper describes parody as an effective teaching and learning practice in Advanced English course offered to English major juniors and seniors. The objective of this course is to help heighten students towards a more advanced level of English proficiency, and its main preoccupation is doing intensive analyses of carefully selected texts which amount to well-established classics and are characterized with linguistic complexity. To enhance students＇ learning, we embed in the course a practice of parody, which here refers to the creation of an imitative work of an original written work, usually with an attendant comic effect. Upon the completion of each module, students are assigned the task of parodying part of the text, which involves recasting its overall content while retaining formal framework, thus offering students a means of re-paying homage to the excellence of the text. Writing a parody demands great artistry in shaping a creatively simulative work, in fitting exotic content into a local form, and in transplanting new experiential logic into old textual order. The parodies are then peer-reviewed as well as instructor-reviewed. Close observation and survey show that the students have displayed heightened motivation in engaging themselves in the practice and they have benefited greatly from it. Parody proves a particularly fruitful technique in teaching and learning Advanced English, and may also be useful in teaching English writing, since it entitles students to a very unique mode of savoring and wielding the artistic power of the English language.
