改进清麦工艺流程 减少入磨麦中的荞子

我国南方不少面粉厂都是采用螺旋精选机(荞子抛车)来清理小麦中的荞子,我们南京面粉厂老车间也不例外。我厂毛麦中荞子的含量一般在0.2～0.4%左右。原来,我们采用了30台荞子抛车处理原粮——小麦中的荞子,5台荞子抛车处理副流。占地面积大车间灰尘飞场。

寒冷地区小麦的温水调质

针对寒冷地区的气候特征，阐述制粉工艺中小麦的温水调质，旨在加速水分渗透，缩短润麦时间，使小麦获得最佳入磨条件，提高面粉质量。

Is enteroscopy necessary for diagnosis of celiac disease?

Celiac disease （CD） is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the small intestine as a result of reaction to wheat protein, gluten. Exclusion of dietary gluten is the mainstay of the treatment that necessitates a precise diagnosis of the disease. Serological screen ing may aid in identifying patients with suspected CD, which should be confirmed by intestinal biopsy. It has been shown that duodenal biopsies are good for de- tection of the disease in most patients. However, there is a group of patients with positive serology and incon- clusive pathology. As a result of the widespread use of serology, many patients with equivocal findings grow quickly. Unfortunately current endoscopic methods can only diagnose villous atrophy, which can be present in the later grades of disease （i.e., Marsh m）. To diag- nose CD correctly, going deeper in the intestine may be necessary. Enteroscopy can reveal changes in CD in the intestinal mucosa in 10%-17% of cases that have negative histology at initial workup. Invasiveness of the method limits its use. Capsule endoscopy may be a good substitute for enteroscopy. However, both tech- niques should be reserved for patients with suspected diagnosis of complications. This paper reviews the cur- rent literature in terms of the value of enteroscopy for diagnosis of CD.

Iron and Zinc Serum Levels in Young Adult Cameroonians after Supplementation in Poor Vitamin A and Controlled Diets

Iron, zinc and vitamin A deficiencies co-exist in Cameroon in all age groups. However, natural sources of vitamin A are available and could be used to meet the need of the whole population in association with iron and zinc supplementation. This study aims at assessing the serum levels of zinc and iron after 11 days of supplementation. The study enrolled 26 men 08-33 years）, distributed into five groups. From the first day, they were supplemented with 20 mg of zinc and iron, taken each alone, both either together or at two different times. The five last days, participants were put on free vitamin A diets. Serums were obtained at day l, day 5 and day 11 for Zn and Fe levels determination by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The highest serum iron and zinc concentrations were observed in groups either supplemented with zinc or with iron given alone. In those two groups, serum Zn concentrations increased from 0.69 μg/mL ±0.02μg/mL to 0.95 μg/mL ± 0.13 μg/mL （group 2）, from 0.48 μg/mL ± 0.06 μg/mL to 0.97 μg/mL ± 0.11 μg/mL （group 3）; and serum Fe concentrations from 1.49 μg/mL ± 0.54 μg/mL to 3.49 μg/mL ± 1.01 μg/mL （group 2）; and from 1.42 μg/mL ± 0.45 μg/mL to 3.41 μg/mL ± 0.81 μg/mL （group 3）, respectively. Supplementation with Fe or Zn alone increased both Fe and Zn serum levels of participants. Serum levels of iron and zinc when given together or at different time were not significantly different. Further studies on a larger population are necessary to confirm that supplementation with zinc or with iron alone could raise both zinc and iron levels in serum simultaneously.

Effects of Dietary Carbohydrates Sources on Lipids Compositions in Abalone, Haliotis discus hannai Ino

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary carbohydrates on triglyceride, cholesterol and fatty acid concentrations in abalone, Haliotis discus hannai Ino. Six semi-purified diets with different carbohydrates （dextrin, heat-treated wheat starch, wheat starch, corn starch, tapioca starch and potato starch, respectively）, all containing a carbohydrate level of 33.5%, were fed to abalone （initial shell length： 29.98mm±0.09mm; initial weight. 3.42g±0.02g） for 24 weeks in a recirculation system. The results indicate that serum triglyceride concentrations were significantly （P〈0.05） higher in the abalone fed with dextrin, heat-treated wheat starch and wheat starch than those fed with corn starch, and serum cholesterol concentrations were significantly （P〈0.05） higher in the abalone fed with dextrin, heat-treated wheat starch than those fed with corn starch. Fatty acid C20：4n-6 in the foot mus- cles were significantly （P〈0.05） lower in the abalone fed with dextrin than those fed with wheat starch, corn starch, tapioca starch and potato starch. Fatty acid C20：4n-6 in hepatopancreas was significantly （P〈0.05） lower in abalone fed with heat-treated wheat starch than those fed with corn starch, tapioca starch and potato starch. Fatty acid C22：6n-3 in the foot muscles were significantly （P 〈 0.05） lower in the abalone fed with dextrin and beat-treated wheat starch than those fed with wheat starch and potato starch.

Monoclonal Antibody-Based Serological Detection Methods for Wheat Dwarf Virus

Wheat dwarf disease caused by wheat dwarf virus(WDV) is currently present in wheat growing regions in China and causes serious losses in wheat yield. To develop reliable and effective serological detection methods for WDV, the coat protein(CP) gene of WDV was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified recombinant CP protein was immunized to BALB/c mice, and four hybridoma cell lines(i.e. 18G10, 9G4, 23F4 and 22A10) secreting anti-WDV monoclonal antibodies(MAbs) were obtained through the hybridoma technique. Using the prepared MAbs, an antigencoated-plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ACP-ELISA) and a dot-ELISA were established for detecting WDV in wheat samples. The most sensitive ACP-ELISA based on MAb 23F4 or 22A10 was able to detect WDV in 1:163,840(w/v,g/mL) diluted WDV-infected wheat plant crude extracts. The dot-ELISA based on MAb 23F4 was the most sensitive and able to detect the virus in 1:5,120(w/v, g/mL) diluted wheat plant crude extracts. A total of 128 wheat samples were collected from wheat growing regions in the Shaanxi and Qinghai provinces, China, and were screened for the presence of WDV using two developed serological assays. Results from the survey showed that approximately 62% of the samples were infected with WDV. PCR followed by DNA sequencing and sequence alignment validated the results from the two serological assays. Therefore, we consider that these two serological detection methods can be significantly useful for the control of WDV in China.