基于–5 k Pa负压灌水条件下的一维垂直水分吸渗试验,分析了陶土和聚乙烯醇缩甲醛泡沫塑料(PVFM)两种材质负压渗水器在黑钙土A、B层的渗水性能,测定累计吸渗量、吸渗率、湿润峰及土壤含水率等指标,并利用它们考察了Kostiakov,Horton、Ph...基于–5 k Pa负压灌水条件下的一维垂直水分吸渗试验,分析了陶土和聚乙烯醇缩甲醛泡沫塑料(PVFM)两种材质负压渗水器在黑钙土A、B层的渗水性能,测定累计吸渗量、吸渗率、湿润峰及土壤含水率等指标,并利用它们考察了Kostiakov,Horton、Philip 3种常用的土壤水分吸渗模型及垂直一维非饱和土壤水分运动代数模式描述负压吸渗过程的适用性,进一步比较了不同处理下的模型参数。结果表明:(1)–5 k Pa灌水条件下,PVFM渗水器和陶土渗水器的累计吸渗量没有明显差异,前者能有效替代后者作为负压渗水器;(2)黑钙土B层土壤水分吸渗特性比A层差,同时间内累计吸渗量较少,吸渗率降低速度更快;(3)短时间负压灌溉条件下,不同土层的累计吸渗量与湿润峰、吸渗率与湿润峰倒数、湿润峰平方与时间均存在明显的线性关系;(4)负压灌溉后距离渗水器上下各15 cm范围内,土壤含水率维持于20%~33%范围内,变异系数均在10%左右;(5)拟合结果表明,Kostiakov与Philip模型能很好地描述–5 k Pa负压灌溉下不同处理的水分吸渗特性,而Horton模型描述黑钙土A、B层较长时间的吸渗效果较差。展开更多
It is very important to design the optimum starting time of water injection for the development of low permeability reservoirs. In this type of reservoir the starting time of water injection will be affected by a rese...It is very important to design the optimum starting time of water injection for the development of low permeability reservoirs. In this type of reservoir the starting time of water injection will be affected by a reservoir pressure-sensitive effect. In order to optimize the starting time of water injection in low permeability reservoirs, this effect of pressure change on rock permeability of low permeability reservoirs was, at first, studied by physical simulation. It was shown that the rock permeability decreases exponentially with an increase in formation pressure. Secondly, we conducted a reservoir engineering study, from which we obtained analytic relationships between formation pressure, oil production rate, water production rate and water injection rate. After our physical, theoretical and economical analyses, we proposed an approach which takes the pressure-sensitive effect into consideration and designed the optimum starting time of water injection, based on the principle of material balance. Finally, the corresponding software was developed and applied to one block of the Jiangsu Oilfield. It is shown that water injection, in advance of production, can decrease the adverse impact of the pressure-sensitive effect on low permeability reservoir development. A water-flooding project should be preferably initiated in advance of production for no more than one year and the optimum ratio of formation pressure to initial formation pressure should be maintained at a level between 1.05 and 1.2.展开更多
Energy recovery device （ERD） is an important part of the seawater reverse osmosis （SWRO） desalination system. There are principally two kinds of ERDs, the centrifugal type and the positive displacement （PD） type...Energy recovery device （ERD） is an important part of the seawater reverse osmosis （SWRO） desalination system. There are principally two kinds of ERDs, the centrifugal type and the positive displacement （PD） type. The PD type is of extensive concern and is preferred in large-scale plants. In this article, an innovative fluid switcher was presented and a two-cylinder hydraulic energy recovery unit with a lab-scale fluid switcher was set up. Tap water was used as the working medium instead of the actual seawater and brine in SWRO desalination plants. Under steady state operating conditions, the experimental results were obtained on the variations of the pressure and flow rate to and from the energy recovery unit. The hydraulic recovery efficiency （En） of the energy recovery unit with the fluid switcher reached up to 76.83%.展开更多
文摘基于–5 k Pa负压灌水条件下的一维垂直水分吸渗试验,分析了陶土和聚乙烯醇缩甲醛泡沫塑料(PVFM)两种材质负压渗水器在黑钙土A、B层的渗水性能,测定累计吸渗量、吸渗率、湿润峰及土壤含水率等指标,并利用它们考察了Kostiakov,Horton、Philip 3种常用的土壤水分吸渗模型及垂直一维非饱和土壤水分运动代数模式描述负压吸渗过程的适用性,进一步比较了不同处理下的模型参数。结果表明:(1)–5 k Pa灌水条件下,PVFM渗水器和陶土渗水器的累计吸渗量没有明显差异,前者能有效替代后者作为负压渗水器;(2)黑钙土B层土壤水分吸渗特性比A层差,同时间内累计吸渗量较少,吸渗率降低速度更快;(3)短时间负压灌溉条件下,不同土层的累计吸渗量与湿润峰、吸渗率与湿润峰倒数、湿润峰平方与时间均存在明显的线性关系;(4)负压灌溉后距离渗水器上下各15 cm范围内,土壤含水率维持于20%~33%范围内,变异系数均在10%左右;(5)拟合结果表明,Kostiakov与Philip模型能很好地描述–5 k Pa负压灌溉下不同处理的水分吸渗特性,而Horton模型描述黑钙土A、B层较长时间的吸渗效果较差。
基金Projects 2003BA613-07-05 supported by the Program of National "Fifteen" Science and Technology 04E7029 by the CNPC Innovation Foundation
文摘It is very important to design the optimum starting time of water injection for the development of low permeability reservoirs. In this type of reservoir the starting time of water injection will be affected by a reservoir pressure-sensitive effect. In order to optimize the starting time of water injection in low permeability reservoirs, this effect of pressure change on rock permeability of low permeability reservoirs was, at first, studied by physical simulation. It was shown that the rock permeability decreases exponentially with an increase in formation pressure. Secondly, we conducted a reservoir engineering study, from which we obtained analytic relationships between formation pressure, oil production rate, water production rate and water injection rate. After our physical, theoretical and economical analyses, we proposed an approach which takes the pressure-sensitive effect into consideration and designed the optimum starting time of water injection, based on the principle of material balance. Finally, the corresponding software was developed and applied to one block of the Jiangsu Oilfield. It is shown that water injection, in advance of production, can decrease the adverse impact of the pressure-sensitive effect on low permeability reservoir development. A water-flooding project should be preferably initiated in advance of production for no more than one year and the optimum ratio of formation pressure to initial formation pressure should be maintained at a level between 1.05 and 1.2.
基金the Seawater Desalination Research Programs of Tianjin(043185211-4)
文摘Energy recovery device （ERD） is an important part of the seawater reverse osmosis （SWRO） desalination system. There are principally two kinds of ERDs, the centrifugal type and the positive displacement （PD） type. The PD type is of extensive concern and is preferred in large-scale plants. In this article, an innovative fluid switcher was presented and a two-cylinder hydraulic energy recovery unit with a lab-scale fluid switcher was set up. Tap water was used as the working medium instead of the actual seawater and brine in SWRO desalination plants. Under steady state operating conditions, the experimental results were obtained on the variations of the pressure and flow rate to and from the energy recovery unit. The hydraulic recovery efficiency （En） of the energy recovery unit with the fluid switcher reached up to 76.83%.
