软弱多裂隙渗水岩体洞室开挖控制爆破

针对软弱多裂隙渗水岩体的不良地质构造情况 ,采用泥浆护孔、大孔距、小排距的洞室开挖控制爆破技术 ,爆破效果良好 ,可供同类工程参考。

软弱多裂隙渗水岩体洞室爆破开挖技术研究

本文详细介绍了石门子水库右岸基础处理工程软弱多裂隙渗水岩体的洞室爆破开挖的方法、参数和爆破效果。可供同类工程参考。

巷道围岩渗水对树脂锚杆锚固力的影响性分析

在围岩渗水严重的巷道,进行树脂锚杆的锚固时,锚固力往往低于理论计算值,其可靠性难以保证。结合现场和实验室试验,对树脂锚杆锚固时,钻孔内有流水和钻孔内有积水条件下锚固力的影响进行了分析,并结合现场应用,提出了在此条件下提高锚固力的一些途径。

北石窟寺地下水与石窟岩体潮湿渗水的关系及地下水治理措施

本文通过对庆阳北石窟寺地层岩性地质构造和水文地质特征的分析,认为受窟前二级阶地阻挡和岩层斜层理向山倾影响,排泄不畅的地下基岩裂隙水,是北石窟寺洞窟岩体潮湿、渗水的重要原因之一,也是窟内空气湿度大,形成凝结水的原因之一。在此基础上提出了地下水治理措施,并对北石窟寺地下水治理工程作了介绍。

基于热流耦合方法的岩体内渗水水温变化过程模拟

鉴于正确判断出水原因及渗水来源是制定防渗加固措施的重要依据,将热流耦合方法引入到岩体裂隙渗水计算中,分析渗水来源、渗水量、渗漏路径及岩体温度等对渗水温度的影响程度。结合某实际工程导流洞首次过流时在附近出现的10个渗水点,应用该方法模拟由导流洞到出水点的渗水过程。结果表明,6个出水点的温度仿真结果与实测水温接近,佐证了渗水来自导流洞的推断;2个距导流洞较近的出水点仿真温度偏高,极有可能是真实的渗漏路径较长所致;另有2个位置较远的点仿真温度偏低,初步推测可能受周边温度较低的地下水影响。这说明热流耦合方法可应用于模拟岩体裂隙中渗水水温变化过程,为初步判断岩体内渗水来源提供了依据。

水利水电岩质边坡的加固技术分析

针对当前水利水电岩质边坡存在的稳定性问题,研究了岩质边坡的稳定性分析以及加固技术的具体类型。结果表明,控制水利水电岩质边坡要从梁结构的预灌浆技术、岩体渗水控制技术以及深埋混凝土结构技术入手。

Macroscopic and microscopic mechanical behavior and seepage characteristics of coal under hydro-mechanical coupling

Understanding the physical,mechanical behavior,and seepage characteristics of coal under hydro-mechanical coupling holds significant importance for ensuring the stability of surrounding rock formations and preventing gas outbursts.Scanning electron microscopy,uniaxial tests,and triaxial tests were conducted to comprehensively analyze the macroscopic and microscopic physical and mechanical characteristics of coal under different soaking times.Moreover,by restoring the stress path and water injection conditions of the protective layer indoors,we explored the coal mining dynamic behavior and the evolution of permeability.The results show that water causes the micro-surface of coal to peel off and cracks to expand and develop.With the increase of soaking time,the uniaxial and triaxial strengths were gradually decreased with nonlinear trend,and decreased by 63.31%and 30.95%after soaking for 240 h,respectively.Under different water injection pressure conditions,coal permeability undergoes three stages during the mining loading process and ultimately increases to higher values.The peak stress of coal,the deviatoric stress and strain at the permeability surge point all decrease with increasing water injection pressure.The results of this research can help improve the understanding of the coal mechanical properties and seepage evolution law under hydro-mechanical coupling.

白石岭隧道坍方冒顶的处理与经验体会

重点介绍深圳市白石岭大断面公路隧道,在全-强风化的花岗岩及第四系坡、残积土施工中遇到花岗岩微风化球体的不良地质条件。由于大气降水、围岩渗水致使围岩缺乏自稳性,造成隧道连续大规模坍方冒顶,并列举典型事例,介绍事故处理措施、过程和效果,对施工中的经验教训进行了归纳总结,提出一些看法和建议。

小浪底水利枢纽左坝肩4^#排水洞渗漏问题分析

小浪底水利枢纽左坝肩4#排水洞是地下发电厂房上游的主要排水帷幕,通过对其排水量长期观测资料与渗压计监测资料以及库水位之间的线性特征进行了综合分析,合理解释了4#排水洞的水量变化与渗漏来源和途径之间的关系,确定了洞水遵循未饱和岩体渗水规律,水量主要来自绕坝渗漏,初步判定了库水渗漏点位置.为绕坝渗漏治理方案提供了切实可靠的依据.

河南伏牛山的大鲵

大鲵(andriaS davidianuS)俗称“娃娃鱼”,已被列为国家二级保护动物。伏牛山是大鲵的主产区之一,近年来,我们对这一地区的大鲵生物学特性做了专题观察,现将结果报道如下。

Influence of underground water seepage flow on surrounding rock deformation of multi-arch tunnel

Based on a typical multi-arch tunnel in a freeway, the fast Lagrangian analysis of continua in 3 dimensions(FLAC3D) was used to calculate the surrounding rock deformation of the tunnel under which the effect of underground water seepage flow was taken into account or not. The distribution of displacement field around the multi-arch tunnel, which is influenced by the seepage field, was gained. The result indicates that the settlement values of the vault derived from coupling analysis are bigger when considering the seepage flow effect than that not considering. Through the contrast of arch subsidence quantities calculated by two kinds of computation situations, and the comparison between the calculated and measured value of tunnel vault settlement, it is found that the calculated value(5.7-6.0 mm) derived from considering the seepage effect is more close to the measured value(5.8-6.8 mm). Therefore, it is quite necessary to consider the seepage flow effect of the underground water in aquiferous stratum for multi-arch tunnel design.

Analysis of the Harmfulness of Water-Inrush from Coal Seam Floor Based on Seepage Instability Theory

A theory of seepage instability was used to estimate the harmfulness of water-inrush from a coal seam floor in a particular coal mine of the Mining Group,Xuzhou. Based on the stratum column chart in this coal mine,the distribu-tion of stress in mining floors when the long-wall mining was respectively pushed along to 100 m and to 150 m was simulated by using the numerical software (RFPA2D). The permeability parameters of the coal seam floor are described given the relationship between permeability parameters. Strain and the water-inrush-indices were calculated. The wa-ter-inrush-index was 67.2% when the working face was pushed to 100 m,showing that water-inrush is possible and it was 1630% when the working face was pushed to 150 m,showing that water-inrush is quite probable. The results show that as long-wall mining is pushed along,the failure zone is enlarged,the strain increased,and fissures developed cor-respondingly,resulting in the formation of water-inrush channels. Accompanied by the failure of the strata,the perme-ability increased exponentially. In contrast,the non-Darcy flow β factor and the acceleration coefficient decreased ex-ponentially,while the increase in the water-inrush-index was nearly exponential and the harmfulness of water-inrush in the coal mine increased accordingly.

Displacement behavior and mechanism of long-term water flooding in sandstone oil reservoirs

Sandstone oil reservoirs with huge bottom water and high permeability are generally developed with high flow rate.After long-term water flooding(LTWF),the water flooding characteristics are quite different from that of original reservoir.In this paper,the effects of the PV number,viscosity,and displacement rate during LTWF are studied through experiments.The mechanism is analyzed based on analysis of changes in oil composition,rock mineral composition and wettability.The oil-water relative permeability curves,oil recovery and wettability were obtained with new experiments methods,which avoids the oil metering error by measuring oil and water separately.The research indicates that when the viscosity increases,the water phase permeability decreases,the residual oil saturation increases,and the water content rate increases earlier.A higher water flooding rate results in a higher ultimate recovery.A higher asphaltene content results in a higher viscosity and more oil-wet reservoir conditions.After LTWF,the wettability tends to water-wet,which is more favorable for heavy oil recovery.Moreover,LTWF reduces the clay content,which creates a more water-wet surface and a larger reservoir pore throat environment.This research provides insightful characteristics of offshore sandstone oil reservoirs,which can be used to enhance oil recovery.

Analysis on mechanism and key factors of surrounding rock instability in deeply inclined roadway affected by argillation and water seepage

Based on the characteristics of surrounding rocks for deeply inclined roadway affected by argillation and water seepage, a structure model of layer crack plate was established to analyze the shear sliding instability mechanism. Through solid mechanics analysis of anchored surrounding rock with defect from water seepage, combined with numerical analysis for instability mechanism under water seepage in deeply inclined roadway, key factors were proposed. Results show that with increasing height of layer crack plate, lateral buckling critical load value for high wall of the roadway decreases; there is a multistage distribution for tensile stress along the anchor bolt with defect under pulling state condition;groundwater seepage seriously affects the strength of surrounding rock of the roadway, to some extent the plastic zone of the high side rises up to 8 m. Finally some support strategies were proposed for the inclined roadway and successfully applied to Haoyuan coal mine in Tiela mining area,western China.

Determination of microscopic waterflooding characteristics and influence factors in ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoir

Actual sandstone micromodel was used in this work to conduct the microscopic waterflooding experiment of ultra-low sandstone reservoir,since the inside seepage characteristics of microscopic waterflooding process of Chang 8 ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoir of Upper Triassic Yanchang formation in Huaqing region of the Ordos Basin,China is difficult to observe directly.Combined with physical property,casting thin sections,constant-rate mercury injection capillary pressure and nuclear magnetic resonance,the influence of reservoir property on the waterflooding characteristics in pores were analyzed and evaluated.Seepage paths of waterflooding characteristics were divided into four types:homogeneous seepage,reticular-homogeneous seepage,finger-reticular seepage and finger-like seepage,the waterflooding efficiency of which decreases in turn.More than 70%of residual oil occurs as flowing-around seepage and oil film.Physical property,pore structure and movable fluid characteristics are all controlled by digenesis and their impacts on waterflooding efficiency are in accordance.Generally,the pore throat radius size and distribution and movable fluid percentage are closely related to waterflooding law.

Influences of strain softening and seepage on elastic and plastic solutions of circular openings in nonlinear rock masses

Considering the influence of strain softening, the solutions of stress, displacement, plastic softening region radius and plastic residual region radius were derived for circular openings in nonlinear rock masses subjected to seepage. The radial stress distribution curve, ground reaction curve, and relation curve between plastic softening region radius and supporting force in three different conditions were drawn respectively. From the comparisons among these results for different conditions, it is found that when the supporting force is the same, the displacement of tunnel wall considering both seepage and strain softening is 85.71% greater than that only considering seepage. The increase values of radial displacement at 0.95 m and plastic softening region radius at 6.6 m show that the seepage and strain softening have the most unfavorable effects on circular opening stability in strain softening rock masses.

Evaluation of hydrogeochemical characteristics and the impact of weathering in seepage water collected within the sedimentary formation

A study was conducted by collecting eight seepage water samples that drain through the sedimentary rocks, mainly sandstone and shale, to evaluate the hydro- geochemical characteristics. The collected samples were analyzed for physico-chemical parameters using standard procedures. Three water types were identified in the Piper plot and the hydrogeochemical evolution starts from a Ca- C1 facies （type 1） via mixed Ca-Mg-C1 and Ca-Na-HCO3 facies （type 2） to Na-C1 facies （type 3）. Increasing trend of electrical conductivity （EC） values were observed from type 1 water to type 3 water. Lower ionic concentrations with an average EC value of 35.7 kts/cm in Ca-C1 facies indicate the recharge water by monsoonal rainfall, and ion exchange/weathering process is reflected in the mixing zone. Higher ionic concentration with an average EC value of 399 kts/cm is noted in Na-C1 facies, which indicates the ion exchange during water-rock interaction. Higher log pCO2 values are also found in this facies, revealing the longer residence time of seepage water in the rock matrix, which release more ions into the water. The relative mobility of elements during weathering suggest that the order of mobility in both sandstone and shale is Na 〉 Ca 〉 Mg 〉 K. It was observed that thehydrogeochemistry of seepage water is mainly controlled by the bedrock geology.

Nonlinear coupling analysis of coal seam floor during mining based on FLAC^3D

Based on the hydro-geological conditions of 1028 mining face in Suntuan Coal Mine, mining seepage strain mechanism of seam floor was simulated by a nonlinear coupling method, which applied fluid-solid coupling analysis module of FLAC^3D. The results indicate that the permeability coefficient of adjoining rock changes a lot due to mining. The maximum value reaches 1 379.9 times to the original value, where it is at immediate roof of the mined-out area. According to the analysis on the seepage field, mining does not destroy water resistance of the floor aquiclude. The mining fissure does not conduct lime-stone aquifer, and it is less likely to form damage. The plastic zone does not exactly correspond to the seepage area, and the scope of the altered seepage area is much larger than the plastic zone.

Rules for confidence intervals of permeability coefficients for water flow in over-broken rock mass

Based on the steady-state seepage method, we used the Mechanical Testing and Simulation 815.02 System and a self-designed seepage instrument for over-broken stone to measure seepage properties of water flows in three types of crushed rock samples. Three methods of confidence interval in describing permeability coefficients are presented: the secure interval, the calculated interval and the systemic interval. The lower bound of the secure interval can be applied to water-inrush and the upper bound can solve the problem of connectivity. For the calculated interval, as the axial pressure increases, the length of confidence interval is shortened and the upper and lower bounds are reduced. For the systemic interval, the length of its confidence interval, as well as the upper and lower bounds, clearly vary under low axial pressure but are fairly similar under high axial pressure. These three methods provide useful information and references for analyzing the permeability coefficient of over-broken rock.

Crack propagation mechanism of compression-shear rock under static-dynamic loading and seepage water pressure

To reveal the water inrush mechanics of underground deep rock mass subjected to dynamic disturbance such as blasting, compression-shear rock crack initiation rule and the evolution of crack tip stress intensity factor are analyzed under static-dynamic loading and seepage water pressure on the basis of theoretical deduction and experimental research. It is shown that the major influence factors of the crack tip stress intensity factor are seepage pressure, dynamic load, static stress and crack angle. The existence of seepage water pressure aggravates propagation of branch cracks. With the seepage pressure increasing, the branch crack experiences unstable extension from stable propagation. The dynamic load in the direction of maximum main stress increases type I crack tip stress intensity factor and its influence on type II crack intensity factor is related with crack angle and material property. Crack initiation angle changes with the dynamic load. The initial crack initiation angle of type I dynamic crack fracture is 70.5°. The compression-shear crack initial strength is related to seepage pressure, confining pressure, and dynamic load. Experimental results verify that the initial crack strength increases with the confining pressure increasing, and decreases with the seepage pressure increasing.