变形双重介质分形油藏渗流流动分析

研究了变形双重介质分形油藏渗流问题的压力不稳定响应 ,考虑了储层的双重介质特征和分形特征以及应力敏感地层中介质的变形问题 ,建立了新的应力敏感地层双重分形介质数学模型 ,包括只有裂缝发生形变和裂缝与岩石同时发生形变时定产量生产的两类数学模型。渗透率依赖于孔隙压力变化的流动方程是强非线性的 ,故采用数值方法求解了这些数学模型。探讨了分形参数、变形参数和双重介质参数变化时压力的变化规律 ,给出了典型的压力曲线图板。这些结果可用于试井分析。

多孔介质中单相对流换热分析的流体渗流模式

自然界和工程上常遇到多孔介质的渗流流动和传热传质，具体的研究分析总要涉及渗流的模式问题．本文对经典达西流和Ｆｏｒｃｈｈｅｉｍｅｒ扩展达西流、Ｂｒｉｎｋｍａｎ扩展达西流以及Ｆｏｒｃｈ－ｈｅｉｍｅｒ－Ｂｒｉｎｋｍａｎ－Ｄａｒｃｙ流模式作了简明、系统的整理和综述，分析其适用的场合。

粘塑性流体在分层介质中的流动规律

分析了地下流体矿藏在开采过程中渗流流动复杂性机理,介绍了粘塑性流体剪切应力与速度梯度之间的非线性关系,在此基础上,分析了在均匀介质和分层均匀介质中渗流流动规律,并定性研究了粘塑流体在非均匀介质中的流动特性。

影响液体流动的纸基芯片参数和通道结构分析

为了探究纸基微流控芯片的材料参数和微通道结构对液体流动特性的影响,使用COMSOL仿真软件建立微通道模型,通过更改纸基的孔隙率和渗透率,设计新的微通道结构,对液体在纸基材中的流动特性进行仿真研究;仿真结果显示孔隙率和渗透率越大纸基材的液体吸入量越大,液体渗透速度越快;液体在正梯形结构的纸基微通道上具有最佳的流动特性。纸基材料的参数和流道结构对液体的流动特性具有一定影响,其对于纸基微流控芯片的制作选材与芯片设计具有重要意义。

上覆远程卸压岩体移动特性与瓦斯抽采技术

运用数值模拟和现场试验相结合的研究方法,研究上覆远程卸压岩体移动和裂隙分布以及远程卸压瓦斯的渗流流动特性,提出了符合远程卸压瓦斯流动特性的远程瓦斯抽采方法。通过淮南潘一矿煤与瓦斯安全高效共采试验证明,底板巷道网格式上向穿层钻孔远程瓦斯抽采方法可以区域性地消除卸压煤层的突出危险性,有效地降低卸压煤层的瓦斯含量,实现高瓦斯、煤与瓦斯突出危险煤层的安全高效开采。

山东省德州地区地下水流场动态分析

地下水的开采对于地面沉降影响较大,尤其是对于一些特定含水层,过量的开采会导致形成地面沉降漏斗,存在一定安全隐患。基于三维非稳定渗流模型,以试点法为计算手段对德州市德城区进行地下水不同含水层渗流流场分析。分析不同开采量条件下特定含水层渗流流场特性,揭示了地下水在特定含水层中的运动规律,可为计算地面沉降问题提供参考依据。

煤矿地质防治水的关键技术与方法分析

煤矿地质防治水是煤矿开采过程中的重要问题。本文综述了煤矿地质防治水的关键技术与方法。首先介绍了地下水流动与渗流理论、水文地质调查与监测技术、环境影响评估等关键技术。其次讨论了地下水防治与治理技术、排水系统与水资源利用技术。接着探讨了数值模拟与预测、数据分析与监测、智能决策支持系统以及非传统水处理技术在煤矿地质防治水中的应用。

Experimental and CFD Study on the Role of Fluid Flow Pattern on Membrane Permeate Flux

This paper reports a study on the role of fluid flow pattern and dynamic pressure on the permeate flux through a micro filtration membrane in laboratory scale.For this purpose,a dead-end membrane cell equipped with a marine type impeller was used.The impeller was set to rotate in the clockwise and counter clockwise directions with the same angular velocities in order to illustrate the effect of rotation direction on permeate flux.Consequently, permeate fluxes were measured at various impeller rotational speeds.The computational fluid dynamics（CFD）predicted dynamic pressure was related to the fluxes obtained in the experiments.Using the CFD modeling,it is proven that the change in dynamic pressure upon the membrane surface has direct effect on the permeate flux.

Nonlinear flow numerical simulation of low-permeability reservoir

A nonlinear flow reservoir mathematical model was established based on the flow characteristic of low-permeability reservoir.The well-grid equations were deduced and the dimensionless permeability coefficient was introduced to describe the permeability variation of nonlinear flow.The nonlinear flow numerical simulation program was compiled based on black-oil model.A quarter of five-spot well unit was simulated to study the effect of nonlinear flow on the exploitation of low-permeability reservoir.The comprehensive comparison and analysis of the simulation results of Darcy flow,quasi-linear flow and nonlinear flow were provided.The dimensionless permeability coefficient distribution was gained to describe the nonlinear flow degree.The result shows that compared with the results of Darcy flow,when considering nonlinear flow,the oil production is low,and production decline is rapid.The fluid flow in reservoir consumes more driving energy,which reduces the water flooding efficiency.Darcy flow model overstates the reservoir flow capability,and quasi-linear flow model overstates the reservoir flow resistance.The flow ability of the formation near the well and artificial fracture is strong while the flow ability of the formation far away from the main streamline is weak.The nonlinear flow area is much larger than that of quasi-linear flow during the fluid flow in low-permeability reservoir.The water propelling speed of nonlinear flow is greatly slower than that of Darcy flow in the vertical direction of artificial fracture,and the nonlinear flow should be taken into account in the well pattern arrangement of low-permeability reservoir.

Generation and propagation characteristics of fluctuation pressure in hydraulic fracturing with unstable fluid-injection

Different from the stable injection mode of conventional hydraulic fracturing,unstable fluid-injection can bring significant dynamic effect by using variable injection flow rate,which is beneficial to improve the fracturing effect.Obviously,the propagation process of fracturing fluid along the pipe string is crucial.In this paper,the fluid transient dynamics model in the pipe string was established,considering the boundary conditions of variable injection flow rate and reservoir seepage,and the unsteady friction was also taken into account.The above model was solved by characteristics and finite difference method respectively.Furthermore,the influences of geological parameters and fluid injection schemes on fluctuating pressure were also analyzed.The results show that unstable fluid-injection can cause noticeable fluctuation of fracturing fluid in the pipe string.Simultaneously,there is attenuation during the propagation of pressure fluctuation.The variation frequency of unstable fluid-injection and well depth have significant effects on pressure fluctuation amplitude at the bottom of the well.This research is conducive to understanding the mechanism of unstable fluid-injection hydraulic fracturing and providing guidance for the design of fluid-injection scheme.

Debris Flows Introduced in Landslide Deposits under Rainfall Conditions:The Case of Wenjiagou Gully

Debris flows often occur in landslide deposits during heavy rainstorms.Debris flows are initiated by surface water runoff and unsaturated seepage under rainfall conditions.A physical model based on an infinitely long,uniform and void-rich sediment layer was applied to analyze the triggering of debris-flow introduced in landslide deposits.To determine the initiation condition for rainfall-induced debris flows,we conducted a surface water runoff and saturated-unsaturated seepage numerical program to model rainfall infiltration and runoff on a slope.This program was combined with physical modeling and stability analysis to make certain the initiation condition for rainfall-introduced debris flows.Taking the landslide deposits at Wenjiagou gully as an example,the initiation conditions for debris flow were computed.The results show that increase height of surface-water runoff and the decrease of saturated sediment shear strength of are the main reasons for triggering debris-flows under heavy rainfall conditions.The debris-flow triggering is affected by the depth of surface-water runoff,the slope saturation and shear strength of the sediment.

Finite element simulation on percolation of low permeability reservoir with permeability anisotropy

In low permeability porous media which permeability anisotropy is ubiquitous,the percolation of fluid no longer follows linear Darcy’s Law.Oil-water two phase flow equation of low permeability reservoir with permeability anisotropy is established based on generalized Darcy’s law and starting pressure gradient,corresponding finite element program is developed and simulated based on the Finite Element Program Generator system (FEPG).The results show that energy-gathering exists in the flow event of flowing area front in low permeability reservoir.In the process of energy-gathering,the flow velocity changed little but increased rapidly as soon as the pressure gradient exceeded the starting pressure gradient of the reservoir,then gradually stabilized.The greater the starting pressure gradient is,the greater the near wellbore pressure drop is,the smaller the area influenced by the reservoir pressure changes caused by water injection and oil recovery.The greater the starting pressure gradient is,the lower the water saturation in same point of the reservoir is,the smaller the water flood swept area is.There will be more difficulties in water injection to the same extent.

Coupled Seepage and Heat Transfer Intake Model

In the beach well intake system, heat is transferred from soil to fluid when seawater is filtered through the aquifer, providing higher temperature source water to the seawater source heat pump (SWHP) system in winter. A 3-D coupled seepage and heat transfer model for studying beach well intake system is established by adopting the computer code FLUENT. Numerical results of this model are compared with the experimental results under the same conditions. Based on the experiment-verified coupled model, numerical simulation of the supply water tem-perature is studied over a heating season. Results show that the minimum temperature of supply water is 275.2 K when this intake system continuously provides seawater with flow rate of 35 m3/h to SWHP. Results also indicate that the supply water temperature is higher than seawater, and that the minimum temperature of supply water lags behind seawater, ensuring effective and reliable operation of SWHP.

XFEM modeling of hydraulic fracture in porous rocks with natural fractures

Hydraulic fracture （HF） in porous rocks is a complex multi-physics coupling process which involves fluid flow, diffusion and solid deformation. In this paper, the extended finite element method （XFEM） coupling with Biot theory is developed to study the HF in permeable rocks with natural fractures （NFs）. In the recent XFEM based computational HF models, the fluid flow in fractures and interstitials of the porous media are mostly solved separately, which brings difficulties in dealing with complex fracture morphology. In our new model the fluid flow is solved in a unified framework by considering the fractures as a kind of special porous media and introducing Poiseuille-type flow inside them instead of Darcy-type flow. The most advantage is that it is very convenient to deal with fluid flow inside the complex frac^xre network, which is important in shale gas extraction. The weak formulation for the new coupled model is derived based on virtual work principle, which includes the XFEM formulation for multiple fractures and fractures intersection in porous media and finite element formulation for the unified fluid flow. Then the plane strain Kristianovic-Geertsma-de Klerk （KGD） model and the fluid flow inside the fracture network are simulated to validate the accuracy and applicability of this method. The numerical results show that large injection rate, low rock permeability and isotropic in-situ stresses tend to lead to a more uniform and productive fracture network.

Numerical 3D Model of Viscous Turbulent Flow in One Stage Gas Turbine and Its Experimental Validation

The paper describes 3D numerical Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) model and approximate sector approach for viscous turbulent flow through flow path of one stage axial supercharge gas turbine of marine diesel engine. Computational data are tested by comparison with experimental data. The back step flow path opening and tip clearance jet are taken into account.This approach could be applied for variety of turbine theory and design tasks: for offer optimal design in order to minimize kinetic energy stage losses; for solution of partial supply problem; for analysis of flow pattern in near extraction stages; for estimation of rotational frequency variable forces on blades; for sector vane adjustment (with thin leading edges mainly), for direct flow modeling in the turbine etc. The development of this work could be seen in the direction of unsteady stage model application.

Threshold pressure gradient of fluid flow through multi-porous media in low and extra-low permeability reservoirs

After analyzing many studies of fluid flow theory of multi-porous media in low and extra-low permeability reservoirs and the numerical simulation of non-Darcy flow, we found that a negative flow rate occurs in the existing non-Darcy flow equation, which is unreasonable. We believe that the existing equation can only be considered as a discriminant to judging Darcy flow or non-Darcy flow, and cannot be taken as a fluid flow governing equation of multi-porous media. Our analysis of the experimental results shows that the threshold pressure gradient(TPG) of low and extra-low permeability reservoirs is excessively high, and does not conform to fluid flow through multi-porous media in the actual reservoir situation. Therefore, we present a reasonable TPG ranging from 0.006 to 0.04 MPa/m at the well depth of 1500 m and oil drainage distance of 500 m. The results of our study also indicate that the non-Darcy flow phenomenon will disappear when the TPG reaches a certain value. In addition, the TPG or non-Darcy flow in low and extra-low permeability reservoirs does not need to be considered in the productivity prediction and reservoir numerical simulation. At present, the black oil model or dual-porous media is suitable for simulating low and extra-low permeability reservoirs.

INFLUENCE OF SLIP VELOCITY ON BLOOD FLOW THROUGH AN ARTERY WITH PERMEABLE WALL： A THEORETICAL STUDY

A theoretical investigation concerning the influence of slip velocity on the flow of blood through an artery having its wall permeable has been carried out. Here blood is treated as a homogeneous Newtonian fluid. The flow is characterized by three parameters： /3 the ratio of radius to length of the arterial segment, Re the characteristic Reynolds number associated with the pressure outside the arterial segment and c the filtration coe^cient. The problem has been solved by the use of a perturbation technique, e is considered to be very small, ensuring the validity of the perturbation method. The computed numerical results are presented graphically to depict the variations in velocity, volumetric flow rate, wall shear stress and flow resistance.