含钒炉渣碱法水热过程提取钒机理

针对有毒的提钒尾渣及含钒钢渣年排放量巨大、无法综合利用的问题,研究含钒炉渣回收钒的过程机理。SEM分析结果表明,提钒尾渣中的钒集中赋存于赤铁矿相(Fe_2O_3)和铁板钛矿相(Fe_2TiO_5)中,同时也有一部分赋存于含Si锥辉石相(NaFe(SiO_3)_2)中;钢渣中的钒则主要赋存在硅酸二钙、硅酸三钙、铁酸钙相中和自由氧化物。根据四价钒和五价钒具有碱溶性的特性,得出提钒尾渣中92%的钒和钢渣中94%的钒是碱溶性的。通过温度和碱浓度对含钒炉渣物相的影响实验得知,温度对硅酸盐相的破坏作用显著,碱浓度与硅酸盐相的分解率呈线性增加的关系。通过NaOH介质水热过程分解含钒炉渣,钒的浸出率高于90%。

利用制钒废水中回收的含钒铬渣制备多钒酸铵的工艺研究

研究了以钒制品厂含钒废水中回收的含钒铬废渣为原料制备多钒酸铵的工艺。该工艺是将从含钒铬废渣中得到的含钒溶液进行净化除杂、浓缩、沉钒,制得多钒酸铵。其中,钒回收率可以达到95.77%,沉钒条件:pH=1.8-2.2,温度95℃,加铵系数为4。

含钒渣对铝碳材料的侵蚀

为了探讨含矾渣对铝碳材料的侵蚀机制,用动态感应抗渣法研究了w(V2O5)=10%、碱度2.8,w(V2O5)=6%、碱度2.8,w(V2O5)=6%、碱度1.44的3种含钒渣对铝碳材料的侵蚀。结果表明:随着V2O5含量(w)由6%增加到10%,铝碳材料的熔损指数增加;随着碱度的增加,铝碳材料的熔损指数也增加;添加电熔镁砂有助于提高铝碳材料的抗侵蚀性能。显微分析表明:V、Ti元素渗透能力强,渗透深,而尖晶石可固溶少量V2O5、MnO及FeO。

倾动炉冶炼AOD含钒渣制硅钒合金

介绍了针对AOD精炼炉从含钒铁水中扒出的钒渣,提出了一套倾动电炉冶炼制取硅钒合金工艺,详细叙述了冶炼原理、电炉参数及操作等,并对除尘系统进行了具体设计。

含铬钒渣的资源化综合利用研究

介绍了磷化工行业钒铬废渣高值化清洁利用工艺路线,并对其关键技术进行了研究,包括新型萃取体系的研发与优化、萃取机理的探讨、萃取中间层形成机理与控制方法等。在此基础上,与上下游单元无缝链接,形成了钒铬废渣全组分综合利用工艺包,并建成了1.5万t/a规模的钒铬废渣示范工程,获得了良好的经济、社会、环境效益。

制钒废水中钒铬渣制备碱式硫酸铬的工艺研究

以钒制品厂含钒废水中回收的含钒铬废渣为原料,以HG/T 2678—2007工业碱式硫酸铬为检测标准,研究制备碱式硫酸铬的工艺。该工艺是将提钒后的铬渣进行浓酸熟化、浸取废渣中的铬后,再将浸取液除铁和纯化,制备达到纯度要求的氢氧化铬,最后按产品要求,与一定比例硫酸反应制成碱式硫酸铬。该工艺铬回收率达到89.61%,产品符合HG/T 2678—2007的要求,其中三氧化二铬质量分数可以达到31%。

CaO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3-MgO-V_2O_5渣系中钒还原动力学研究

在实验室条件下,以CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-V2O5为基渣,进行了碳饱和铁水还原V2O5反应的动力学研究。考察时间、温度、炉渣碱度、炉渣组分、初始V2O5浓度等因素对还原反应速度和还原程度的影响。实验结果表明:渣中V2O5含量随时间逐渐降低,而相应地铁液中V的含量逐渐升高;高温、合适的渣碱度、大的铁渣比以及高的初始V2O5含量,使得还原反应进行较快,效果较好。

石煤钒矿提钒新工艺研究

硫酸化焙烧-水浸提取石煤钒矿中钒的工艺是可行的,且工艺的适应性强、简单,易于产业化,是一种新的提钒技术。石煤钒矿硫酸化焙烧合适工艺技术为硫酸配入量35%、焙烧温度300℃和焙烧时间0.5 h,钒的浸出率>92%。

含钒尾渣NaOH亚熔盐浸出提钒

研究了含钒尾渣NaOH亚熔盐法分解过程中主要反应因素对钒浸出率的影响规律,获得了最佳工艺参数,并对反应机理进行了探讨.结果表明,反应温度、反应时间及碱渣质量比是最重要的反应因素,其影响程度为反应温度(T)>反应时间(t)>碱渣质量比(r);含钒尾渣最佳浸出条件为:反应温度170℃,尾渣粒度-74μm,反应时间3h,碱渣质量比4:1及搅拌速度700r/min.在此条件下,钒浸出率高于90%.含钒尾渣亚熔盐浸出钒过程前期为化学反应控制,反应活化能为27.69kJ/mol,NaOH亚熔盐介质通过破坏含硅玻璃体包裹相(辉石相)实现含钒尾渣中钒的高效浸出.

钒钛磁铁矿还原磨选法含钒钛尾渣提钒研究

为探索钒钛磁铁矿经还原-磨选工艺得到的含钒钛尾渣适宜的提钒方法,对比研究了钠化提钒和酸浸提钒两种提钒工艺,研究发现,采用钠化法提钒,钒的浸出率仅为18%左右,采用酸浸法提钒,钒的浸出率在70%以上。钒钛磁铁矿还原磨选法含钒钛尾渣宜采用酸浸提钒的方法进行处理。对物料特性及提钒过程可能发生的物理化学变化分析表明,钒钛磁铁矿还原磨选法含钒钛尾渣钠化法提钒在焙烧过程钒易形成包裹,而酸浸法提钒在预氧化焙烧过程钒不会形成包裹体现象是其钒浸出率较高的主要原因。

攀钢铁水罐用后高铝残砖分析

利用化学分析、X射线衍射仪、电子探针以及热力学等方法对攀钢铁水罐用后高铝残砖进行了分析。结果表明:残砖几乎没有挂渣层。含钒钛渣由于表面张力小,黏度低,在高铝砖中的渗透很深;渣中的V2O5、TiO2、MnO、FeO等与高铝砖中组分反应生成的固溶体和化合物(如尖晶石、刚玉、钙长石等)中均发现固溶有V2O5;变质层的形成导致了致密化热震剥落;而较高的气孔率也是高铝砖损毁严重的另一重要原因。

Safe utilization of chromium-bearing vanadate residue by recovery of vanadium and chromium based on calcium circulation

A safe,economical treatment of hazardous chromium-bearing vanadate residue(CVR)will significantly benefit the clean production of chromate-bearing salts.This study investigated recovery of sodium vanadate and sodium chromate from CVR in sodium bicarbonate solution.Results indicate that the stability of calcium vanadate and calcium chromate depends on pH and[HCO3?].CaV2O6?4H2O transforms into CaV2O6?4H2O,CaV2O6?2H2O,CaV2O6,Ca2V2O7?2H2O,and Ca5(VO4)3(OH)when pH increases from 7.51 to 12.32.Increasing pH and reducing CVR dosage improve the vanadate extraction rate,and high V2O5 and Na2Cr2O7?2H2O extraction rates are achieved in dilute NaHCO3 solution.Moreover,addition of NaOH positively contributes to the recovery of vanadate and chromate from CVR.Over 95%V2O5 and Na2Cr2O7?2H2O in CVR can be extracted from 60 g/L NaHCO3 and 30 g/L NaOH solutions at 90°C for 2 h.In order to reduce the hazardous residue containing chromate after recovery of CVR,calcium circulation is presented.Results show that more than 60%lime can be saved with fresh residue addition to remove vanadate from sodium chromate solution due to the active CaCO3.Moreover,no lime is required in removal of vanadate when the roasting residue is added.Therefore,a novel process is developed for utilization of CVR.

Effects of MgO/Al2O3 ratio on viscous behaviors and structures of MgO-Al2O3-TiO2-CaO-SiO2 slag systems with high TiO2 content and low CaO/SiO2 ratio

The effects of MgO/Al2 O3 ratio on the viscous behaviors of MgO-Al2 O3-TiO2-CaO-SiO2 systems were investigated by the rotating cylinder method.Raman spectroscopy was used to analyze the structural characteristics of slag and Factsage 7.0 was adopted to demonstrate the liquidus temperature of slag.The results show that the viscosity and activation energy for viscous flow decrease when the MgO/Al2O3 ratio increases from 0.82 to 1.36.The break point temperature and liquidus temperature of slag initially decrease and subsequently increase.The complex viscous structures are gradually depolymerized to simple structural units.In conclusion,with the increase of MgO/Al2O3 ratio,the degree of polymerization of slag decreases,which improves the fluidity of slag.The variations of liquidus temperature of slag lead to the same changes of break point temperature.

低含钒刚玉渣直接熔炼制备硅钒合金研究

刚玉渣是采用铝热法冶炼50或80钒铁过程中产生的固体废渣,为了提高含钒刚玉渣的利用价值,试验以刚玉渣、硅铁、石灰石、碳化钙和碳酸钠为主要原料,采用电炉熔炼制备硅钒合金。选择石灰石作为造渣剂,研究了石灰石添加量对渣的物相和钒收率的影响,结果表明:终渣中CaO含量为22%时,钒的回收率可以达到96.5%;选择硅铁作为还原剂,当配硅系数增加到105%时,钒的回收率增加到最大值96.2%;选择碳化钙作脱磷剂,CaC_(2)添加量达3.5%时,脱磷率增加到最大值72%;采用CaO+2%Na_(2)CO_(3)组合进行脱硫,渣中CaO含量由16%增加到22%时,脱硫率由70%增加到86%。

Vanadium extraction and dephosphorization from V-bearing hot metal with fluxes containing CaO

Extracting vanadium and removing phosphorus simultaneously by adding CaO containing materials to V-bearing hot metal were investigated under the condition of simulating the process of vanadium extraction with insufficiently supplying oxygen in converter. Through preliminary experiments, 3 h and 1375 °C were chosen as the optimum holding time and reaction temperature for formal experiments, respectively. The results of the formal experiments suggest that making basic slag can extract vanadium and remove phosphorus simultaneously. The vanadium extraction rate(ηV) and phosphorus removal rate(ηP) both increase with an increase in the basicity of the original slag materials and the Fe2O3 contents. The vanadium distribution ratio)(V L′is about an order of magnitude greater than the phosphorus distribution ratio),(P L′but the latter is more sensitive to slag basicity than the former. The phosphorus distribution ratio is beyond 6 when the basicity of the original slag materials is beyond 1, which indicates a much better performance of phosphorus removal compared to the phosphorus removal in the current process. Therefore, it is very feasible to properly raise slag basicity to remove phosphorus with consideration of the grade of vanadium slag. The relations between ηV and ηP, and between L′V and L′P are linear under the experimental conditions.

四氯化钛除钒尾渣钠化焙烧动力学研究

基于非等温热重分析研究Na_(2)CO_(3)添加量和升温速率对含钒尾渣氧化的影响规律,采用Kissinger-AkahiraSunose(KAS)法计算了含钒尾渣氧化过程活化能和指前因子,并通过Coats-Redfem法推断机理函数并建立不同阶段所适用的动力学方程。结果表明:含钒尾渣完全氧化的温度为700℃,随Na_(2)CO_(3)添加量增加,表观活化能逐渐降低,氧化速率提高;当Na_(2)CO_(3)添加量超过20%后,钒渣在氧化焙烧过程中出现玻璃相,产生烧结现象,表观活化能开始逐渐增大,氧化速率降低。钠化焙烧过程分为四个阶段,其动力学方程分别为:第一阶段二维扩散dα/dT=exp(−72.03/RT)4(1−α)^(1/2)[1−(1−α)^(1/2)]20.022/β,第二阶段三维扩散dα/dT=exp(−23.7/RT)^(3/2)(1−α)^(4/3)[(1−α)^(−1/3)−1]^(−1)0.014/β,第三阶段化学反应dα/dT=exp(−27.91/RT)(1−α)^(2)0.06/β,第四阶段形核与长大dα/dT=exp(−12.09/RT)2(1−α)[−ln(1−α)]^(1/2)0.14/β。