太阳能真空管产品工艺质量的测试技术研究

本文主要对太阳能真空管的测试方法进行研究，提出了用温位法测算太阳能真空管热损系数的方法，完善了太阳能真空管热性能的测试，为提高太阳能真空管的产品质量奠定了基础。

A Climatology of the Southwest Vortex during 1979–2008

Using a new vortex detection and tracing method, a dataset of the Southwest Vortex(SWV) is established based on Japanese 25-year Reanalysis(JRA-25) reanalysis data during 1979–2008. The spatiotemporal features of the SWV are derived from the dataset. In comparison to other seasons, summer yields the least SWVs, but with the highest probability that they will migrate from their region of origin. SWVs mostly emerge in the southwest of the Sichuan Basin and the southeast of the Tibetan Plateau. Migratory SWVs mainly move along either an eastward or southeastward path. Detailed composite analysis of warm-season SWVs shows that the subtropical high is a key factor in determining the direction of migratory SWVs. Furthermore, the steering wind at 700 hPa dominates the moving direction of migratory SWVs. Potential stability diagnosed by pseudo-equivalent potential temperature ? se is of certain significance for the evolution and movement of SWVs. On the other hand, migratory SWVs possess relatively greater strength than stationary SWVs, due to a stronger low-level jet with enhanced baroclinicity and moisture transport providing more energy to support the growth of SWVs along their paths of movement.

Influence of longitudinal slope on the mechanical response of steel deck pavement

In order to study the influence of longitudinal slope on the mechanical response of steel deck pavement,a method of slope-modulus transformation was proposed for the mechanical analysis of the steel deck pavement based on the time-temperature equivalence principle.Considering the mechanical action on a slope,a finite element model of the deck pavement was established to determine the critical load position of tensileand shear stress of the steel deck pavement.Additionally,the influence of longitudinal slope on the mechanical response of the deck pavement under the conditions of uniform speed and emergency braking was analyzed.The results indicate that the maximum transverse tensile stress at the pavement surface and the maximum transverse shear stress at the pavement bottom are always greater than their longitudinal counterparts under uniform speed.Under emergency braking,however,the critical slope gradient of t e maximum transverse and longitudinal tensile stress at t e pavement surface is 6%.The maximum longitudinal shear stess at t e pavement bottom is always greater ta n t e maximum tansverse shear stess.This stidy is helpful in t e strctural design of large longitudinal slope steel deck pavements.

Locating method of fire source for spontaneous combustion of sulfide ores

in order to achieve a more efficient way to accurately detect the position of the fire source of spontaneous combustion underground mine, a simple fire source locating method, based on infrared scanning system which can determine the point where the highest temperature on the surface of igniting ores occurs, was proposed. First, the differential equations that describe heat flow in ore body were presented and the relationship between the surface temperature distribution and the depth and intensity of inner fire source was established with a relatively simple heat transfer model. With the solution of equation, the expression of the relationship between the surface temperature distribution and the inner fire source was deduced and the mathematical-physical model of heat transfer process was set up. Then, with the model, visualization of fire source on the basis of MATLAB simulation platform was realized. The results show that： 1） within 10 m, when the detecting depth is less than 2 m, the temperature perturbation on ores surface can change rapidly, and then slowly; after 4 m, in contrast, it changes very little, and is even close to zero at 10 m; 2） When it is close to self-ignition duration and the detective depths are 2, 5 and 10 m, respectively, the maximum temperature differences are correspondingly 0.5, 0.04 and 0.005 ℃ in the scope of 1 m×1 m; under the same condition, the maximum temperature differences are 1.391, 0.136 and 0.018 ℃, respectively, in the scope of 2 m×2 m. Therefore, this system can be used to measure the temperature differences on the surface of ore body and determine the highest temperature point directly. Also, it is possible to determine the depth of fire source and its intensity by locating method of fire source indirectly.

Development of a Methodology for Determination and Analysis of Thermal Displacements of Machine Tools Using Finite Elements Method and Artificial Neural Network

In the processes of manufacturing, MT （machine tools） plays an important role in the manufacture of work pieces with complex and high dimensional and geometric accuracy. Much of the errors of a machine tool are those which are thermally induced which are from internal and external heat sources acting on the machine. In this paper, a methodology for determining and analyzing the thermal deformation of machine tools using FEM （finite element method） and ANN （artificial neural networks） is presented. After modeling the machine using FEM is defined the location of the heat sources, it is possible to obtain the temperature gradient and the corresponding thermal deformation at predetermined periods. Results obtained with simulations using the software NX.7.5 showed that this methodology is an effective tool in determining the thermal deformation of the machine, correlating the temperature reading at strategic points with volumetric deformation at the tool tip. Therefore, the thermal analysis of the errors in the pair tool part can be established. After training and validation process, the network will be able to make the prediction of thermal errors just stating the temperature values of specific points of each heat source, providing a way for compensation of thermally induced errors.

Observation on the efficacy of acupoint massage plus moxibustion for refractory insomnia

Objective：To observe the clinical efficacy of acupoint massage plus moxibustion in treating refractory insomnia. 〈br〉 Methods：Sixty patients with refractory insomnia were randomized into two groups, 30 in each group. The treatment group was intervened by acupoint massage on the face and head plus moxibustion at Yongquan （KI 1）;the control group was intervened only by the same acupoint massage. For both groups, the treatment was given once a day, and the therapeutic efficacy was evaluated after 4-week treatment. 〈br〉 Results：The total effective rate was 93.3%in the treatment group versus 80.0%in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant （P〈0.05）. 〈br〉 Conclusion：Acupoint massage plus moxibustion can produce a better efficacy than acupoint massage alone in treating refractory insomnia.

Clinical observation on warm needling moxibustion plus acupoint sticking therapy for cervical radiculopathy

Objective: To observe the clinical effect of warm needling moxibustion plus acupoint sticking therapy for cervical radiculopathy. Methods: A total of 120 cases were allocated into an observation group, a warm needling group and an acupoint sticking group according to the random number table, with 40 cases in each group. Cases in the observation group received warm needling moxibustion plus acupoint sticking therapy;cases in the warm needling group received the same warm needling moxibustion in the observation group;cases in the acupoint sticking group received the same acupoint sticking therapy in the observation group. The scores of Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) and visual analog scale (VAS) were recorded before and after treatment. Results: The total effective rate was 95.0% in the observation group, versus 77.5% in the warm needling group and 75.0% in the acupoint sticking group (both P<0.05). Inter-group differences in JOA and VAS between the observation group and the other two groups were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Warm needling moxibustion plus acupoint sticking therapy is effective in treating cervical radiculopathy, and it can significantly alleviate pain and enhance clinical efficacy, and thus is worth clinical popularization.

Warm needling moxibustion versus electroacupuncture for simple obesity due to yang deficiency of the spleen and kidney: a controlled clinical trial

Objective: To compare the therapeutic efficacy between warm needling moxibustion and electroacupuncture (EA) in the treatment of simple obesity due to yang deficiency of the spleen and kidney. Methods: Seventy patients with simple obesity due to yang deficiency of the spleen and kidney were randomly divided into a warm needling moxibustion group and an EA group, with 35 subjects in each group. Same major acupoints were selected for the two groups, including Shuifen (CV 9), Guanyuan (CV 4), Daheng (SP 15), Shuidao (ST 28), Shousanli (LI 10), Zusanli (ST 36), Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and Taixi (KI 3). The warm needling moxibustion group received warm needling moxibustion, while the EA group received EA treatment. The interventions were performed once every other day, with 15 treatments as one course. The therapeutic efficacy, body weight and body mass index (BMI) were then observed and compared. Results: The total effective rate in the warm needling moxibustion group was 85.7% versus 77.1% in the EA group, and the between-group difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The warm needling moxibustion was remarkably superior to the EA in weight loss and lowering BMI, both with statistical significance (P<0.05, P<0.01). At the three-month follow-up, the body weight and BMI further decreased in the warm needling moxibustion group (both P<0.05), and the levels were lower than those in the EA group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion: Warm needling moxibustion can produce reliable and consistent efficacy in the treatment of simple obesity due to yang deficiency of the spleen and kidney. Compared with EA, warm needling moxibustion shows advantage in both short-term and long-term efficacies, and thus is worth promotion in clinical practice.

Study on the body surface temperature variation patterns of the meridian acupoints related to the physiological status of the uterus

Objective:By observing the body surface temperature changes of different meridian acupoints located at the same or adjacent spinal segments of the uterus during the whole storing and releasing process of the uterus under normal physiological condition by the infrared thermal imaging technology,to explore the specific patterns that the functions of Zang-fu organs are reflected on the biophysical characteristics of acupoints,and to enrich the functional specificity theory of the meridian acupoints,thus to provide a reference for discussing the biophysical characteristics of meridian acupoints associated with the menstrual cycle in healthy female college students.Methods:Ninety healthy subjects were included.Infrared thermal imaging device was used to detect the body surface temperature of the Yuan-Primary points,the Xi-Cleft points,the crossing points,the non-specific points,the unrelated meridian acupoints and the non-meridian non-acupoint points of the three yin meridians of foot located at the same or adjacent spinal cord segment with uterus,during the menstrual phase,the follicular phase,the ovulation phase and the luteal phase.The absolute skin temperature difference between the left and right acupoints with the same name was used as the main outcome indicator.Results:The temperature difference between left and right Diji(SP 8,the Xi-Cleft point of the Spleen Meridian)during the ovulation phase was significantly higher than that during the other 3 phases(all P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the temperature difference between the other meridian acupoints and non-meridian non-acupoint points during the 4 phases(all P>0.05);the absolute temperature difference value of each meridian acupoint was not statistically different from each other in the same phase(all P>0.05).Conclusion:The temperature of Diji(SP 8)specifically reflected the onset of ovulation,and the thermal characteristics of Diji(SP 8)specifically reflected the physiological changes of uterus.The meridian acupoints reflecting the performance of Zang-fu function is not only associated with the spinal cord segment innervating the acupoints,but also associated with the characteristics of the acupoints and the meridians to which the acupoints belong.

Acupuncture-moxibustion Treatment for Polycystic Ovary Infertility:A Report of 20 Cases

The incidence rate of polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS） is about 5%-10% in the women of childbearing age and accounts for 30%-60% in the patients with anovulatory infertility. From 2005 to 2008, I treated 20 cases of polycystic ovary infertility by acupuncture-moxibustion plus acupressure along the meridians. Now, the report is given as follows.

Therapeutic effect of warm needling plus acupoint sticking therapy on primary dysmenorrhea due to cold-dampness retention

Objective： To observe the clinical efficacy of warm needling plus acupoint sticking therapy for primary dysmenorrhea. Methods： A total of 60 eligible cases were randomly allocated into a treatment group （n=30） and a control group （n=30） according to their sequence of consultation. Patients in the treatment group were treated with warm needling combined with acupoint sticking therapy, whereas patients in the control group were treated with oral Ibuprofen （Fenbid） capsules. After two menstrual cycles, the visual analogue scale （VAS） score, COX menstrual symptom scale （CMSS） and clinical efficacy were compared between the two groups. Results： After treatment, the VAS and CMSS scores were significantly reduced in both groups, indicating that both treatment protocols can remarkably alleviate pain. There was a between-group statistical difference in comparing the CMSS score （P〈0.05）, but no between-group statistical difference in the VAS score （P〉0.05）. However, the follow-up visit showed between-group statistical differences in comparing VOA and CMSS scores （both P〈0.01）. The clinical effect, relapse rate and long-term efficacy in the treatment group were better than those in the control group. Conclusion： Warm needling plus acupoint sticking therapy is a simple but effective therapy for primary dysmenorrhea. In addition, it causes fewer cases with relapse.

Clinical Observation on Tuina plus Warm Needling Moxibustion for Lumbar Disc Herniation

Objective： To observe the therapeutic efficacy of tuina plus warm needling moxibustion for lumbar disc herniation （LDH）. Methods： A total of 90 LDH cases were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 45 in each group. Cases in the observation group received tuina and warm needling moxibustion, whereas cases in the control group received tuina manipulation alone. Results： The total effective rate in the observation group was 88.9%, versus 75.6% in the control group, showing a statistical significance （P〈0.01）. Conclusion： Tuina in combination with warm needling moxibustion works better than tuina manipulation alone for LDH.

Experimental observation of effects of acupoints,cone numbers and durations of moxibustion with different moxibustion methods on skin surface and inside temperature

Objective:To observe the effects of acupoints,cone numbers and durations of moxibustion with different moxibustion methods on skin surface and inside temperature,and to provide references for the clinical standardization of moxibustion amount.Methods:The 42 big-ear white rabbits were divided into 6 groups according to the random number table method,a 2-cone direct moxibustion group,a 2-cone direct moxibustion group,a 3-cone direct moxibustion group,a 1-cone herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion group,a 2-cone herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion group,and a 3-cone herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion group,with 7 rabbits in each group.Shenque(CV 8);Shenshu(BL 23)and Zusanli(ST 36)were used in each group,but the moxibustion methods,cone numbers and durations of moxibustion were different・Rabbits in each group received moxibustion once every other day for 5 times in total.During the intervention,a thermoelectricity coupled probe and a temperature recorder were used to record the real-time-acupoint skin temperature and the temperature at different time points,so as to observe,analyze and process the real-time changes in the temperature difference between the surface and inside of acu point skin.Results:For herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion,the best temperature for cone changing was(46.38±0.51)℃when the highest surface temperature was(49.20±0.52)℃;the multi-factor comparison of acupoint×cone number×time and acupoint×moxibustion method×time showed that time×acupoint,time×moxibustion method and cone number×acupoint had interactive effects(all P<0.05).Comparing skin temperature differences between different cone numbers at the same acupoint,Shenque(CV 8)on the 1st and the 5th days,Shenshu(BL 23)on the 3rd and the 7th days,Zusanli(ST 36)on the 1st and the 9th days of experiment showed statistically significant differences(all P<0.05).The skin temperature comparison of different moxibustion methods at the same acupoint all had statistical differences(all Pv0.05),except for Shenque(CV 8)before moxibustion,Shenshu(BL 23)before moxibustion and on the 5th day;Zusanli(ST 36)only showed statistical differences on the 5th and 7th days(both P<0.05).The skin temperature differences of different acupoints after moxibustion in the 1-cone,2-cone and 3-cone groups were statistically different(all P<0.05);direct moxibustion and herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion at different acupoints were all statistically different(all P<0.05).Conclusion:Cone changing temperature under the same specifications of herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion was confirmed.Temperature differenee between surface and inside of different acupoint skin at the same maximum temperature was significantly different due to the cone numbers and moxibustion methods,which showed the highest at Shenshu(BL 23),the sec ond at Shenque(CV 8),and the lowest at Zusanli(ST 36).The in fluence of acupoint factor should be considered to determine the quantitative indicators of moxibustion.

Wavelength Dispersion Analysis on Fiber-Optic Raman Distributed Temperature Sensor System

The influence of the wavelength dispersion on the temperature accuracy of the Raman distributed temperature sensor system （RDTS） is analyzed in detail, and a simple correction algorithm is proposed to compensate the fiber position error caused by the wavelength dispersion. The principle of the proposed algorithm is described theoretically, and the correction on each point along the entire fiber is realized. Temperature simulation results validate that the temperature distortion is corrected and the temperature accuracy is effectively improved from ＋5 ℃ to ±1 ℃.