岩石热导率的温压实验及分析

岩石热导率是岩石热物性中最主要者，是研究地壳和上地幔热结构、地球深部热状态以及各种工程岩体内空气与围岩之间热交换的重要参数，该参数的测定不但是大地热流测量的重要内容之一，也是矿山采掘、石油开发和地热能利用不可缺少的工作。本文简要介绍了利用环形热源法在不同温压条件下对岩石热导率的测试和研究。文中不但介绍了测量原理和测量装置结构，并给出了不同岩性岩石在室温至１８０℃、常压至２２ＭＰａ状态下的测量结果，最后还就测量结果进行了分析与讨论。

世界超深井岩心物理性质的温压实验结果综述（1）

综述了独联体乌克兰地盾中部克里沃罗日铁矿盆地上超深井岩以标本的电学性质和磁学性质的温压实验。（１）研究了岩石电阻率（ρ）和介电常数（ε）以及它们的和向异性系数与矿和成分，湿度，矿化度，温度，压力以及温压作用因素之间的关系；（２）研究了岩石的矫顽磁力，磁化率，天然剩余磁化率和饱和剩余磁化率及它们的稳定性与成分，结果，温度，压力以及温压同时作用因素之间的关系。

温压实验液态产物中菲和蒽系列的演化特征

对华北中元古界下马岭组低熟海相页岩进行温压(Ⅰ系列)和温控(Ⅱ系列)模拟实验,并对原始样品和实验过程中的液态产物进行GCMS分析。结果表明:样品含较高丰度的菲、艹屈、萘等系列化合物,液态产物中检出了实验过程中新产生的蒽、甲基蒽和苯并萘并噻吩;随着温度的升高,菲系列中丰度较高的9-甲基菲、1-甲基菲逐渐向热稳定性更好的3-甲基菲、2-甲基菲转化,菲的相对丰度先减小后增大;模拟实验样品中检出的蒽系列化合物与温度呈正相关,表明其来源与热演化过程有关;温压实验过程中检测出丰度较高的苯并萘并噻吩,而其他温度段几乎检测不到,说明该化合物的形成需要适当的温度和压力;压力增大会抑制菲的烷基化和抑制蒽系列化合物形成,但会促进9-甲基菲的转化和苯并萘并噻吩的形成。

源岩生烃模拟实验的研究现状

源岩生烃模拟实验的研究现状刘洛夫毛东风（石油大学，北京１０２２００）妥进才陈践发（中国科学院兰州地质研究所，兰州７３００００）关键词源岩温压模拟实验研究现状实验室模拟干酪根产生烃类是石油地球化学领域一个重要的研究课题。接近实际地模拟自然成岩作用／深成...

Effects of groove on behavior of flow between hydro-viscous drive plates

The flow between a grooved and a flat plate was presented to investigate the effects of groove on the behavior of hydro-viscous drive. The flow was solved by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, Fluent. Parameters related to the flow, such as velocity, pressure, temperature, axial force and viscous torque, are obtained. The results show that pressure at the upstream notch is negative, pressure at the downstream notch is positive and pressure along the film thickness is almost the same. Dynamic pressure peak decreases as groove depth or groove number increases, but increases as output rotary speed increases. Consequently, the groove depth is suggested to be around 0.4 mm. Both the groove itself and groove parameters (i.e. groove depth, groove number) have little effect on the flow temperature. Circumferential pressure gradient induced by the groove weakens the viscous torque on the grooved plate (driven plate) greatly. It has little change as the groove depth increases. However, it decreases dramatically as the groove number increases. The experiment results show that the trend of experimental temperature and pressure are the same with numerical results. And the output rotary speed also has relationship with input flow rate and flow temperature.

Experimental Performance of Moderate and High Temperature Heat Pump Charged with Refrigerant Mixture BY-3

Theoretical and experimental analysis of a new refrigerant mixture BY-3 was conducted based on a single-stage vapor compression refrigeration system. The water-water heat pump system used BY-3 to produce hot water when the low temperature was 20 ℃. The following results were obtained: the highest temperature at the condenser outlet reached about 85 ℃; when the difference between the water temperatures at the condenser outlet and the evaporator inlet was less than 40 ℃, the coefficient of performance (COP) was larger than 4; when the difference reached 55 ℃, the COP still kept 3; the discharge temperature of BY-3 was lower than 100 ℃, and the refrigerant vapor pressure kept lower than 1.8 MPa. When the water temperature at the condenser outlet reached over 85 ℃, nearly a 5 ℃ superheating temperature was maintained.

Solubilities of Nizatidine in Methanol+Water, Ethanol+Water and i-Propanol+Water from 273.15 to 303.15 K

The solubilities of nizatidine in methanol + water, ethanol + water and i-propanol + water mixtures were determined in the temperature range from 273.15 K to 303.15 K at atmospheric pressure by a static analytical method. The general single model was used to correlate the experimental data, which fits the data very well.

Corner forming of AZ61A magnesium alloy tube within warm hydroforming

The comers with small radii on cross sections are crucial for forming hydroformed components with polygonal sections. In this paper, warm hydroforming experiments of AZ61A magnesium alloy tubes were cartied out to study the forming regularity of round comers by using a demonstration part with square sections. Effects of temperature on radius forming, thinning ratio distribution and microstructure were revealed and a component with relative outer corner radius of 3.0 was obtained by warm hydroforming at 240℃. The minimum thickness of the formed square section was located in the transition position between the corner and the straight wall. The thinning ratio of the round corner increased with the increase of forming temperature. Fotmability of the magnesium tube was improved by raising temperature under the effect of dynamic recrystallization at 240℃.

Temperature in High Temperature SHPB Experiments

As an experimental technique, it’s desired that the temperature in specimen is uniform in high temperature split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) experiments. However, the temperature in specimen decreases and the temperature of bars increases when specimen starts to contact with bars, which induces the nonuniform temperature distribution in specimen, and may result in inac-curacy of experimental results. In this paper, the temperature distributions of specimen and bars in high temperature SHPB experiments were investigated while the specimen was heated alone. Firstly, the temperature history of specimen was measured at different initial temperatures by ex-periments, then simulation was carried out. Simulation results were consistent with experimental results by adjusting the thermal contact coefficient between specimen and bars. By this way, the thermal contact coefficient and simulation results were validated, and the proper cold contact times of specimen and bars in high temperature SHPB experiments were discussed. Finally, the results were compared with those in references.

下马岭组油页岩热模拟实验抽提物中三芴系列化合物演化特征

对华北张家口中元古界下马岭组低熟海相页岩进行温压模拟实验,并对原始样品和模拟后的残渣抽提物做了GC/MS分析,讨论了2种温压模式下三芴系列化合物(以下简称"三芴")的演化规律.结果表明,三芴的相对含量受温度影响,且压力在不同温度条件下对三芴含量也有较大影响.主要表现在以下方面:①随着温度升高、压力增大,呈现出F的相对含量增大、OF含量减小、SF含量无明显变化的规律,三芴相对丰度表现出F>OF>SF特征;②温度低于390℃时,温压共同作用比单一温度作用更易使有机质进入成熟阶段;③温度低于337℃时,加压抑制了共轭烯键的芳构化;温度高于337℃时,加压促进了共轭烯键芳构化;在327~450℃温度范围内,硫芴表现出较好的热稳定性;④随着温度的升高,模拟实验样品的成熟度从未成熟演化到成熟晚期,三芴含量的原始比例构成发生了较大变化,故利用三芴相对含量判断有机质沉积环境时,要考虑温度对三芴相对含量变化的影响.

In situ observations of tungsten speciation and partitioning behavior during fluid exsolution from granitic melt

Most economically important tungsten(W)deposits are of magmatic-hydrothermal origin.The species and partitioning of W during fluid exsolution,considered to be the controlling factors for the formation of ore deposits,are thus of great significance to investigate.However,this issue has not been well addressed mainly due to the significant difference in reported partition coefficients(e.g.,from strongly incompatible to strongly compatible)between fluid and melt(D_(W)^(fluid/melt)).Here,we used an in situ Raman spectroscopic approach to describe the W speciation,and to quantitatively determine the Dfluid/melt of individual and total W species in granite melts and coexisting Na2WO4 solutions at elevated temperatures(T;700–800C)and pressures(P;0.35–1.08 GPa).Results show that WO_(4)^(2-)and HWO4are predominant W species,and the fractions of these two species are similar in melt and coexisting fluid.The partitioning behaviors of WO_(4)^(2-)and HWO4are comparable,exhibiting strong enrichment in the fluid.The total DW fluid/melt ranges from 8.6 to 37.1.Specifically,DW fluid/melt decreases with rising T–P,indicating that shallow exsolution favors enrichment of W in evolved fluids.Furthermore,Rayleigh fractionation modeling based on the obtained D_(W)^(fluid/melt)data was used to describe the fluid exsolution processes.Our results strongly support that fluid exsolution can serve as an important mechanism to generate W-rich oreforming fluids.This study also indicates that in situ approach can be used to further investigate the geochemical behavior of ore-forming elements during the magmatic-hydrothermal transition,especially for rare metals associated with granite and pegmatite.

Effect of hydration on the elasticity of mantle minerals and its geophysical implications

Recent studies have shown that major nominally anhydrous minerals in the Earth's mantle, such as olivine, pyroxene and garnet, can incorporate considerable amounts of water as structurally bound hydroxyl. Even a small amount of water is present in mantle minerals, it can strongly affect a number of physical properties, including density, sound velocity, melting temperature, and electrical conductivities. The presence of water can also influence the dynamic behavior, lead to lateral velocity heterogeneities, and affect the material circulation of the Earth's deep interior. In particular, seismic studies have reported the existence of low-velocity zones in various locations of the Earth's upper mantle and transition zone, which has been expected to be associated with the presence of water in the region. In the past two decades, the effect of water on the elasticity and sound velocities of minerals at relevant pressure-temperature(P-T) conditions of the Earth's mantle attracted extensive interests. Combining the high P-T experimental and theoretical mineralogical results with seismic observations provides crucial constraints on the distribution of water in the Earth's mantle. In this study, we summarize recent experimental and theoretical mineral physics results on how water affects the elasticity and sound velocity of nominally anhydrous minerals in the Earth's mantle, which aims to provide new insights into the effect of hydration on the density and velocity profile of the Earth's mantle, which are of particular importance in understanding of water distribution in the region.

Trace element composition in tuite decomposed from natural apatite in high-pressure and high-temperature experiments

Tuite has been suggested as a potential reservoir for trace elements in the deep mantle,but no evidence confirms this supposition.By using a natural apatite as starting material,the trace-element-bearing tuite large crystals were obtained under highpressure and high-temperature conditions(15 GPa and 1800 K).X-ray diffraction pattern and Micro-Raman spectrum of the run product confirm that tuite was synthesized.The concentrations of trace elements in tuite crystals were analyzed by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS).The rare earth element patterns of tuite show enrichment of light rare earth elements relative to heavy rare earth elements.Tuite shows high concentrations of Th and Sr,and negative anomalies of Rb,Nb,and Hf.The results show that tuite can accommodate a large amount of trace elements.Tuite might be an important host to accommodate trace elements if there is much apatite subducted into the deep mantle.

Temperature and Pressure Measurements at Cold Exit of Counter-flow Vortex Tube with Flow Visualization of Reversed Flow

In order to clarify the structure of the cold flow discharged from the counter-flow vortex tube(VT), the temperature and pressure of the cold flow were measured, and the existence and behavior of the reversed flow at the cold exit was studied using a simple flow visualization technique consisting of a 0.75mm-diameter needle, and an oil paint droplet. It is observed through this experiment that the Pitot pressure at the cold exit center can either be lower or higher than atmospheric pressure, depending on the inlet pressure and the cold fraction, and that a reversed flow is observed when the Pitot pressure at the cold exit center is lower than atmospheric pressure. In addition, it is observed that when reducing the cold fraction from unity at any arbitrary inlet pressure, the region of reversed and colder flow in the central part of cold exit extends in the downstream direction.