篷网织物网孔参数对篷内温变性能的影响

在帐篷外给帐篷"穿衣"可以调节帐篷内的热环境,以改善人在帐篷内的居住环境。经过测试多种织物的透气量、孔隙率、孔径大小,确定出在相关参数上具有同等梯度差的篷网织物;采用对比试验法研究篷网透气量和孔径分布两个参数对帐篷内温度变化的影响,以确定降温性能、保温性能优良的篷网织物所具有的结构参数。

WJ-7型高速铁路扣件胶垫刚度温变性的测试与分析

研究WJ-7型扣件胶垫刚度值在环境温度20^-60℃的变化规律,探讨其温变刚度对轮重减载率与扣件支反力的影响。利用配备温度箱的万能试验机,进行WJ-7型扣件胶垫温变刚度试验,论述和分析试验过程及结果。分析WJ-7型扣件胶垫刚度的温变性对列车动力特性及钢轨动力响应的影响,得出WJ-7型扣件胶垫刚度的温变性对CRH_2型动车组的轮重减载率影响显著;在-20℃低温时,WJ-7型扣件胶垫的温变性对高速铁路扣件支反力有明显影响等结论。

高速铁路无砟轨道扣件系统弹性垫板力学性能的温变试验

以我国高速铁路无砟轨道WJ-7B、WJ-8B与Vossloh 300扣件系统内的弹性垫板为研究对象,利用配有温度控制箱的万能试验机,测试-60℃～70℃时3类扣件弹性垫板随温度变化的静态力学特征与0.3 Hz动态力学特征。然后,应用高分子材料的温频等效原理与WLF方程,预测-60℃～70℃时3类扣件弹性垫板随频率变化的动态力学参数。研究结果表明：WJ-7B、WJ-8B及Vossloh 300扣件弹性垫板的静刚度与动刚度均具有显著的低温敏感性,且其损耗因子在玻璃区转化温度（-45℃左右）达到最高;与低温静刚度的变化情况相比,3类扣件弹性垫板动刚度的低温变化幅度更大;在轨道振动1～10 000Hz,3类扣件弹性垫板动参数随低温与频率的变化均较显著。因此,在轮轨系统动力响应及环境振动、辐射噪声的预测中,应考虑扣件弹性垫板等高分子材料的温变与频变动态力学特征。

调温服装一瞥

调温服装是根据春夏秋冬季节性气温的变化,设计制作出能够自动调温的衣物,它的问世,备受人们喜爱。 微控调温服装 英国科研人员发明的空调内衣设计十分独特。它里面有直径仅2毫米的上千根方形纤维管道,

液氮冷藏运输控制方式数值模拟分析

液氮冷藏车利用液氮喷淋冷藏运输鲜活品,液氮冷煤是冷藏运输的重要方式之一。本文利用模拟计算分析方法,针对冷藏运输果蔬为例,分析液氮冷藏运输过程中液氮喷射控制方式、鲜活品温度变化特性和液氮耗量等特征问题。提出采用变控温方式,协调控温温差、鲜活品温变时间和喷射量之间的关系,达到最佳的鲜活品冷藏,既保证鲜活品冷藏质量,又能充分利用冷能,减少液氮耗量,同时减少液氮喷射次数,提高液氮喷射装置年限。

篷盖用立体机织物的性能测试

探讨篷盖用立体机织物的保温性能及温变性能。对三种组织结构的篷盖用立体机织物内层进行涂层整理,测试了整理前后三种织物的保温性能及温变性能,并与单层织物进行了对比。测试结果表明:具有两层平纹组织的两种织物保温性能较好,而温变性能由高到低总体趋势为单层织物略大于涂层后织物,涂层后织物略大于涂层前织物。指出:篷盖用立体机织物内热体以热对流的形式进行散热,减少了辐射散热而具有防红外侦测效果。

Rheological properties of warm mix asphalt binder by DSR test at medium temperature

The rheological properties including the complex modulus G＊ and the phase angle δof matrix and warm mix asphalt （WMA）binders were measured by using the dynamic shear rheometer （DSR ） test at the medium temperature ranging from 16 to 40 ℃,and the relationships between the fatigue factor G＊ sinδand the matrix binder property,WMA additive and test temperature were established.It is found that G＊ decreases with the increasing temperature while δincreases inversely,and G＊ of the asphalt binder with high WMA additive dosage is large,and δis small.G＊sinδexponentially decreases with the increasing temperature and linearly increases with the increase in additive dosage,and the amplitudes of variation are large at low temperatures and high additive dosages.The effect of WMA additive on the rheological property is more remarkable for the matrix asphalt binder with low G＊.Besides,aging has a great effect on the property of matrix asphalt binder,and a slight effect on the interaction between asphalt and additive.The high additive dosage can increase the fatigue cracking potential of the asphalt binder.

Creep properties and microstructure evolution of nickel-based single crystal superalloy at different conditions

The creep properties of nickel-based single crystal superalloy with [001] orientation was investigated at different test conditions. The microstructure evolution of γ′ phase, TCP phase and dislocation characteristic after creep rupture was studied by SEM and TEM. The results show that the alloy has excellent creep properties. Two different types of creep behavior can be shown in the creep curves. The primary creep is characterized by the high amplitude at test conditions of (760 °C, 600 MPa) and (850 °C, 550 MPa) and the primary creep strain is limited at (980 °C, 250 MPa), (1100 °C, 140 MPa) and (1120 °C, 120 MPa). A little change ofγ′precipitate morphology occurs at (760 °C, 600 MPa). The lateral merging of the γ′ precipitate has already begun at (850 °C, 550 MPa). Theγphase is surrounded by theγ′phase at (980 °C, 250 MPa). Theγphase is no longer continuous tested at (1070 °C, 140 MPa). At (1100 °C, 120 MPa), the thickness ofγphase continues to increase. No TCP phase precipitates in the specimens at (760 °C, 600 MPa), (850 °C, 550 MPa) and (980 °C, 250 MPa). Needle shaped TCP phase precipitates in the specimens tested at (1070 °C, 140 MPa) and (1100 °C, 120 MPa). The dislocation shear mechanism including stacking fault formation is operative at lower temperature and high stress. The dislocation by-passing mechanism occurs to form networks atγ/γ′interface under the condition of high temperature and lower stress.

Temperature dependence of anisotropic stress-rupture properties of nickel-based single crystal superalloy SRR99

In order to reveal the temperature dependence of anisotropic stress？rupture behavior of SRR99 single crystal superalloys under conditions of temperature ranging from 650 to 1 040 °C and typical stresses,fracture morphologies and microstructure evolution were investigated by SEM and TEM.From the Larson-Miller curves,it is found that single crystal with [001] orientation has the optimum stress rupture property in comparison with [011] and [111] orientations at lower and intermediate temperature.With increasing temperature to 1 040 °C,stress-rupture properties of single crystals with three principal orientations tend to be equivalent.Based on the fracture surface and microstructural observations,superior stress？rupture behavior of single crystal with [001] orientation was rationalized and the effect of misorientation of single crystal on stress rupture property was also discussed.

Uniaxial compressive behavior of equal channel angular pressing Al at wide temperature and strain rate range

Uniaxial compressive experiments of ultrafine-grained Al fabricated by equal channel angular pressing(ECAP) method were performed at wide temperature and strain rate range. The influence of temperature on flow stress, strain hardening rate and strain rate sensitivity was investigated experimentally. The results show that both the effect of temperature on flow stress and its strain rate sensitivity of ECAPed Al is much larger than those of the coarse-grained Al. The temperature sensitivity of ultrafine-grained Al is comparatively weaker than that of the coarse-grained Al. Based on the experimental results, the apparent activation volume was estimated at different temperatures and strain rates. The forest dislocation interactions is the dominant thermally activated mechanism for ECAPed Al compressed at quasi-static strain rates, while the viscous drag plays an important role at high strain rates.

Mechanical properties of Mg-6Gd-1Y-0.5Zr alloy processed by low temperature thermo-mechanical treatment

An as-solution treated Mg-6Gd-1Y-0.4Zr alloy was processed by low temperature thermo-mechanical treatments （LT-TMT）, including cold tension with various strains followed by aging at 200 °C to peak hardness. The results show that the precipitation kinetics of the alloy experienced LT-TMT is greatly accelerated and the aging time to peak hardness is greatly decreased with increasing tensile strain. The tensile yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation at room temperature of the alloy after cold tension with strain of 10% and peak aging at 200 °C are 251 MPa, 296 MPa and 8%, respectively, which are superior to the commercial heat-resistant WE54 alloy, although the latter has a higher rare earth element content.

Rheological property and drying mechanism of thermoresponsive gelcasting of ZnO

To solve the problem of drying gelcast green body, the thermoresponsive gel system which contains macromonomer graft chains was used in gelcasting of ZnO. The effects of the amount and length of graft chains macromonomer PIPAAm, the total amount of organic matters, and the solid loading on the rheological properties of suspensions were investigated, and the drying mechanism of gelcast green body was analyzed. The results show that ZnO suspensions with the gel system still display shear- thinning rheological behavior, but its viscosity increases with increasing the addition amount and relative molecular mass of PIPAAm graft chain, and the total organic matter content. The PIPAAm graft chains inhibit or even eliminate the formation of the ＂dense layer” on the surface of gelcast ZnO green bodies, and accelerate the drying of green bodies. The introduction of PIPAAm graft chains facilitates the shrinkage of the gelcast ZnO green bodies, which is a feasible method to increase the relative density of green bodies.

Compressive behavior of high particle content B_4C/Al composite at elevated temperature

The compressive properties of the aluminum matrix composite reinforced with 55% B4C （volume fraction） particles were characterized using Gleeble 3500 thermal-mechanical testing machine. The compressive stress--strain curves were obtained at the temperature ranging from 298 to 773 K and strain rate ranging from 1×10^（-3） to 5 s ^（-1）. The results showed that the dynamic compressive strength decreased more slowly than the quasi-static compressive strength at elevated temperatures, which was attributed to the different failure modes of the composite under dynamic and quasi-static load. The strain rate sensitivity increased from 0.02 to 0.13 when the temperature increased from room temperature to 773 K, suggesting that the strain rate sensitivity of this type of composite is a function of temperature.

Hot deformation behavior and workability of pre-extruded ZK60A magnesium alloy

The hot deformation behavior and workability of pre-extruded ZK60A magnesium alloy were investigated by compression tests in the temperature range of 250-450 ℃and the strain rate range of 0.001-10 s 1. The constitutive equation for the pre-extruded ZK60A alloy can be described by hyperbolic sine function. Processing maps were constructed from true strains of -0.2 to -0.8. The alloy experienced complete dynamic recrystallization （DRX） and showed good workability in the temperature range of 300-400 ℃ and the strain rate range of 0.01-0.001 s-Z, where hot working in pre-extruded ZK60A, such as forging, can be carried out. For large deformation to true strain of over -0.5, strain rates above 0.1 s-1 are not recommended at all temperatures, where flow instability such as local strain concentration, twinning deformation, abnormal grain growth, micro-cracks, and shear fracture were observed. Climb-controlled dislocation creep dominates both the plastic deformation and nucleation of DRX of the pre-extruded ZK60A magnesium alloy.

Enhanced thermal stability and mechanical properties of high-temperature resistant Al-Cu alloy with Zr and Mn micro-alloying

The high temperature(HT)thermal stability and mechanical properties of Al-5%Cu(AC)and Al-5%Cu-0.2%Mn-0.2 Zr%(ACMZ)alloys from 573 to 673 K were systematically studied.The results displayed that micro-alloying additions of Zr and Mn elements have presented a significant role in stabilizing the main strengthening metastableθ′precipitates at a temperature as high as 573 K.Simultaneously,the HT tensile test demonstrated that ACMZ alloy retained their strength of(88.6±8.8)MPa,which was much higher than that of AC alloy((32.5±0.8)MPa)after the thermal exposure at 573 K for 200 h.Finally,the underlying mechanisms of strength and ductility enhancement mechanism of the ACMZ alloy at HT were discussed in detail.

High-temperature creep properties of uranium dioxide pellet

High-temperature creep properties of sintered uranium dioxide pellets with two grain sizes （9.0 μm and 23.8μm） were studied. The results indicate that the creep rate becomes a little faster with the reduction of the uranium dioxide grain size at the same temperature and the same load. At the same temperature, the logarithmic value of the steady creep rate vs stress has linear relation, and with increasing load, the steady creep rate of the sintered uranium dioxide pellet increases. Under the same load, the steady creep rate of the sintered uranium dioxide pellet increases with increasing temperature; and the creep rates of sintered uranium dioxide pellet with the grain size of 9.0 μm and 23.8 μm under 10 MPa are almost the same. The creep process is controlled both by Nabarro--Herring creep and Hamper-Dorn creep for uranium dioxide pellet with grain size of 9.0 μm, while Hamper---Dora creep is the dominantmechanism for uranium dioxide with grain size of 23.8 μm.

Parameter optimization of microwave sintering porous Ti-23%Nb shape memory alloys for biomedical applications

Porous Ti-23%Nb(mole fraction)shape memory alloys(SMAs)were prepared successfully by microwave sintering with excellent outer finishing(without space holder).The effects of microwave-sintering on the microstructure,phase composition,phase-transformation temperature,mechanical properties and shape-memory effect were investigated.The results show that the density and size of porosity vary based on the sintering time and temperature,in which the smallest size and the most uniform pore shape are exhibited with Ti-23%Nb SMA after being sintered at 900°C for 30 min.The microstructure of porous Ti-Nb SMA consists of predominantα',α,andβphases in needle-like and plate-like morphologies,and their volume fractions vary based on the sintering time and temperature.Theβphase represents the largest phase due to the higher content ofβstabilizer element with little intensities ofαandα'phases.The highest ultimate strength and its strain are indicated for the sample sintered at 900°C for 30 min,while the best superelasticity is for the sample sintered at 1200°C for 30 min.The low-elastic modulus enables these alloys to avoid the problem of“stress shielding”.Therefore,microwave heating can be employed to sinter Ti-alloys for biomedical applications and improve the mechanical properties of these alloys.

Influence of TiB_2 nanoparticles on elevated-temperature properties of Al-Mn-Mg 3004 alloy

Two contents(1.5%and3%)of TiB2nanoparticles were introduced in Al?Mn?Mg3004alloy to study their effects on theelevated-temperature properties.Results show that TiB2nanoparticles were mainly distributed at the interdendritic grain boundarieswith a size range of20?80nm,which is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and X-ray diffraction(XRD).Therefore,the volume fraction of the dispersoid free zones is greatly reduced and the motion of grain boundaries and dislocations isinhibited more effectively at elevated temperature.After peak precipitation heat treatment,the yield strengths in the alloy with3%TiB2addition at room temperature and300°C were increased by20%and13%respectively,while the minimum creep rate at300°Cwas reduced to only1/5of the base alloy free of TiB2,exhibiting a considerable improvement of elevated-temperature properties inAl?Mn?Mg alloys.

Modeling of deformation energy at elevated temperatures and its application in Mg-Li-Al-Y alloy

To control the superplastic flow and fracture and examine the variation in deformation energy,the stress and grain size of Mg-7.28Li-2.19Al-0.091Y alloy were obtained using tensile testing and microstructure quantification,and new high temperature deformation energy models were established.Results show that the grain interior deformation energy increases with increasing the strain rate and decreases with increasing the temperature.The variation in the grain boundary deformation energy is opposite to that in the grain interior deformation energy.At a given temperature,critical cavity nucleation energy decreases with increasing strain rate and cavity nucleation becomes easy,whereas at a given strain rate,critical cavity nucleation energy increases with increasing temperature and cavity nucleation becomes difficult.The newly established models of the critical cavity nucleation radius and energy provide a way for predicting the initiation of microcrack and improving the service life of the forming parts.

基于热传导理论的沥青混合料性能研究

以Fourier定律做为理论基础,采用依据一维稳态热传导原理设计的沥青混合料热传导试验装置,对不同试验温度下的沥青混合料导热系数进行测试,从而分析沥青混合料的热传导性能。并利用试验数据与实测温度数据,建立有限元模型,分析得出沥青混合料的导热系数对路面温度场与温度梯度的影响规律。进而为研究沥青路面材料的基本力学特性和长期路用性能提供理论支持。