Ni2MnGa based ferromagnetic alloys are ideal candidates for applications such as actuators, magnetic refrigerators or magne-tostrictive transducers due to their attractive properties such as magnetic field induced sha...Ni2MnGa based ferromagnetic alloys are ideal candidates for applications such as actuators, magnetic refrigerators or magne-tostrictive transducers due to their attractive properties such as magnetic field induced shape memory effect and large magnetocaloric effect. The properties of these alloys （e.g., the martensitic transformation temperature TM） sensitively depend on the composition. Understanding the composition dependence of these properties so as to design the alloy as desired is one of the main research topics in this area. In recent years, we have investigated the composition dependent elastic modulus and phase stability of Ni2MnGa-based alloys by using a first-principles method, in hope of clarifying their connection to the properties of these alloys. In this article, we review the main results of our investigations. We show that the tetragonal shear modulus C＇ is a better predictor of the composition dependent TM than the number of valence electrons per atom （e/a） since the general TM-C＇ correlation works for some of the alloys for which the TM-ela correlation fails, although there exist several cases for which both the general TM-C＇ and TM-ela correlations break down. Employing the experimentally determined modulation function, the complex 5-layer modulated （5M） structure of the martensite of Ni2MnGa and the Al-doping effect on it are studied. We find that the shuffle and shear of the 5M structure are linearly coupled. The relative stability of the austenite and the marten- sites is examined by comparing their total energies. The non-modulated martensite β＇″ with the tetragonality of the unit cell c/a〉1 is shown to be globally stable whereas the 5M martensite with c/a〈1 is metastable. The critical Al atomic fraction over which the martensitic transformation between the 5M martensite and austenite cannot occur is predicted to be 0.26, in reason- able agreement with experimental findings.展开更多
文摘采用数值模拟的方法研究浇注式沥青混凝土摊铺时钢桥面摊铺温度场及温度变形效应.建立钢箱梁温度场模型,对浇注式沥青混凝土摊铺过程中钢桥面温度场分布规律进行了数值模拟,拟合出最不利温度荷载公式.根据时空等效原理建立考虑施工过程的温度荷载公式,计算钢桥面板的局部温度变形,并分析其对铺装效果的影响.研究结果表明,摊铺10 min后钢板局部迅速升温至120℃,并在17 min后达到最大温度123℃,此阶段摊铺温度对钢板结构的影响较大;摊铺区域钢板会产生局部温度变形,最大竖向变形达到7.5 mm,使摊铺层局部厚度有偏差,模拟值接近1 mm.
基金supported by the MoST of China (Grant No. 2011CB606404)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50871114)
文摘Ni2MnGa based ferromagnetic alloys are ideal candidates for applications such as actuators, magnetic refrigerators or magne-tostrictive transducers due to their attractive properties such as magnetic field induced shape memory effect and large magnetocaloric effect. The properties of these alloys （e.g., the martensitic transformation temperature TM） sensitively depend on the composition. Understanding the composition dependence of these properties so as to design the alloy as desired is one of the main research topics in this area. In recent years, we have investigated the composition dependent elastic modulus and phase stability of Ni2MnGa-based alloys by using a first-principles method, in hope of clarifying their connection to the properties of these alloys. In this article, we review the main results of our investigations. We show that the tetragonal shear modulus C＇ is a better predictor of the composition dependent TM than the number of valence electrons per atom （e/a） since the general TM-C＇ correlation works for some of the alloys for which the TM-ela correlation fails, although there exist several cases for which both the general TM-C＇ and TM-ela correlations break down. Employing the experimentally determined modulation function, the complex 5-layer modulated （5M） structure of the martensite of Ni2MnGa and the Al-doping effect on it are studied. We find that the shuffle and shear of the 5M structure are linearly coupled. The relative stability of the austenite and the marten- sites is examined by comparing their total energies. The non-modulated martensite β＇″ with the tetragonality of the unit cell c/a〉1 is shown to be globally stable whereas the 5M martensite with c/a〈1 is metastable. The critical Al atomic fraction over which the martensitic transformation between the 5M martensite and austenite cannot occur is predicted to be 0.26, in reason- able agreement with experimental findings.
