固体热容激光工作物质瞬态温度和热应力分布

文章利用有限差分法,对激光二极管阵列泵浦的热容激光器片状Nd∶YAG和Nd∶GGG晶体进行了非稳态热传导下温度分布数值计算与对比分析;并计算了Nd∶YAG晶体热应力分布,对热容激光器的实验工作有一定的参考价值。

考虑瞬态温度和应力约束的承载隔热多功能结构拓扑优化

一体化热防护结构通常处于严酷的非稳态热环境,热载荷作用的时间效应(即瞬态热效应)明显.为了避免瞬态热分析的巨大计算消耗,以往的一体化热防护结构优化设计研究通常将瞬态传热等效为相同热边界条件下的稳态传热,将稳态传热分析的温度场作为设计热载荷.然而,已有的研究表明稳态传热无法准确等效瞬态传热的作用效果,瞬态热效应对结构设计结果具有重要影响.文章研究了考虑瞬态热效应的一体化热防护结构优化设计问题,建立一种考虑瞬态温度和应力约束的一体化热防护结构拓扑优化方法.该方法以SIMP(solid isotropic material with penalization)法为基础,构建两种针对一体化热防护结构的热弹性结构拓扑优化模型:(1)考虑材料体积分数、最大应力和底面最大温度约束,以最小化结构应变能为目标的刚度设计模型;(2)考虑最大应力和底面最大温度约束,以最小化材料体积分数为目标的轻量化设计模型.通过求解瞬态热力耦合方程获得结构的热力耦合静力分析结果;通过响应量在空间和时间域的凝聚积分函数表征结构响应在时域内的最大值,并以此构建相应的约束和目标函数;采用伴随法推导约束和目标函数的灵敏度表达式.通过3个数值算例验证了本方法的有效性.数值算例结果表明,在瞬态传热条件下,本方法能够准确反映瞬态热效应对一体化热防护结构设计结果的影响;相比于基于稳态热分析的设计结果,考虑瞬态热效应的设计结果具有更优的性能.

自卸式远洋散装水泥运输船特殊结构强度分析研究

以远洋散装水泥运输船为研究对象，采用三维有限元分析方法及ＤＮＶ船级社的 ＳＥＳＡＭ结构计算软件，从船体结构强度、船舶振动预报和船体结构温度应力等方面对该型船结构 设计的多项技术难点进行了详细的计算和评估。并且着重对大型散装水泥运输船间断内底板、中纵 舱壁以及高腹板旁桁材等特殊结构的受力状态及应力分布进行分析和探讨，为自卸式散装水泥运 输船的结构优化设计提供技术支撑。

影响工业汽轮机运行因素的分析

汽轮机是具有单机功率大、效率高、寿命长并以蒸汽为动力的原动机工具。在工作中它是以蒸汽的热能转化为机械功的旋转机械,深受工业广泛使用。本文在汽轮机运行经济指标的基础上,分析了影响汽轮机运行的主要因素,并以蒸汽温度影响为例阐述了汽轮机运行的经济状况,以供生产参考使用。

Tribological properties and thermal-stress analysis of C/C-SiC composites during braking

The tribological properties and thermal-stress behaviors of C/C-SiC composites during braking were investigated aiming to simulate braking tests of high-speed trains. The temperature and structural fields of C/C-SiC composites during braking were fully coupled and simulated with ANSYS software. The results of tribological tests indicated that the C/C-SiC composites showed excellent static friction coefficient (0.68) and dynamic friction coefficient (average value of 0.36). The highest temperature on friction surface was 445℃. The simulated temperature field showed that the highest temperature which appeared on the friction surface during braking was about 463℃. Analysis regarding thermal-stress field showed that the highest thermal-stress on friction surface was 11.5 MPa. The temperature and thermal-stress distributions on friction surface during braking showed the same tendency.

Pyrolysis and combustion kinetics of lycopodium particles in thermogravimetric analysis

Biomass is a kind of renewable energy which is used increasingly in different types of combustion systems or in the production of fuels like bio-oil. Lycopodium is a cellulosic particle, with good combustion properties, of which microscopic images show that these particles have spherical shapes with identical diameters of 31 μm. The measured density of these particles is 1.0779 g/cm2. Lycopodium particles contain 64.06% carbon, 25.56% oxygen, 8.55% hydrogen and 1.83% nitrogen, and no sulfur. Thermogravimetric analysis in the nitrogen environment indicates that the maximum of particle mass reduction occurs in the temperature range of 250-550 ℃ where the maximum mass reduction in the DTG diagrams also occurs in. In the oxygen environment, an additional peak can also be observed in the temperature range of 500-600 ℃, which points to solid phase combustion and ignition temperature of lycopodium particles. The kinetics of reactions is determined by curve fitting and minimization of error.

Hydrogenation reaction characteristics and properties of its hydrides for magnetic regenerative material HoCu_2

The hydrogenation reaction characteristics and the properties of its hydrides for the magnetic regenerative material HoCu_2(CeCu_2-type) of a cryocooler were investigated. The XRD testing reveals that the hydrides of HoCu_2 were a mixture of Cu, unknown hydride Ⅰ, and unknown hydride Ⅱ. Based on the PCT(pressure-concentration-temperature) curves under different reaction temperatures, the relationships among reaction temperature, equilibrium pressure, and maximum hydrogen absorption capacity were analyzed and discussed. The enthalpy change ΔH and entropy change ΔS as a result of the whole hydrogenation process were also calculated from the PCT curves. The magnetization and volumetric specific heat capacity of the hydride were also measured by SQUID magnetometer and PPMS, respectively.

Discussion and study on contraction joints for RCC gravity dam

Based on the construction property of rolled compacted concrete, three-dimensional finite element relocating mesh method was developed in simulating construction process and computing temperature and stress field. Using this method, the temperature and the thermal stress fields developed in the RCC gravity dam of the Longtan project with or without a longitudinal joint during construction and operation are calculated so as to simulate the construction process. The computation results show that the value of the thermal stresses developed in the dam even, without any longitudinal joint, could meet the design criteria provided the placement temperature is adequately controlled.

Influence of grain size on distribution of temperature and thermal stress in ZnO varistor ceramics

The nonuniformity of temperature distribution within ZnO varistor ceramics would decrease its energy absorption capability. In this paper, the distributions of current, temperature and thermal stress within the microstructures of ZnO varistor ceramics are simulated using Voronoi diagram models. The results show that the current concentrates through a few paths in ZnO varistor due to the nonuniformity of ZnO grain size and the variety of electrical characteristics of grain boundaries, which induces local high temperature and great thermal stress when injecting impulse current into ZnO varistor, and leads to melting puncture or cracking failure. The influence of the ZnO grain size on the distributions of temperature and thermal stress within ZnO varistor ceramics is analyzed in detail. The energy absorption capability of ZnO varistor ceramics can be greatly improved by increasing the uniformity of ZnO grain size or decreasing the average size of ZnO grains.

Temperature Distribution and Thermal Stresses in Various Conditions of Moving Heating Source during Line Heating Process

Line heating method is widely used to manufacture curved surfaces in ship building. The main factors governing the quality of the manufactured products are the moving velocity of the heating source, heating strength, and heating ways. In this study, the temperature distributions of the heated plate were investigated with the condition that the line heating process was automatic. The temperature variations were also investigated with the changes of those three variables. The numerical results showed that the peak temperature decreased as the moving velocity of the heating source increased. It also revealed that the peak temperatures changed linearly with the changes of the heating source.

Influence of thermal stress on temperature sensitivity of FBG-GFRP bars

The influence of thermal stress on the temperature sensitivity of fiber Bragg grating-glass fiber reinforce polymer(FBG-GFRP) bars is studied by three methods,namely,direct experimental calibration method,stress analysis(finite element analysis) method and the method of apparent temperature sensitivity coefficient.In comparison with the other two methods,fewer parameters are required and the calculation is simple in the method of apparent temperature sensitivity coefficient,while the analytical error is limited within 2%.It is concluded that the results of the method of apparent temperature sensitivity coefficient could be good reference for engineering applications.

Integral Transform Methods for Inverse Problem of Heat Conduction with Known Boundary of a Thin Rectangular Object and its Stresses

The three-dimensional inverse transient thermoelastic problem for a thin rectangular object is considered within the context of the theory of generalized thermoelasticity. The upper surface of the rectangular object occupying the space D： -a〈xSa; -b〈_y〈b; 0〈z〈h; with the known boundary conditions. Laplace and Finite Marchi-Fasulo transform techniques are used to determine the unknown temperature, temperature distribution, displacement and thermal stresses on upper plane surface of a thin rectangular object. The distributions of the considered physical variables are obtained and represented graphically.

The determination of thermal junction potential difference

A novel method has been designed and exploited to determine the thermal junction potential difference(TJPD) between two acids or alkalies of the same composition but with different temperature. The absolute value of measured TJPD between two strong acids(or alkalies) maintained at different temperatures increases with increasing of the temperature difference between the two electrolytes over the range from 0 to 40 °C. In strong acids, the hot end always has the lower potential while in strong alkalies, the cold end has the lower potential. This is because the ions of fast diffusion rate contribute most to the TJPD. Our results demonstrate the importance of the correction for TJPD in deriving the kinetic parameters when studying the temperature effect on reaction kinetics.