微机械陀螺温度混合线性回归补偿方法

环形振动微机电陀螺受温度影响较大,并且还具有很强的自回归特性。针对传统的分段拟合等温度模型均难以精确补偿陀螺受温度影响的问题,提出了一种基于混合线性回归的温度补偿模型。该方法根据混合线性回归模型的特点将陀螺自身的影响以及温度变化等因素考虑到温度补偿模型中,采用多元线性回归方法确定各项的系数,通过对残差的正态检验确定模型是否能够较好的符合陀螺数据的变化规律。验证试验结果表明:补偿后的均值可以减小1～2个数量级,并且该温度误差补偿方法重复性好,具有重大的工程应用参考价值。

大气加权平均温度对GNSS PWV精度的影响分析

大气加权平均温度T_(m)是GNSS探测大气可降水量PWV(Precipitable Water Vapor)的关键参数.目前,加权平均温度模型主要包括线性模型和非线性模型.本文基于2011—2015年期间的编号54511北京探空测站的有效探测资料,建立T_(m)与T_(s)的线性和非线性(一阶傅里叶函数、一元二次函数)关系;利用2016年探空站实测资料对所建模型及常用模型进行对比分析,从RMSE、Bias及波动范围评价参数发现T_(m_G)模型精度高于常用模型,而再分析资料ERA-Interim建立的加权平温度T_(m)_ERA模型和新非线性T_(m)模型精度相差甚小,且误差概率分布趋近于正态分布;因此,新建模型能有效避免了通用Bevis全球模型在特定区域导致的区域性精度偏差问题,尤其在探空站缺乏的区域,可以采用ERA-Interim产品建立T_(m)模型.通过对不同T_(m)模型获取IGS站BJFS的PWV结果与相应时间54511探空站的实测PWV数据进行检验,结果表明不同T_(m)模型引起的PWV的偏差Bias范围在[-5,5]mm,均方根误差RMSE的差异甚小,Bias概率趋于正态分布,稳定性较强,尤其T_(m)_ERA、非线性加权平均温度T_(m_F)、T_(m_P)模型引起的PWV的Bias正态分布更强.

Preliminary Studies on Predicting the Tropical Indian Ocean Sea Surface Temperature through Combined Statistical Methods and Dynamic ENSO Prediction

The sea surface temperature （SST） in the In- dian Ocean affects the regional climate over the Asian continent mostly through a modulation of the monsoon system. It is still difficult to provide an a priori indication of the seasonal variability over the Indian Ocean. It is widely recognized that the warm and cold events of SST over the tropical Indian Ocean are strongly linked to those of the equatorial eastern Pacific. In this study, a statistical prediction model has been developed to predict the monthly SST over the tropical Indian Ocean. This model is a linear regression model based on the lag relationship between the SST over the tropical Indian Ocean and the Nino3.4 （5°S-5°N, 170°W-120°W） SST Index. The pre- dictor （i.e., Nino3.4 SST Index） has been operationally predicted by a large size ensemble E1 Nifio and the Southern Oscillation （ENSO） forecast system with cou- pled data assimilation （Leefs_CDA）, which achieves a high predictive skill of up to a 24-month lead time for the equatorial eastern Pacific SST. As a result, the prediction skill of the present statistical model over the tropical In- dian Ocean is better than that of persistence prediction for January 1982 through December 2009.

Quantile Trends in Temperature Extremes in China

A number of recent studies have examined trends in extreme temperature indices using a linear regression model based on ordinary least-squares. In this study, quantile regression was, for the first time, applied to examine the trends not only in the mean but also in all parts of the distribution of several extreme temperature indices in China for the period 1960–2008. For China as a whole, the slopes in almost all the quantiles of the distribution showed a notable increase in the numbers of warm days and warm nights, and a significant decrease in the number of cool nights. These changes became much faster as the quantile increased. However, although the number of cool days exhibited a significant decrease in the mean trend estimated by classical linear regression, there was no obvious trend in the upper and lower quantiles. This finding suggests that examining the trends in different parts of the distribution of the time-series is of great importance. The spatial distribution of the trend in the 90 th quantile indicated that there was a pronounced increase in the numbers of warm days and warm nights, and a decrease in the number of cool nights for most of China, but especially in the northern and western parts of China, while there was no significant change for the number of cool days at almost all the stations.

Parameter estimation of cutting tool temperature nonlinear model using PSO algorithm

In cutting tool temperature experiment, a large number of related data could be available. In order to define the relationship among the experiment data, the nonlinear regressive curve of cutting tool temperature must be constructed based on the data. This paper proposes the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm for estimating the parameters such a curve. The PSO algorithm is an evolutional method based on a very simple concept. Comparison of PSO results with those of GA and LS methods showed that the PSO algorithm is more effective for estimating the parameters of the above curve.

Spatial downscaling of climate variables using three statistical methods in Central Iran

Spatial downscaling methods are widely used for the production of bioclimatic variables(e.g. temperature and precipitation) in studies related to species ecological niche and drainage basin management and planning. This study applied three different statistical methods, i.e. the moving window regression(MWR), nonparametric multiplicative regression(NPMR), and generalized linear model(GLM), to downscale the annual mean temperature(Bio1) and annual precipitation(Bio12) in central Iran from coarse scale(1 km × 1 km) to fine scale(250 m ×250 m). Elevation, aspect, distance from sea and normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) were used as covariates to create downscaled bioclimatic variables. Model assessment was performed by comparing model outcomes with observational data from weather stations. Coefficients of determination(R2), bias, and root-mean-square error(RMSE) were used to evaluate models and covariates. The elevation could effectively justify the changes in bioclimatic factors related to temperature and precipitation. Allthree models could downscale the mean annual temperature data with similar R2, RMSE, and bias values. The MWR had the best performance and highest accuracy in downscaling annual precipitation(R2=0.70; RMSE=123.44). In general, the two nonparametric models, i.e. MWR and NPMR, can be reliably used for the downscaling of bioclimatic variables which have wide applications in species distribution modeling.

Estimation of thermal decomposition temperatures of organic peroxides by means of novel local and global descriptors

The thermal decomposition temperature is one of the most important parameters to evaluate fire hazard of organic peroxide. A quantitative structure-property relationship model was proposed for estimating the thermal decomposition temperatures of organic peroxides. The entire set of 38 organic peroxides was at random divided into a training set for model development and a prediction set for external model validation. The novel local molecular descriptors of AT1, AT2, AT3, AT4, AT5, AT6 and global molecular descriptor of ATC have been proposed in order to character organic peroxides’ molecular structures. An accurate quantitative structure-property relationship （QSPR） equation is developed for the thermal decomposition temperatures of organic peroxides. The statistical results showed that the QSPR model was obtained using the multiple linear regression （MLR） method with correlation coefficient （R）, standard deviation （S）, leave-one-out validation correlation coefficient （RCV） values of 0.9795, 6.5676 ℃ and 0.9328, respectively. The average absolute relative deviation （AARD） is only 3.86% for the experimental values. Model test by internal leave-one-out cross validation and external validation and molecular descriptor interpretation were discussed. Comparison with literature results demonstrated that novel local and global descriptors were useful molecular descriptors for predicting the thermal decomposition temperatures of organic peroxides.

Thermal Transport in One-Dimensional FPU-FK Lattices

Thermal transport in the FPU model with Kutta algorithm. The heat flux, local temperature profile, that temperature gradient scales behave as N-1 linearly. FK on-site potential is studied by using fourth-order Runge- and heat conductivity axe simulated and analyzed. It is found The divergence of heat conductivity ~ with system size N is in term of κ ∝ N^α with α = 0.44. It is shown that thermal transport is mainly dependent on the FPU nonlinear and the FK interactions.

A new group contribution-based method for estimation of flash point temperature of alkanes

Flash point is a primary property used to determine the fire and explosion hazards of a liquid. New group contribution-based models were presented for estimation of the flash point of alkanes by the use of multiple linear regression(MLR)and artificial neural network(ANN). This simple linear model shows a low average relative deviation(AARD) of 2.8% for a data set including 50(40 for training set and 10 for validation set) flash points. Furthermore, the predictive ability of the model was evaluated using LOO cross validation. The results demonstrate ANN model is clearly superior both in fitness and in prediction performance.ANN model has only the average absolute deviation of 2.9 K and the average relative deviation of 0.72%.