原子核有限温度行为的微观描述

应用微观sdIBM - 2形式体系、正则系综平均法和鞍点近似 ,能计算出核在有限温度下的比热 ,比热峰的存在表明核发生了热激发相变。以Fe核为例作了具体计算 ,并与实验值和量子MonteCarlo结果作了比较。

Sn-Ag(Cu)合金熔体的电阻率-温度行为

以电阻率法探索了Sn-Ag(Cu)系无铅焊料诸多合金熔体的电阻率-温度行为及变化规律.结果表明,该系合金熔体电阻率随温度在某些温度区域发生异常变化,提示熔体结构状态发生改变.此外,Cu及Ag成分的微量改变,既影响异常区的温度范围,又影响电阻率-温度行为特征.还从化学短程序消散及重组的角度分析了有关异常行为.

乙酰乙酸酯法合成假性紫罗兰酮同分异构体温度反应行为研究

对乙酰乙酸甲酯与去氢里哪醇反应合成假性紫罗兰酮体系的反应物热稳定性和反应温度行为进行研究 ,着重对 413 15～ 44 3 15K温区内假性紫罗兰酮同分异构体的初始生成速率进行动态化学研究 ,得到对应的Arrhenius反应活化能△H1=36 5 6 6kJ/mol、△H2 =2 2 1 0 7kJ/mol、△H3 =15 8 17kJ/mol;并确定了该反应体系以生成假性紫罗兰酮为目标产物的适宜反应温度控制在 44 3 15K左右。

声表面波谐振器频率-温度行为分析

声表面波(SAW)器件以其优良的性能广泛应用于雷达、通讯和日常用品等领域.然而,随着器件工作频率的不断升高,温度对器件频率稳定性的影响也越来越严重.因此,研究声表面波器件的温度效应,并在变温情况下保持SAW器件的频率稳定性至关重要.论文采用增量型的拉格朗日方程分析受温度影响的声表面波频率漂移问题.用频率-温度系数(TCF)作为评价频率-温度行为的标准.设计了一个具有温度补偿层的双层SAW谐振器模型,降低了器件的频率-温度系数.通过尺寸优化,LiNbO_3-AlN结构的SAW谐振器在25℃(参考温度)下的频率-温度系数TCF接近0 ppm/℃.SAW谐振器的波长为4μm,谐振频率为1214.9 MHz.

Effect of addition temperature on dispersion behavior and grain refinement efficiency of MgO introduced into Mg alloy

The effect of addition temperature of MgO particles(MgOp)on their dispersion behavior and the efficiency of grain refinement in AZ31 Mg alloy was investigated.In addition,the grain refinement mechanism was systematically studied by microstructure characterization,thermodynamic calculation,and analysis of solidification curves.The results show that the grain size of AZ31 Mg alloy initially decreases and then increases as the MgOp addition temperature is increased from 720 to 810℃,exhibiting a minimum value of 136μm at 780℃.The improved grain refinement efficiency with increasing MgOp addition temperature can be attributed to the reduced Mg melt viscosity and enhanced wettability between MgOp and Mg melt.Furthermore,a corresponding physical model describing the solidification behavior and grain refinement mechanism was proposed.

半导体氮化物AlInN的光学性质

测量了AlInN薄膜(包括InN和AlN)的透射和反射光谱,结合四层透射和反射模型得到AlInN的一系列变温光学性质,包括吸收系数、能带带隙、乌尔巴赫带尾参数、折射率等等.采用一套经验公式,描述InN薄膜在本征吸收区和乌尔巴赫吸收区的吸收系数.发现带隙以下,AlN薄膜的折射率遵守Sellmeier经验公式.用基于态密度和载流子—声子相互作用的带尾态理论,很好地解释了AlInN薄膜中带尾态现象.通过测量显微拉曼光谱,研究了AlInN薄膜的晶格振动性质.运用详细的模型(考虑了晶格热膨胀、残余应力和多声子耦合),阐释了AlInN声子频率的变温特性.了解AlInN薄膜的这些光学性质是相当重要的,不仅有利于透彻了解材料的基本性质还有利于相关光电子器件的开发.

Influence of temperature on tensile behavior and deformation mechanism of Re-containing single crystal superalloy

Tensile properties of a Re-containing single crystal superalloy were determined within the temperature range from 20 to 1 100 ℃with a constant strain rate of 1.67 ×10^-4 s^-1.From room temperature to 600 ℃,the yield strength increases slightly with increasing temperature.The yield strength decreases to aminimum at 760 ℃,while a maximum is reached dramatically at 800 ℃.The elongation and area reduction decrease gradually from room temperature to 800 ℃.Above 800 ℃,the yield strength decreases significantly with increasing temperature.The γ＇ phase is sheared by antiphase boundary （APB） below 600 ℃while elongated SSF （superlattice stacking fault） is left in γ＇ as debris.At 760 ℃the γ＇ phase is sheared by a/3 112 superpartial dislocation,which causes decrease of yield strength due to low energy of SSF.Above 800 ℃dislocations overcome γ＇ through by-passing mechanism.

Heat transfer behavior of AZ80-1%Y alloy during low-frequency electromagnetic casting

Heat transfer behaviors of AZ80?1%Y alloy during low frequency electromagnetic casting (LFEC) and direct chilling casting were studied by in-situ temperature measurement. The results demonstrated that the low frequency electromagnetic field (EM) caused forced convection in the melt during LFEC. The forced convection led to uniform solidification velocity and temperature field. EM frequency, excitation current intensity and casting temperature could control the heat transfer behavior. The forced convection could improve the microstructure and degrade the difference in microstructure between the edge and center of billet. Appropriate parameters of low frequency EM for casting Mg alloy are 20 Hz of frequency and 60 A of electric current intensity.

广西扶绥白头叶猴对栖息地的选择与利用

为了解白头叶猴(Trachypithecus leucocephalus)的栖息地利用规律及其影响因素,2016年2月至2017年1月,采用瞬时扫描取样法对广西崇左白头叶猴国家级自然保护区一群白头叶猴的栖息地利用进行了研究。结果表明,白头叶猴对山体不同部位的利用存在显著性差异(χ^(2)=39.467,df=3,P<0.001),其中,对崖壁(56.75±9.55)%的利用比例最大,其次是对山坡(39.42±10.93)%和山顶(2.98±2.54)%的利用,而对山脚(0.84±1.47)%的利用频率最低。白头叶猴对不同微生境类型的利用存在差异(χ^(2)=27.709,df=3,P<0.001),其中对乔木(49.37±12.31)%的利用比例最大,其次是裸岩(24.05±13.61)%,随后依次为藤本(15.48±8.01)%和灌木(10.87±5.45)%。白头叶猴主要在山坡上觅食,利用崖壁移动、休息,进行社会活动;主要利用裸岩进行社会活动,觅食、移动、休息主要发生在乔木上。从整体来看,白头叶猴在雨季对乔木的利用频率显著大于旱季(Z=-2.680,n=12,P=0.007);雨季在山坡觅食频率显著大于旱季(Z=-2.517,n=12,P=0.012),而在崖壁觅食频率刚好相反(Z=-2.842,n=12,P=0.004);白头叶猴雨季在乔木休息的频率显著大于旱季(Z=-2.355,n=12,P=0.019)。白头叶猴对栖息地的利用受到温度的影响。白头叶猴对乔木的总体利用频率随着平均温度的升高而增加(r=0.664,n=12,P=0.018);觅食时,对崖壁、裸岩的利用频率均与平均温度成负相关关系(崖壁:r=-0.685,n=12,P=0.014;裸岩:r=-0.600,n=12,P=0.039);休息时,对乔木的利用频率与平均温度呈正相关关系(r=0.650,n=12,P=0.022)。不同季节,白头叶猴对栖息地的利用方式不同。白头叶猴的栖息地利用模式可能是在觅食利益和捕食风险之间作出的权衡,并受到环境温度的影响。

Effect of temperature on leaching behavior of copper minerals with different occurrence states in complex copper oxide ores

The effect of temperature on leaching behavior of copper minerals with different occurrence states in complex copper oxide ores was carried out by phase analysis means of XRD, optical microscopy and SEM-EDS. The results indicated that at ambient temperature, the easily leached copper oxide minerals were completely dissolved, while the bonded copper minerals were insoluble. At lukewarm temperature of 40℃, it was mainly the dissolution of copper in isomorphism state. With increasing temperature to 60℃, the copper leaching rate in the adsorbed state was significantly accelerated. In addition, when the temperature increased to 80℃, the isomorphic copper was completely leached, leaving 11.2% adsorbed copper un-leached. However, the copper in feldspar-quartz-copper-iron colloid state was not dissolved throughout the leaching process. Overall, the leaching rates of copper in different copper minerals decreased in the order: malachite, pseudo-malachite > chrysocolla > copper-bearing chlorite > copper-bearing muscovite > copper-bearing biotite > copper-bearing limonite > feldspar-quartz-copper-iron colloid.

Hot-compression behavior of Al-1Mn-1Mg alloy

The hot-compression of Al-IMn-IMg （mass fraction, %） alloy sample was carried out on a Gleeble-1500 thermo-simulator at deformation temperatures from 320 to 400 ℃ and strain rates from 0.1 to 10 s 1 by total strain of 1.4. Microstructure and texture evolution of the hot-compressed alloy were investigated by optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis, respectively. The results show that the relationship among flow stress a, deformation temperature T and strain rate ε can be expressed in the form of βσ = lnε＋Q/（RT）-lnA. The threshold value of In Z （Z is Zener-Hollomon parameter） characterizing the dynamic recrystallization （DRX） is 46, below which the DRX takes place. A strong P orientation {011}（455） associated with a weak cube orientation { 100} （001） is found in the recrystallized sample during hot-compression.

Tribological properties and thermal-stress analysis of C/C-SiC composites during braking

The tribological properties and thermal-stress behaviors of C/C-SiC composites during braking were investigated aiming to simulate braking tests of high-speed trains. The temperature and structural fields of C/C-SiC composites during braking were fully coupled and simulated with ANSYS software. The results of tribological tests indicated that the C/C-SiC composites showed excellent static friction coefficient (0.68) and dynamic friction coefficient (average value of 0.36). The highest temperature on friction surface was 445℃. The simulated temperature field showed that the highest temperature which appeared on the friction surface during braking was about 463℃. Analysis regarding thermal-stress field showed that the highest thermal-stress on friction surface was 11.5 MPa. The temperature and thermal-stress distributions on friction surface during braking showed the same tendency.

Transient thermal behavior of radial fins of rectangular,triangular and hyperbolic profiles with temperature-dependent properties using DTM-FDM

This work focuses on transient thermal behavior of radial fins of rectangular,triangular and hyperbolic profiles with temperature-dependent properties.A hybrid numerical algorithm which combines differential transformation(DTM) and finite difference(FDM) methods is utilized to theoretically study the present problem.DTM and FDM are applied to the time and space domains of the problem,respectively.The accuracy of this method solution is checked against the numerical solution.Then,the effects of some applicable parameters were studied comparatively.Since a broad range of governing parameters are investigated,the results could be useful in a number of industrial and engineering applications.

Distinguished Effects of Interannual Salinity Variability on the Development of the Central-Pacific El Ni o Events

El Nio events in the central equatorial Pacific (CP) are gaining increased attention,due to their increasing intensity within the global warming context.Various physical processes have been identified in the climate system that can be responsible for the modulation of El Nio,especially the effects of interannual salinity variability.In this work,a comprehensive data analysis is performed to illustrate the effects of interannual salinity variability using surface and subsurface salinity fields from the Met Office ENSEMBLES (EN3) quality controlled ocean dataset.It is demonstrated that during the developing phase of an El Nio event,a negative sea surface salinity (SSS) anomaly in the western-central basin acts to freshen the mixed layer (ML),decrease oceanic density in the upper ocean,and stabilize the upper layers.These related oceanic processes tend to reduce the vertical mixing and entrainment of subsurface water at the base of the ML,which further enhances the warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies associated with the El Nio event.However,the effects of interannually variable salinity are much more significant during the CP-El Nio than during the eastern Pacific (EP) El Nio,indicating that the salinity effect might be an important contributor to the development of CP-El Nio events.

A relationship between temperature and aggression in NFL football penalties

Background： Increased ambient temperature has been implicated in increased physical aggression, which has important practical consequences. The present study investigates this established relationship between aggressive behavior and ambient temperature in the highly aggressive context of professional football in the National Football League （NFL）. Methods： Using a publicly available dataset, authors conducted multiple hierarchical regression analyses on game-level data （2326 games）. Results： The analysis revealed that temperature positively predicted aggressive penalties in football, and that this relationship was significant for teams playing at home but not for visiting teams. Conclusion： These results indicate that even in the aggressive context of football, warmer weather contributes to increased violence. Further, the presence of the heat-aggression relationship for the home team suggests that the characteristics of interacting groups may influence whether heat would have an adverse effect on the outcome of those interactions.

An Experimental Study on the Adsorption Behavior of Gases Crossing the Critical Temperature

Adsorption equilibria of CH_4 and N_2 on activated carbon andsilica gel were measured for a wide temperature range covering thecritical point: 158-298 K for CH_4, and 103-298 K for N_2. Thedetermination of the compressibility factor is shown to haveconsiderable effect on isotherm behavior at conditions after theisotherm maximum. A change in adsorption mechanisms on crossing thecritical temperature was observed in all cases. The kind ofadsorbents and how far the equilibrium temperature to the criticalone are major factors affecting the Transition of isotherms from sub-to supercritical.

Temperature-dependent aggregation of bio-surfactants in aqueous solutions of galactose and lactose:Volumetric and viscometric approach

Modulation in the aggregation behavior of bio-surfactants （bile salts）, sodium cholate （NaC） and sodium deoxycholate （NaDC） in aqueous solutions of carbohydrates （galactose and lactose） have been investigated by measuring the density （ρ）, speed of sound （u） and viscosity （η） of the mixtures at different temperatures 293.15, 298.15, 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15 K. The density and speed of sound data have been used to calculate various volumetric and compressibility parameters such as apparent molar volume （Vφ）, isentropic compressibil- ity （κs）, apparent molar adiabatic compression （κs,φ） to get a better insight into the micellization mechanism of bile salts. Further, the viscosity data have been studied in the light of relative viscosity （ηr） and viscous relaxation time （τ）. Some derived parameters such as free volume （νf）, internal pressure （πi） and molar cohesive energy （MCE） of NaC and NaDC in aqueous solution of saccharides have also been calculated from viscosity data in con- junction with density and speed of sound values. All the calculated and derived parameters provide qualitative information regarding the nature of interactions i.e. solute-solute, solute-solvent and solvent-solvent in the solution.

Dissolution behaviors of rare earth elements in phosphoric acid solutions

In order to provide practical fundamental data for rare-earth elements （REEs） recovery from phosphoric acid and to betterunderstand REEs behavior during the phosphoric acid evaporation process, the solubilities of REEs in phosphoric acid with variousconcentrations of phosphorus at different temperatures were measured. A simple linear model between REEs solubility andphosphoric acid concentration is built and the experimental data are found to fit it very well （R2〉0.94）. Hydrogen-ion concentration isfound to be the predominant factor controlling the solubility of REEs in phosphoric acid. In addition, the solubility of REEs inphosphoric acid is found to sharply decrease with increasing temperature, which can be attributed to the increase of the Gibbs energyof the REEPO4 dissolution reaction or the restraint of the disassociation of phosphoric acid molecules owing to the elevatedtemperature.

Creep behavior and mechanical properties of Al-Li-S4 alloy at different aging temperatures

Creep age forming techniques have been widely used in aerospace industries. In this study, we investigated the effect of aging temperature(143 °C-163 °C) on the creep behavior of Al-Li-S4 aluminum alloy and their mechanical properties at room temperature. The mechanical properties were tested by tensile testing, and the microstructural evolution at different aging temperatures was examined by transmission electron microscopy. Results show that the creep strains and the room-temperature mechanical properties after creep aging increase with the aging temperature. As the aging temperature increases, the creep strain increases from 0.018% at 143 °C to 0.058% at 153 °C, and then to 0.094% at 163 °C. Within 25 h aging, the number of creep steps increases and the duration time of the same steps is shortened with the growth of aging temperatures. Therefore, the increase in aging temperatures accelerates the progress of the entire creep. Two main strengthening precipitates θ′(Al2 Cu) and T1(Al2 Cu Li) phases were characterized. This work indicates that the creep strain and mechanical properties of Al-Li-S4 alloys can be improved by controlling aging temperatures.

Prediction of bridge temperature field and its effect on behavior of bridge deflection based on ANN method

In recent years, the bridge safety monitoring has been paid more attention in engineering field. How- ever, the financial and material resources as well as human resources were costly for the traditional monitoring means. Besides, the traditional means of monitoring were low in accuracy. From an engineering example, based on neural network method and historical data of the bridge monitoring to construct the BP neural network model with dual hidden layer strueture, the bridge temperature field and its effect on the behavior of bridge deflection are forecasted. The fact indicates that the predicted biggest error is 3.06% of the bridge temperature field and the bridge deflection behavior under temperature field affected is 2. 17% by the method of the BP neural net-work, which fully meet the precision requirements of the construction with practical value.