为了探究云区卫星微波资料的同化应用,利用中国风云三号D星(Fengyun-3D,FY-3D)微波温度计二型(microwave temperature sounder-2,MWTS2)和微波湿度计二型(microwave humidity sounder-2,MWHS2)资料,基于人工神经网络算法研制了云区温湿...为了探究云区卫星微波资料的同化应用,利用中国风云三号D星(Fengyun-3D,FY-3D)微波温度计二型(microwave temperature sounder-2,MWTS2)和微波湿度计二型(microwave humidity sounder-2,MWHS2)资料,基于人工神经网络算法研制了云区温湿廓线反演模型,建立了云区资料的间接同化方案。于2019年6月开展晴空和云区同化试验,评估加入云区MWTS2和MWHS2资料对区域模式预报的影响。试验结果表明:MWTS2和MWHS2资料的同化对温湿度预报场有改善,主要体现在模式中高层均方根误差和平均偏差的减小,云区同化的改善幅度比晴空同化更大;同化MWTS2和MWHS2资料对于提高降水预报技巧有积极影响,云区同化对降水预报的改善主要体现在同化后的12~24 h,较晴空同化更明显。针对强降水个例分析表明,MWTS2和MWHS2资料对温度场、湿度场、水汽通量散度场的调整有利于降水预报的改善,而云区同化能够直接对天气系统的初始场进行调整,降水的位置与强度预报效果更好。展开更多
提出一种快速的局域线性回归(Fast Locally Linear Regression,FLLR)算法,用于从搭载在风云三号B星(FY-3B)上的红外大气探测仪(IRAS)红外观测数据反演大气温湿廓线。算法所需的观测样本为IRAS/FY-3BL1数据红外观测值与AIRX2RET V5产品...提出一种快速的局域线性回归(Fast Locally Linear Regression,FLLR)算法,用于从搭载在风云三号B星(FY-3B)上的红外大气探测仪(IRAS)红外观测数据反演大气温湿廓线。算法所需的观测样本为IRAS/FY-3BL1数据红外观测值与AIRX2RET V5产品的时空匹配数据,以2011年为例,在180°W^180°E、60°N^60°S的研究区域内按照观测时间绝对差小于15min和观测角度绝对差小于2°的条件获取观测样本,并对样本进行了评价。在匹配观测样本的基础上比较分析了FLLR算法与LLR算法、D矩阵算法和非线性的神经网络算法,然后采用FLLR算法从IRAS/FY-3BL1数据反演得到2011年全年的大气温湿廓线,并外推反演得到2012年第1季度的大气温湿廓线。最后,利用相应的ECMWF再分析数据和RAOB探空观测对2011年的反演结果进行了精度验证,采用AIRX2RET V5产品对2012年第1季度的外推反演结果进行了验证。结果显示:与D矩阵算法相比,FLLR算法反演大气温度和湿度廓线的均方根误差分别减小~0.8K和~0.5g/kg,其精度与非线性的神经网络算法相当;相对于ECMWF再分析数据,本文大气温度和湿度廓线反演结果的均方根误差分别小于2.5K和2.3g/kg;而相对于RAOB数据,其均方根误差分别小于3.5K和2.0g/kg;2012年第一季度外推反演结果的均方根误差分别小于2.5K和1.6g/kg,与算法精度基本一致。IRAS/FY-3B大气温湿廓线的反演精度与MOD07V5大气廓线产品相当。展开更多
The cold-island effect of urban wetlands has received increasing attention in recent years due to its important role in the alleviation of urban heat islands.Hangzhou,a representative rapidly urbanizing city with rich...The cold-island effect of urban wetlands has received increasing attention in recent years due to its important role in the alleviation of urban heat islands.Hangzhou,a representative rapidly urbanizing city with rich wetlands in China,was selected as a case study for researching the changes that the urban wetlands have undergone and their impact on the urban thermal environment.Land surface temperature(LST) was acquired from the thermal infrared data of Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper(TM) images in 1990,1995,2000,2006,and 2010,using the single-channel method.The results are as follows:1) considering the changes in land use,the urban wetlands located to the west of Hangzhou have decreased significantly during 1990–2010 because of rapid urbanization.In the Xixi Wetland,the change in land use was relatively small and most of the water body and vegetation were preserved.However,to the east of the Xixi Wetland,large areas of water body and vegetation have been replaced by built-up land as a result of the urbanization process;2) considering the change in LST,it was found from land surface temperature retrieval that the changing spatial pattern of the thermal field was highly correlated with land use changes.Low temperature regions of the eastern Xixi Wetland were gradually eroded by high temperature regions,and the centroid of the heat island in East Xixi was found to be constantly shifting westward.In addition,the difference in LST between the Xixi Wetland and East Xixi has increased;3) considering the impact factors for this area,land use structure and patch shape were found to have a significant impact on LST,shown by the results of multiple linear stepwise regressions.Increasing the size of the wetlands in urban planning is considered to be the most effective measure in alleviating the urban heat island effect.Moreover,reducing the spatial complexity of landscape patches also contributes to the alleviation of the urban heat island effect.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41101039,41371068)
文摘The cold-island effect of urban wetlands has received increasing attention in recent years due to its important role in the alleviation of urban heat islands.Hangzhou,a representative rapidly urbanizing city with rich wetlands in China,was selected as a case study for researching the changes that the urban wetlands have undergone and their impact on the urban thermal environment.Land surface temperature(LST) was acquired from the thermal infrared data of Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper(TM) images in 1990,1995,2000,2006,and 2010,using the single-channel method.The results are as follows:1) considering the changes in land use,the urban wetlands located to the west of Hangzhou have decreased significantly during 1990–2010 because of rapid urbanization.In the Xixi Wetland,the change in land use was relatively small and most of the water body and vegetation were preserved.However,to the east of the Xixi Wetland,large areas of water body and vegetation have been replaced by built-up land as a result of the urbanization process;2) considering the change in LST,it was found from land surface temperature retrieval that the changing spatial pattern of the thermal field was highly correlated with land use changes.Low temperature regions of the eastern Xixi Wetland were gradually eroded by high temperature regions,and the centroid of the heat island in East Xixi was found to be constantly shifting westward.In addition,the difference in LST between the Xixi Wetland and East Xixi has increased;3) considering the impact factors for this area,land use structure and patch shape were found to have a significant impact on LST,shown by the results of multiple linear stepwise regressions.Increasing the size of the wetlands in urban planning is considered to be the most effective measure in alleviating the urban heat island effect.Moreover,reducing the spatial complexity of landscape patches also contributes to the alleviation of the urban heat island effect.
