影响靖西县蔗糖生产发展的几个农业气象问题

本文从分析靖西县的光能、温热及水分资源入手，提出一些趋利避害，扬长避短的措施，以期充分利用该县有利的气候优势，更有效地发展蔗糖生产。

搞好山地开发 建设千万亩果园

我省具有独特的地理位置和气侯条件,即西北部武夷。

Thermo-chemical conversion of coal samples under high temperature

Exhaustion of profitable coal resources makes for need of innovation including underground coal gasification(UCG).One of the most important problems of UCG is evaluation of the combustion area in underground coal seams.Physicochemical parameters of coal,in a whole,and coal mineral substance are changed under heating and combusting.Thermo-chemical conversion of coal mineral components has an effect on magnetic characteristics of coal seam and can be used for real-time control of combusting area.To this guessing check laboratory experiments have been made as an activity of the Far Eastern Federal University.Our investigation based on a theoretical analysis and laboratory simulation tests.Typical results of the laboratory experiments are presented below.Under heating coal thermo-chemical magnetization is forming.Coal's magnetic parameters varieties from anti-ferromagnetiсto ferromagnetic.Anti-ferromagnetic pyrite and siderite presented into coal mass is transformed into magnetic hematite and magnetite under heating.Therefore,geomagnetic is expected to be a useful geophysical tool to for evaluation of combustion volume and its migration for underground coal gasification.

Optimizing Geothermal Energy Resource

Unlike other types of renewable energy resources, geothermal energy provides a stable source of energy as it can be exploited regardless of meteorological conditions. Using organic cycle, geothermal energy can be utilized for power generation. In such systems, the heat is exchanged between the surrounding rock mass and transport fluid. Consequently, the temperature of extracted geofluid from the well decreases with the time in accordance with the working parameters. Those parameters includeenergy extraction rate, temperature difference between inlet and outlet of the well, and the thermal conductivity of the ground. Current work, aims to develop a reliable computer model to specify the optimal working parameters so that the geofluid temperature will not reach a low value that is not acceptable for electricity generation, and the energy availability of geothermal resource is maximized. In the current study the ground thermal properties, the geothermal gradient and well dimensions are based on realistic data in Qatar and neighboring countries. The proposed model was developed for different heat extraction rate, different ground thermal properties, and for varied temperature difference between inlet and outlet of the well. Simulation shows that selecting the optimal working parameters can increase the availability of geothermal resource significantly.

Bamboo as a Genetic Resource and Its Utilization from the World Wide View Point

The latest effective utilization of bamboo resources is changing from domestic industry to mechanical industry. This fact will be required a lot of raw material from a large scale factory, therefore, what kind of bamboo should be selected for a material. So, this study discussed on this matter through investigation and experiment. Results of this study are as follows： 1） Characteristics of bamboo different from trees and grass; 2） Environmental factors： a） annual mean temperature in 10-15 ℃ shows good growth of culm in temperate area and more than 20 ℃ also shows in tropical area, b） Rainfall： more than 1,000 mm year-1 is necessary for growth of culm in temperate and tropical area, and still more in addition to two times of 100 mm month-1 in temperate area, and three times of 200 mm month-l in tropical area, c） Soil and topography： brown colored soil and flat or gentle slope show better growth in temperate area, but red colored soil and slope are not suitable in tropical area, d） Geographical distribution of bamboo related with growth type shown in Figs. 1-3. Productivity of bamboo： annual productivity of bamboo is the biggest compared with other type of vegetation; 4） Selection of two growth type of bamboo： many big bamboos are growing in tropical area; 5） Furthermore items discussed in this report.

3D Conceptual Modeling and Direct Utilization Calculations of the Albanian Low and Middle Enthalpy Geothermal Resources

The use of the Albanian geothermal springs and waters, for their curative effects （Natural SPA） dates back centuries, since the time of the Roman Empire, while their first modern use started only in 1937. Unfortunately they had not been used for its energetic values yet. The temperature of the water is above 60 ~C and the flow above 16 L/s, thus direct utilization is possible, in particular for space heating. Three-dimensional temperature field calculations and engineering calculations on a heating system with heat exchangers are presented here. The results show that the water temperature is expected to be stable and considerably higher temperature is expected through deep well drilling. The University＇s Campus of Tirana is composed of 29 buildings, which are partially heated through a coal heater. The installed capacity is 2,558 kW while the coal consumption is about 920 kg/h. The University＇s Campus of Tirana is one of the most important areas and with the highest density of population in Tirana, so it is the best area to show the heat exchanger efficiency. The economic analyses prove that the borehole heat exchangers are more convenient than the coal heating systems.

Geothermal data analysis at the high-temperature hydrothermal area in Western Sichuan

The western Sichuan hydrothermal area is located at the northeastern margin of the eastern syntaxis of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which is also the eastern end of the Mediterranean-Himalayan geothermal activity zone. There are 248 warm or hot springs in this area, and 11 have temperatures beyond the local boiling temperature. Most of these hot springs are distributed along the Jinshajiang, Dege-Xiangcheng, Ganzi-Litang, and Xianshuihe faults, forming a NW-SE hydrothermal belt. A geothermal analysis of this high-temperature hydrothermal area is an important basis for understanding the deep geodynamic process of the eastern syntaxis of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In addition, this study offers an a priori view to utilize geothermal resources, which is important in both scientific research and application. We use gravity, magnetic, seismic, and helium isotope data to analyze the crust-mantle heat flow ratio and deep geothermal structure. The results show that the background terrestrial heat flow descends from southwest to northeast. The crustal heat ratio is not more than 60%. The high temperature hydrothermal active is related to crustal dynamics processes. Along the Batang-Litang-Kangding line, the Moho depth increases eastward, which is consistent with the changing Qc/Qm(crustal/mantle heat flow) ratio trend. The geoid in the hydrothermal zone is 4–6 km higher than the surroundings, forming a local "platform". The NW-SE striking local tensile stress zone and uplift structure in the upper and middle crust corresponds with the surface hydrothermal active zone. There is an average Curie Point Depth(CPD) of 19.5–22.5 km in Batang, Litang, and Kangding. The local shear-wave(S-wave) velocity is relatively low in the middle and lower crust. The S-wave shows a low velocity trap(Vs<3.2 km s.1) at 15–30 km, which is considered a high-temperature partial melting magma, the crustal source of the hydrothermal active zone. We conclude that the hydrothermal system in this area can be divided into Batang-type and Kangding-type, both of which rely on a crustal heating cycle of atmospheric precipitation and surface water along the fracture zone. The heat is derived from the middle and lower crust: groundwater penetrates the deep faults bringing geothermal energy back to the surface and forming high-temperature springs.