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追求公平与卓越:英国公立中学问责测度改革 被引量:5
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作者 关晶 《外国中小学教育》 CSSCI 北大核心 2019年第11期1-9,共9页
只有在充分有效问责的前提下,学校自治才能发挥促进教育发展的作用。自1980年代末,英国政府建立并不断完善基于国家课程考试与学校排名信息公开的公立中学问责测度体系。在最新一轮的改革中,“进步8(Progress 8)”“成绩8(Attainment 8... 只有在充分有效问责的前提下,学校自治才能发挥促进教育发展的作用。自1980年代末,英国政府建立并不断完善基于国家课程考试与学校排名信息公开的公立中学问责测度体系。在最新一轮的改革中,“进步8(Progress 8)”“成绩8(Attainment 8)”“英国文凭(EBacc)”等新指标和算法的引入成为了亮点。新改革体现了英国政府追求教育公平与卓越的双重雄心。其特点是以绩效改进为宗旨,督导帮扶薄弱学校;基于客观绩效数据,提升问责的科学性;以增值评价为重点,保障问责的公平性;指标及数据公开化,彰显问责的公共性。 展开更多
关键词 问责测 公立学校 英国
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湘语新化话的测度问探析
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作者 周娟 《天中学刊》 2009年第3期101-104,共4页
测度问介乎信、疑之间,是对问题的答案已有一定估计和测度的疑问句。湘语新化话的测度问类型多样,并在纯估测问和纯求证问之间存在着一个连续统。
关键词 求证 连续统
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认识立场标记“不是”及其来源
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作者 聂小丽 《绥化学院学报》 2019年第12期55-59,共5页
附着在陈述小句句尾表达确认义的“不是”是一个认识立场标记,用来标记说话人的“发现立场”和“事理认识立场”。作为“是VP不是”问句反问用法的一种显化手段,“VP不是”表达说话人的“发现-证言”立场,并由此衍生出“发现-证明”“... 附着在陈述小句句尾表达确认义的“不是”是一个认识立场标记,用来标记说话人的“发现立场”和“事理认识立场”。作为“是VP不是”问句反问用法的一种显化手段,“VP不是”表达说话人的“发现-证言”立场,并由此衍生出“发现-证明”“事理认识”的立场表达功能;作为“是VP不是”问句测度问用法的一种信度强化手段,“VP不是”表达说话人的“发现-推断”立场,并由此衍生出“发现-评价”的立场表达功能。基于互动视角的话语功能考察在解决“不是”的来源问题方面发挥了重要作用。 展开更多
关键词 认识立场标记 发现立场 事理 反问
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New Approach to the Flexible Planning of Learning Process in High Education System
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作者 Badri Meparishvili Lela Turmanidze Gulnara Janelidze 《Journal of Mathematics and System Science》 2015年第5期183-187,共5页
Expediency of this work is conditioned by the inconsistency between the market requirement of the specialists and the planning process of high educational system. For solving this problem it is important to make consu... Expediency of this work is conditioned by the inconsistency between the market requirement of the specialists and the planning process of high educational system. For solving this problem it is important to make consulting or expect system for flexible planning of teaching modules of every specialty. We make an attempt to consider this problem in two aspects: the prediction of market demand for planning taking into consideration of studies duration and scheduling of educational process. The prediction task consists in data acquisition of market requirement for each profession in discrete time interval to predict dynamic evolution of every specialty. The solution of the prediction task will be using to determination of prognostic quantity of students for each specialty. As regards the second aspect, it consists in finding a schedule of the teaching modules, i.e. the distribution of subjects in the semesters, keeping the total limits of credits, to update and adapt syllabus. In this paper, we present a genetic algorithm as a solution method for the modular scheduling problem. Genetic algorithms (GAs) allow a more general approach to the scheduling problem, which is rated using a fitness function. GA can be successfully applied to find optimized sequential schedules. 展开更多
关键词 Flexible Education Genetic Algorithms Scheduling.
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追求卓越与公平:中小学学校效能增值评价的经验与启示
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作者 刘倩 《浙江考试》 2022年第2期18-24,共7页
随着人们对优质公平教育的追求,学校评价在新课程改革中扮演着越来越重要的角色。然而目前的学校评价过于注重结果,缺乏对教育过程的监控及规律的揭示,难以满足当今学校差异化优质发展的需求。通过阐述学校效能增值评价的内涵与优质公... 随着人们对优质公平教育的追求,学校评价在新课程改革中扮演着越来越重要的角色。然而目前的学校评价过于注重结果,缺乏对教育过程的监控及规律的揭示,难以满足当今学校差异化优质发展的需求。通过阐述学校效能增值评价的内涵与优质公平的教育的适切性,介绍了英国问责测度的做法与思想,提炼出英国学校评价的增值思想。在深度理解增值评价内涵的基础上,提出通过建立和构建大型考试标准、增值评价标准帮助学校精准自我评定的建议。 展开更多
关键词 学校效能 增值评价 英国问责测
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Modeling approaches to pressure balance dynamic system in shield tunneling 被引量:2
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作者 李守巨 于申 屈福政 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS 2014年第3期1206-1216,共11页
In order to deal with modeling problem of a pressure balance system with time-delay, nonlinear, time-varying and uncertain characteristics, an intelligent modeling procedure is proposed, which is based on artificial n... In order to deal with modeling problem of a pressure balance system with time-delay, nonlinear, time-varying and uncertain characteristics, an intelligent modeling procedure is proposed, which is based on artificial neural network(ANN) and input-output data of the system during shield tunneling and can overcome the precision problem in mechanistic modeling(MM) approach. The computational results show that the training algorithm with Gauss-Newton optimization has fast convergent speed. The experimental investigation indicates that, compared with mechanistic modeling approach, intelligent modeling procedure can obviously increase the precision in both soil pressure fitting and forecasting period. The effectiveness and accuracy of proposed intelligent modeling procedure are verified in laboratory tests. 展开更多
关键词 intelligent modeling neural network pressure balance system excavation chamber analytically modeling approach
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Robust hypothesis testing for asymmetric nominal densities under a relative entropy tolerance
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作者 Enbin Song Qingjiang Shi +1 位作者 Yunmin Zhu Jianxi Pan 《Science China Mathematics》 SCIE CSCD 2018年第10期1851-1880,共30页
In this paper, we address an open problem raised by Levy(2009) regarding the design of a binary minimax test without the symmetry assumption on the nominal conditional probability densities of observations. In the bin... In this paper, we address an open problem raised by Levy(2009) regarding the design of a binary minimax test without the symmetry assumption on the nominal conditional probability densities of observations. In the binary minimax test, the nominal likelihood ratio is a monotonically increasing function and the probability densities of the observations are located in neighborhoods characterized by placing a bound on the relative entropy between the actual and nominal densities. The general minimax testing problem at hand is an infinite-dimensional optimization problem, which is quite difficult to solve. In this paper, we prove that the complicated minimax testing problem can be substantially reduced to solve a nonlinear system of two equations having only two unknown variables, which provides an efficient numerical solution. 展开更多
关键词 Kullback-Leibler divergence robust hypothesis testing min-max problem least-favorable densities saddle point
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AN AUGMENTED BV SETTING FOR FEEDBACK SWITCHING CONTROL
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作者 Falk M.HANTE Günter LEUGERING Thomas I.SEIDMAN 《Journal of Systems Science & Complexity》 SCIE EI CSCD 2010年第3期456-466,共11页
This paper considers dynamical systems under feedback with control actions limited toswitching.The authors wish to understand the closed-loop systems as approximating multi-scale problemsin which the implementation of... This paper considers dynamical systems under feedback with control actions limited toswitching.The authors wish to understand the closed-loop systems as approximating multi-scale problemsin which the implementation of switching merely acts on a fast scale.Such hybrid dynamicalsystems are extensively studied in the literature,but not much so far for feedback with partial stateobservation.This becomes in particular relevant when the dynamical systems are governed by partialdifferential equations.The authors introduce an augmented BV setting which permits recognition ofcertain fast scale effects and give a corresponding well-posedness result for observations with such minimalregularity.As an application for this setting,the authors show existence of solutions for systemsof semilinear hyperbolic equations under such feedback with pointwise observations. 展开更多
关键词 FEEDBACK functions of bounded variation hybrid dynamical systems partial state observation switching control.
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引述評價的語法化:從"難道"到"難道説"
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作者 李宇鳳 《汉语史研究集刊》 2023年第1期131-148,共18页
本文從話語引述的角度論證"難道"的語法化過程,證明"難道"從評價性引述發展爲弱肯定陳述標記,再發展爲測度疑問標記,通過反預期語境中反問與測度兼用,最終形成偏重反問的語氣副詞.主要證據有三,一是理論上弱肯定的... 本文從話語引述的角度論證"難道"的語法化過程,證明"難道"從評價性引述發展爲弱肯定陳述標記,再發展爲測度疑問標記,通過反預期語境中反問與測度兼用,最終形成偏重反問的語氣副詞.主要證據有三,一是理論上弱肯定的陳述與弱肯定的疑問相通,"不好説、不(一定)能説"與測度疑問的語氣相當、語義一致;二是事實上來源於反預期語境的"莫"類和"難道"類都採用反面一致測度方式,從否定角度估計反預期情况,"不是……吧"跟"不好説是……吧"通過引述轉喻取得一致;引述評價的"難道/説"最初都有測度用法,隨卽發展爲反問,且其測度功能都帶有引述來源制約的心理描述、自言自語、弱肯定等特徵;三是反問與測度的關係上,"難道"測度用法的產生時間並不比其反問用法晚,兩者共同構建起反預期語境相互依存的兩個方面——可能現實(測度)和相反預期(反問),根據語氣側重不同,體現其測度或反問傾向. 展开更多
关键词 引述評價 "難道" 測度問 反問 語法化
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