生态林业与森林游憩可持续发展的协调研究

本文以森林资源保护与利用理论为指导,在深入分析河南林业生态环境建设现状的基础上,阐述了生态林业的概念、实现森林游憩可持续发展的途径,以及生态林业建设与森林游憩可持续发展之间的关系。

青天河风景区旅游资源开发问题与对策

青天河风景区作为国家AAAA级旅游区,由于客源市场狭小、景区管理体制不完善、景区开发不合理、人才缺乏、生态环境保护不力和景区破坏严重等问题,严重制约着景区快速发展。政府和景区管理部门应从开拓市场、完善景区管理体制、合理开发景区、积极引进人才、保护景区生态环境、实现可持续发展方面解决问题,实现景区的快速、健康发展。

The prospect of wildlife tourism

The paper extends an overview of the worldwide development of wildlife tourism, introduced the conception of wild-life tourism and its components, and analyzed the development of international wildlife tourism and its international trends. The sustainability of wildlife tourism, the protection of wildlife habitat, as well as the possible impacts of wildlife tourism development in China were discussed.

Sustainability of Touristic Potential of the Old Van City and Castle of Van in Terms of Cultural, Historical and Natural Values

Tourism has become the world＇s fastest growing sector due to acceleration of technology and information flow in the globalized world of today, development of the modem mass transport system and increase in people＇s disposable income. Upon tourism＇s being considered as a serious development strategy in the developments of the countries, all the countries of the world have begun to accelerate their investments in this area through utilizing the natural and cultural assets of their countries （heritage） with a view to provide revenue to their economy as well as creation of jobs. This situation, which has emerged as a result of the globalization of supply and demand in tourism, has created certain problems in terms of environmental balance and the living conditions of local people as a result of poor management of the utilization of natural and cultural resources. The objective of this paper is to examine the concepts and principles germane to sustainable tourism which has significant contribution to the development of the countries, made at the macro level both in the world and in Turkey. The aim of this paper, at the micro level, is to create awareness incident to the tourism resources of the Van Region and the Old Van province and ensure the utilization of these resources through protection thereof. At the end of the study, the importance of the protection of heritage resources as well as fair use thereof in terms of increasing the competitiveness of Turkey on a global scale in tourism is addressed in the light of the overall evaluations.

Measuring Tourist’s Water Footprint in a Mountain Destination of Northwest Yunnan, China

Monitoring and minimizing tourist’s water consumption is essential for the sustainable development of mountain destinations in the world. However, available data and a generally accepted protocol on such measurement are still limited. This study uses water footprint accounting to quantify tourist’s water demand in the Liming valley, a World Heritage site and a rapidly growing tourism destination in Northwest Yunnan, China. Both the water for direct and indirect use is taken into account based on the consumptive behavior of the tourists in the valley. Data were collected through guesthouse monitoring and a tourist survey in the 2005 tourist season. The results indicate that an average tourist leaves behind a footprint of 5.2 m3 on local water resources per day. Food production and waste dilution are the two most important water consumption factors. The results also show tourists consume more water than the local residents on per capita basis. This suggests more commitment is necessary to cope with this stress by individual tourists. Management implications to make water use more sustainable in mountain destinations are derived from this study.

Tourism and Land Transformation:A Case Study of the Li River Basin,Guilin,China

Land-use change is intertwined with tourism because land is used as a resource for human activities.Land-use change also provides an opportunity to evaluate the status of the ecoenvironment.Understanding the relationship between tourism and land use change would help to predict the effect of tourism on land use and encourage sustainable tourism development.Using the Li River Basin as a case study,a hybrid approach using multilevel modeling and logistic regressions was employed to analyze the distribution of land-usechange between 1989 and 2010 to examine potential driving factors.Results reveal that rapid tourism development and construction expansion expose this area to risk of deforestation and forest degradation.Construction increased by 141% between 1989 and 2000 and by 195% between 2000 and 2010.The primary driving force for construction expansion shifted from population growth between 1989 and 2000 to investment growth after 2000.New construction primarily occurred on crop and woodlands areas,with shares of 81.25% and 6.38%,respectively,between 1989 and 2000,and with shares of 57.79% and 15.29%,respectively,between 2000 and 2010.Moreover,these drastic increases in construction also led to frequent transitions between croplands,woodlands,and grasslands.Traits including distances to urban areas and roads and scenic locations exerted significant effects on land-use change.Woodland regrowth in the areas thatsurround scenic locations consisted of fluctuating woodlands,whereas stable woodland regrowth was often absent in these areas.Likewise,permanent woodland clearing tended to be closed to near scenic locations.That is,construction at scenic locations negatively affected forest conservation in the Li River Basin.

Study on Development Process and Mechanism of Ecological Compensation in Beijing and Hebei Province

The problem of water resources has become a bottleneck for the sustainable development of Beijing and Hebei Province (the two regions together are called "Jingji Region" for short).It is imperative to establish an effective and equitable water resources ecological compensation (eco-compensation) mechanism.The three stages of water resources eco-compensation are expatiated here namely the eco-compensation missing stage,ecocompensation start stage and the eco-compensation development stage.Through the establishment of eco-compensation game model based on the game theory,the reasons of the formation for the three stages were analyzed,as well as the conversion conditions from non-cooperative game to cooperative game among the related stakeholders including the central government,the water recipient government and the water source government.Furthermore,this study pointed out that the water resources eco-compensation in Jingji Region was not established based on the institution,but formed and developed in coping with the challenges of water crisis.However,institution construction is quite essential in game process for the water recipient government and the water source government.Finally recommendations in four areas including legalization of eco-compensation mechanism,setting up compensation standards,leading industrial upgrading and developing related incentives and constraints were concluded.

Widespread Hotel： An Innovative Made in Italy Model for Cultural Tourism and Local Sustainable Development The Umbria＇s Case

Widespread hotels represent a new Italian phenomenon still not much investigated, both on theoretical and empirical side, which cannot be ignored anymore. Indeed they meet the need to implement techniques and management tools which are able to improve the culture-tourism binomial. This would permit to transform into valid instruments of national economical development, the shared declaration of intents for which culture and tourism, especially in Italy and in this particular fragile period, represent even more the main strategic levers for the sustainable development. This article intends to describe the potentiality of these widespread hotels as innovations particularly suitable with trends recently emerged in tourism sector and outline the phenomenon pattern in ltaly with particular attention on Umbria region, in order to identify his main strength and weakness and some innovation to improve performance. To this end, it starts from the analysis of the national and international economic-managerial literature concerning in particular cultural and experienced trends shown in tourism. Then it introduces the main acquisitions about widespread hotels in Italy, updating and extending them through a desk survey based on indirect sources of various natures. Lastly, it describes the case of Umbria, analyzing more in depth making use of interviews with entrepreneurs/managers of hotels and based on a semi-structured questionnaire. The aspects of indeterminateness which were found, starting from the normative one, testify how the potentiality of the widespread hotels as far as regards the value creation for the enterprise itself and the territorial stakeholder, are still not properly understood and therefore used. It is clear that, therefore, new behaviors are needed for entrepreneurs and, most importantly, for local policy makers in order to create the conditions for the full success of these hospitality models.

Ecological Effects Measures and Regulation of Tourism Island

With the sustainable development of tourism in China, the phenomenon of ecological islanding in tourist attractions gradually becomes prominent, affecting the sustainable development of landscape and ecological environment in scenic spots. Tourist attractions are influenced by spatial location, resource characteristics and ecology, environmental protection and other factors. The appeals of government, tourism enterprises, developers and community villagers in the aspect of landscape and ecology are different in the development process of tourism, leading to different degrees, frequencies and scopes of tourism ecological islanding with prominent conflicts. This is a typical problem in the development stage of tourist attractions in China. Taking six scenic spots in Puzhehei as examples, the values of tourism ecological islanding were measured scientifically, and a anti-planning regulatory mechanism against tourism ecological islanding was established in this paper to achieve the sustainable development of the tourist attractions and ecological environment.

Measuring Visitors＇ Preferences for Establishing Sustainable Tourism Products： An Empirical Research

The management of coastal zones in terms of tourism exploitation remains a crucial issue in achieving sustainable development and customer satisfaction. The interrelation between the coastal zone and the preference structure of visitors form a desired tourism setting and a hospitable destination in which environmentally friendly practices dominate the tourism aspects. Conjoint analysis was used with a purpose of eliciting respondents＇ preferences and answering questions concerning the features that compose a sustainable tourism product. In the survey, 16 proposed combinations of tourism characteristics were rated by 1,433 respondents. The three most preferred factors of the proposed tourism product were the accommodation factor, the sea activities factor and the fishery tourism factor with averaged importance scores 27,351,22,900 and 2 1, 13 1, respectively.

Study on Effective Measures of Environmental Protection for Sustainable Development of Tourism Industry in the World Natural Heritage Wulingyuan

In the course of exploiting its tourist resources and developing tourism industry in the early days in Wulingyuan, the government did not pay enough attention and no forceful measures were taken to control the environment. As a result, a series of problems are produced. By analyzing the relationship between the tourism development in Wulingyuan scenic area and its environmental evolution, the paper exposes the basic reason why these environmental problems are produced, and according to the requirement of developing tourism, the paper puts forward some effective measures to reasonably control the distribution of the tourists flow and to protect tourist resources as well as the environment, so as to achieve the sustainable development of the area.

Current Situation and Prospects of Tourism Information Development

Tourism is an important industry in the economic and social development of our country, the development of tourism in the new economy and a higher requirement. Deal with the new economic challenges and opportunities, accelerate information construction of the tourism industry, and enhance capacity for sustainable development of tourism. The tourism is our only way to power. Combining tourism information of construction status and trends, problems encountered in the process of tourism information to analyze and propose solutions strategy.

＂Impression-Liu Sanjie＂ -A Research on the Participation and Perception of Residents in Scenic Area and Community

Tight space and interactive resources grant tourism community residents a vital body status in community tourism development and construction process. Residents＇ all-sided and effective participation in Tourism development process, with no doubt, is an open democratization process and an effective way to ensure sustainable development of tourism as it can raise residents＇ income and eliminate bad influence of tourism. ＂Impression-Liu Sanjie＂ is a scenic spot where ＂landscape live-action＂ is performed. Local residents （farmers） serve as the main part. Through survey and analysis of participation and perception of community residents, this paper aims at finding some useful consult and inspirations for the development, management and policy formulation of other rural scenic region alike.

Development Status and Reform Pattern of Ecotourism Management

Eco-tourism is the emerging form of tourism rapidly developing, but also a hot topic in the current tourism industry. 1999 is the Year of Ecotourism which China National Tourism Administration regulates. Global experts predict that eco-tourism heat will rise in the world of moving towards protected areas, close to nature as the theme. It is ecstatic that China＇ s tourism industry is facing a rare opportunity, but we must attach great importance to the problem of the recent and long-term harm caused by tourism to the environment. Especially now under the banner of eco-tourism, some people actually did do damage to the environment. Therefore, we must study on the true meaning of eco-tourism, with China＇ s reality, to formulate laws and regulations and management measures for eco-tourism. With these to protect our natural landscape and cultural heritage, we can make tourism a sustainable green industry.

Research on the Ecological Tourism Planning and Tourism Development Trend under the Background of Sustainable Development

In this paper, we conduct research on the ecological tourism planning and the tourism development trend under the background of the sustainable development. Research on ecotourism definition, mostly will study ecological tourism, as a concept, its connotation cannot suitable for our the country＇ s current national conditions, only the environment as the research object of ecological tourism, the environmental resources as the main content of the ecological tourism development, embarks from the tourism motivation, tourism, tourist market, to implement ecological tourism. To change this situation, we propose the novel approach to enhance the traditional ecological tourism planning which will optimize the overall performance.

Study on the Foreign Eco-tourism Environment Protection Act and Its Enlightenment

China, as a power in ecotourism resources, is luxuriant in eco-tourism resources. With the continuous expansion of the ecological tourism market, however, the ecological tourism environment protection problems are becoming acute. Then, the ecological tourism will be in a fatal blow in China if the ecological tourism environment is not being protected. Therefore, improving China＇ s ecological tourism environmental protection legal system is of important practical significance to the sustainable development of tourism on the basis of introducing the experience of developed countries in ecotourism environmental protection act.

Challenges of Oil Companies' Upstream Business under Low Oil Price Condition

Currently, oil companies face the ＂new normal＂ condition that the profit of their upstream business is shrinking with the plunge of oil price. This problem challenges the operation and management of the upstream business. Therefore, it is essential to find out ＆e new approaches and key points of work, to achieve the goal of realizing a quality and sustainable development. From ten aspects, this paper discusses ＆e challenges facing ＆e upstream business of oil companies and puts forward corresponding roadmaps and strategies.

Analysis on the Hotel Management Mode from the Perspective of Low-carbon Tourism

As the global warming is becoming more and more serious, people have gradually come to realize the important role of low- carbon life. Since a strategy of sustainable development was proposed in China, the concept of low-carbon tourism has emerged, requiring tourists to carry out energy conservation and environmental protection as much as possible in the process of travel. The hotels in scenic areas naturally become an important part of tourists in travel and play a crucial role in the development of low-carbon tourism. Therefore, a deep analysis on the present hotel management mode is necessary, promoting hotels to conform to the requirements of low-carbon tourism. In this paper, hotel management is discussed from the perspective of low-carbon tourism, so as to provide ideas of practical significance and guiding role and a basis for the future low-carbon tourism and hotel management.

Reflections on the Connotations of Ecotourism

As the most desirable option for sustainable development of tourism industry, ecotourism still suffers from lack of a clear-cut and widely accepted definition, posing many risks and threats in its practices. Based on collection and collation of various concepts and explanations of ecotourism both at home and abroad, this paper reflects on the current connotations of ecotourism in terms of four aspects, namely, objects of ecotourism, ecotourists, nature of ecotourism as well as the relationship between ecotourism and communities. In-depth analysis was performed in an effort to revise the misinterpretation of ecotourism and provide implications for ecotourism initiatives. The main conclusions and fruits of this article include： 1） The objects of eeotourism should go beyond natural, pristine, or even only primitive natural areas to including cultural resources together with their natural context which also deserve preservation. 2） Tourism operators, compared to tourists, have more leverage and hence should shoulder more responsibilities for conservation. 3） Ecotourism should serve as a principle to guide tourism initiatives towards sustainability, rather than merely a special tour package. 4） The theoretic foundation was laid for community participation in ecotourism.

The Analysis on the Sustainable Development of Scenic Spots' Competitive Power

Under the principle of sustainable development, this paper analyzes the factors influencing the competitive power of scenic spots, and sets up a set of evaluation index system, which considers environmental, ecological, social and economic benefits. According to the characteristic of the inder system, the principal component analysis is adopted to do comprehensive appraisal. In the case study this paper analyzes the competitiveness of scenic spots in Jiangsu province.