员工越轨创新实现路径与边界:游戏动态性的触发作用

零工经济时代下,越轨创新成为开放创新、自主创新的重要组成部分,但当前鲜有研究揭示越轨创新行为实现路径与边界。通过对326位研发员工调研,运用层次回归、Bootstrapping法构建一个以游戏动态性为前因、越轨创新为后果、外部学习能力为中介、心理安全感为边界条件的有调节的中介模型。结果表明:①游戏动态性、外部学习能力对越轨创新具有显著正向影响;②外部学习能力在游戏动态性与越轨创新间起部分中介作用;③心理安全感在游戏动态性与外部学习能力间起正向调节作用,在游戏动态性与越轨创新间起正向调节作用。研究结论揭示了实现越轨创新的有效路径与边界条件,为开放式创新下人力资源管理实践提供了有益指导。

形式解释论下网络游戏动态画面的著作权保护路径

与“唯立法论”将制度本身作为评价对象不同,“解释论”旨在以现行立法为依据通过准确适用规则解决具体纠纷,因此以尊重法条文义为要旨的法律解释方法应为司法所坚守。为将游戏动态画面认定为“类电作品”,当前一些裁判通过径直适用国际公约、抽象理论和法律原则等架空“类电作品”的法定构成要件,以达同一性认定之目的这些做法实质上有损法律的完整性、权威性和安定性,殊值反思。游戏动态画面与“类电作品”在形态和传播方式上存在较大差异,不宜径行认定为“类电作品”;但因游戏动态画面符合“由一系列有伴音或者无伴音的画面组成”这一“类电作品”的核心构成要件,采取类推方法将“类电作品”视为游戏动态画面是较为妥当的著作权保护路径。

新媒体环境下网络直播的著作权分析——以游戏动态画面直播为分析对象

在我国的新媒体环境和知识产权法框架下,网络直播以其准入门槛低等特质迅速发展。对于网络游戏直播节目,通过对游戏动态画面进行直播,该节目类型应分为主播、玩家自行录制以及大型电子竞技比赛直播节目,两个类型分属于不同的权利属性,也应受到著作权的保护。结合我国首起电竞游戏赛事网络直播纠纷案——斗鱼公司盗播DOTA比赛案,重点讨论大型电子竞技比赛直播节目的相关问题。对于游戏动态画面的直播是建立在具有转换性的复制之上,一定程度上可被认定为合理使用。本案是国内首例对电子竞技比赛直播著作权及不正当竞争案件的判决,在目前新媒体发展日新月异、网络直播现象层出不穷且相关法律存在空白的情况下,具有一定的借鉴价值和指导意义。

类型化视角下网络游戏动态画面的著作权权属

学术界现对网络游戏播放著作权问题的探讨未区分不同网络游戏的类型,从而导致对该问题的分析过于笼统和不精确,应以网络游戏动态画面为切入视角,对不同类型的网络游戏播放的著作权问题加以分析。网络游戏分为竞技策略类和角色扮演类。竞技类动态画面既非表达,也不体现思想,所以不构成作品;画面中包含游戏制作者享有著作权的独创性元素的,对动态画面的使用行为构成对组成元素的转换性使用,不属于对游戏制作者著作权的侵权。角色扮演类动态画面反映出一定的剧情,是制作者思想的体现,可视为作品并适用影视作品的规则;呈现角色扮演类动态画面构成对游戏制作者所享有的动态画面著作权的侵犯,但在个别游戏中要考虑合理使用的适用空间。

基于Flow理论的教育游戏沉浸性设计策略研究——教育游戏活动难度动态调控研究

使所有的学生玩家产生沉浸感是教育游戏设计的最高境界,尽管影响沉浸感的因素很多,但游戏中的挑战与学生的技能水平相平衡,才是学生对其保持兴趣的最重要因素。本文在对Flow理论中"挑战—技能"平衡关系的分析以及对游戏中学生玩家技能的构成要素分析的基础上,提出了适应性地动态调控游戏活动难度,而使所有学生玩家都能找到沉浸区域的教育游戏设计策略,以达到使所有学生在游戏中皆获益之目标。

从云游戏看游戏连续动态画面的著作权认定

国内首份“云游戏”诉中禁令的发布将云游戏推到了风口浪尖,也让游戏连续动态画面的现有司法认定面临一个尴尬的解释:玩游戏等同于看电影。从云游戏操作情境出发,可以直观地发现将游戏连续动态画面界定为类电作品的不合理之处。事实上,在绝大多数情况下,游戏连续动态画面不但不属于类电作品,而且根本不构成作品。对于游戏连续动态画面的司法认定,需要从推动游戏作品类型的独立认定、尊重市场自治的空间和把握合理使用行为的界线等多方面入手。

从“《梦幻西游2》案”看网络游戏连续动态画面的作品性质

国内经济崛起、民众碎片化时间增加,催生了网络直播行业,热门游戏板块更是一时风靡。对于网络游戏连续动态画面、网络游戏直播所产生的作品属性等也成了理论界和实务界争议的焦点问题。故本文从《梦幻西游2》著作权及不正当竞争纠纷一案切入,旨在探讨网络游戏连续动态画面的相关争议问题,以期推动著作权法的进一步修改与完善。

何以激发越轨创新——双元领导与责任知觉的作用

在开放式创新背景下,越轨创新逐渐成为突破创新瓶颈、摆脱创新困境的重要途径。对研发部门421位员工进行两时点问卷调研,并运用层次回归、Bootstrapping法构建双元领导影响越轨创新的中介―调节模型。结果表明,双元领导和责任知觉对越轨创新具有显著正向预测作用;责任知觉在双元领导与越轨创新间起部分中介作用;游戏动态性在责任知觉与越轨创新间起正向调节作用。研究结论从领导行为和员工责任感知视角揭示了越轨创新发生的路径及边界条件,为开放式创新下的个体自主创新管理提供了重要借鉴。

奇崛叙事中的意义迷失——解读阎连科《坚硬如水》

中国当下的小说创作展开形式实验革命,打造出叙事与语言的狂欢场景,但在叙事策略上过度用力,诋毁了文本的分寸感,陷入语言游戏的漩涡,消解了文本的意义向度。文章将糅合叙述者、叙述语言、叙述内容等几个方面来阐述阎连科《坚硬如水》这一典型实验文本的叙述特征。

A Stackelberg Differential Game Based Bandwidth Allocation in Satellite Communication Network

In this paper, a Stackelberg differential game based approach is proposed to solve the bandwidth allocation problems in satellite communication network. All the satellites are divided into two groups, one has high download requirements, and the other one has low download requirements. Each satellites group has its own controller for bandwidth allocation, and can get payments from the satellites for the allocated resources. The relationships between the controllers and satellites are formed as a Stackelberg game. In our model, differential equation is introduced to describe the bandwidth dynamics for the whole satellite communication network. Combine the differential equation and Stackelberg game together, we can formulate the bandwidth allocation problems in satellite communication network as a Stackelber differential game. The solutions to the proposed game is solved based the Bellman dynamic equations. Numerical simulations are given to prove the effeteness and correctness of the proposed approach.

A Game-Theoretic Approach to Elastic Control in Software-Defined Networking

Elastic control could balance the distributed control plane in Software-Defined Networking(SDN). Dynamic switch migration has been proposed to achieve it. However, existing schemes mainly focus on how to execute migration operation, but not why. This paper designs a decision-making mechanism based on zero-sum game theory to reelect a new controller as the master for migrated switches. It first chooses a switch for migration in the heavy controller which invites its neighbors as the game players to compete for the master role of this switch in the game-playing field(GPF) which is an occasional and loose domain for game-playing. Second, based on the concept of GPF, we design a decentralized strategy to play the game and determine which player as the final master. We implement it by extending the Open Flow protocol. Finally, numerical results demonstrate that our distributed strategy can approach elastic control plane with better performance.

Reasoning about Epistemic Actions and Knowledge in Multi-Agent Systems Using Coq

In this paper, the authors outline a formal system for reasoning about agents＇ knowledge in knowledge games-a special type of multi-agent system. Knowledge games are card games where the agents＇ actions involve an exchange of information with other agents in the game. The authors＇ system is modeled using Coq-a formal proof management system. To the best of the authors＂ knowledge, there are no papers in which knowledge games are considered using a Coq proof assistant. The authors use the dynamic logic of common knowledge, where they particularly focus on the epistemic consequences of epistemic actions carried out by agents. The authors observe the changes in the system that result from such actions. Those changes that can occur in such a system that are of interest to the authors take the form of agents＇ knowledge about the state of the system, knowledge about other agents＇ knowledge, higher-order agents＇ knowledge and so on, up to common knowledge. Besides an axiomatic ofepistemic logic, the authors use a known axiomatization of card games that is extended with some new axioms that are required for the authors＇ approach. Due to a deficit in implementations grounded in theory that enable players to compute their knowledge in any state of the game, the authors show how the authors＇ approach can be used for these purposes.