The Crna River is a river in the Republic of Macedonia, right tributary to Vardar. Its source is in the mountains of Western Macedonia, west of Krusevo. It flows through the village of Sopotnica, and southwards throug...The Crna River is a river in the Republic of Macedonia, right tributary to Vardar. Its source is in the mountains of Western Macedonia, west of Krusevo. It flows through the village of Sopotnica, and southwards through the plains east of Bitola. The name means ＂black river＂ in Macedonian, which is translation for its former Thracian name. The purpose of this paper is to show the hunting and hunting areas for big and small Game （food）, the structure of the areas of certain hunting, fishing, fishing water objects, fish species, fishponds up to 20 years shown by municipalities and individual farms with ponds in the basin of Black River. It had used statistical data for the hunting grounds by areas, fishing ponds. Fish is very diverse in this river. Hunting in the Black River basin is of great importance for the economy of Republic of Macedonia. It is also a necessary factor for development of other economic activities.展开更多
The problem of water resources has become a bottleneck for the sustainable development of Beijing and Hebei Province (the two regions together are called "Jingji Region" for short).It is imperative to establ...The problem of water resources has become a bottleneck for the sustainable development of Beijing and Hebei Province (the two regions together are called "Jingji Region" for short).It is imperative to establish an effective and equitable water resources ecological compensation (eco-compensation) mechanism.The three stages of water resources eco-compensation are expatiated here namely the eco-compensation missing stage,ecocompensation start stage and the eco-compensation development stage.Through the establishment of eco-compensation game model based on the game theory,the reasons of the formation for the three stages were analyzed,as well as the conversion conditions from non-cooperative game to cooperative game among the related stakeholders including the central government,the water recipient government and the water source government.Furthermore,this study pointed out that the water resources eco-compensation in Jingji Region was not established based on the institution,but formed and developed in coping with the challenges of water crisis.However,institution construction is quite essential in game process for the water recipient government and the water source government.Finally recommendations in four areas including legalization of eco-compensation mechanism,setting up compensation standards,leading industrial upgrading and developing related incentives and constraints were concluded.展开更多
Teams developing serious games are often small and face both time and budget constraints. Although its importance is well-established, iterative usability testing is often forgone. Further, serious games present uniqu...Teams developing serious games are often small and face both time and budget constraints. Although its importance is well-established, iterative usability testing is often forgone. Further, serious games present unique challenges that they must be usable, enjoyable, and effective. It is necessary that the game＇s design is evaluated at several stages during development to ensure that all of these objectives are met. A model for incorporating usability testing into development that addresses these three elements is presented, along with guidelines for implementation focused specifically on small serious games development teams. By applying this model to development should ensure that developers are able to efficiently produce more effective serious games.展开更多
The success of the Hunger Games trilogy to the young readers is its distinctive blending of science fiction elements with protagonist Katniss＇ initiation. The trilogy suffices youth＇s interest to embrace a fiction t...The success of the Hunger Games trilogy to the young readers is its distinctive blending of science fiction elements with protagonist Katniss＇ initiation. The trilogy suffices youth＇s interest to embrace a fiction that dramatizes both realistic and fantastic portray of the world. Through depicting the intellectual and social development of protagonist Katniss who, after experiencing both defeats and triumphs in a dystopian world, Suzanne Collins successfully conveys the coming-of-age theme under the veil of science fiction in the Hunger Games trilogy.展开更多
The fuzzy logic, which is a technique of the artificial intelligence, rises as a result of studies based on simulating the human brain. It is a type of logic that recognizes more than simple true and false values. Lin...The fuzzy logic, which is a technique of the artificial intelligence, rises as a result of studies based on simulating the human brain. It is a type of logic that recognizes more than simple true and false values. Linguistic variables can be represented with degrees of truthfulness and falsehood by using fuzzy logic. Like other artificial intelligence techniques, the fuzzy logic is used in many different areas. In computer game industry, it can be used to develop artificial intelligence based games. In this paper, the author discusses about usage of the fuzzy logic technique in computer games and developed a basic game based on the fuzzy logic. In this game, a computer controlled character can behave differently according to changing situations.展开更多
The spectrum allocation for links in multi-hop cognitive radio networks is addressed.The links rent the vacant licensed bands offered by primary users for implementing directional transmission.To minimize the individu...The spectrum allocation for links in multi-hop cognitive radio networks is addressed.The links rent the vacant licensed bands offered by primary users for implementing directional transmission.To minimize the individual cost,the links share the licensed band and rental fee.An interference model for the directional transmission in cognitive radio networks is proposed to formulate the cooperative and dynamic behavior of the links using the theory of hedonic game,called spectrum allocation game.The game is proved to converge to the core stable state indicating that all links satisfy with their current conditions and do not deviate from their coalitions.Numerical results show that the game improves spectral efficiency and contributes to reducing the individual cost of the links.展开更多
Choosing a strategy for sustainable development is national level aimed at the simultaneous fulfillment of economic, a fundamental problem that requires non-trivial approaches at the social and environmental goals. Th...Choosing a strategy for sustainable development is national level aimed at the simultaneous fulfillment of economic, a fundamental problem that requires non-trivial approaches at the social and environmental goals. This contradiction is possible to be adequately described in the complex game-theoretic models. But analysis of them is complicated by the problems of algorithmic solvability and the payoff functions construction. Also, the volume of data required creates considerable complexity increased by the conditions of situations uncertainty and conflict. At the same time, international organizations, such as UN （United Nations）, ITU （International Telecommunications Union）, are widely used index system. Indices, built on the aggregation of elementary indicators, allow the estimation of the components of the system and its overall development. The paper discusses the basic concepts of game-theoretic approach to the problems of finding strategies for sustainable development, using indicative analysis techniques. In the proposed approach, estimating of sustainability is considered as the result of finding the optimal values of the payoff functions in general game-theoretical model where the players are matched indices. The interests of the player are to increase of the corresponding index and the optimal situation is implemented as a set of optimal payoff functions values. This allows switching from processing of large amounts of data describing the behavior of the ecological-economic system by the aid of indicators to aggregate estimations, which significantly reduce the sample, and also facilitates the interpretation of the results.展开更多
文摘The Crna River is a river in the Republic of Macedonia, right tributary to Vardar. Its source is in the mountains of Western Macedonia, west of Krusevo. It flows through the village of Sopotnica, and southwards through the plains east of Bitola. The name means ＂black river＂ in Macedonian, which is translation for its former Thracian name. The purpose of this paper is to show the hunting and hunting areas for big and small Game （food）, the structure of the areas of certain hunting, fishing, fishing water objects, fish species, fishponds up to 20 years shown by municipalities and individual farms with ponds in the basin of Black River. It had used statistical data for the hunting grounds by areas, fishing ponds. Fish is very diverse in this river. Hunting in the Black River basin is of great importance for the economy of Republic of Macedonia. It is also a necessary factor for development of other economic activities.
基金sponsored by the program of CDRF-GM Young Professionals in Development Study (PHD Dissertations Fellowship) set by China Development Research Foundation in 2009
文摘The problem of water resources has become a bottleneck for the sustainable development of Beijing and Hebei Province (the two regions together are called "Jingji Region" for short).It is imperative to establish an effective and equitable water resources ecological compensation (eco-compensation) mechanism.The three stages of water resources eco-compensation are expatiated here namely the eco-compensation missing stage,ecocompensation start stage and the eco-compensation development stage.Through the establishment of eco-compensation game model based on the game theory,the reasons of the formation for the three stages were analyzed,as well as the conversion conditions from non-cooperative game to cooperative game among the related stakeholders including the central government,the water recipient government and the water source government.Furthermore,this study pointed out that the water resources eco-compensation in Jingji Region was not established based on the institution,but formed and developed in coping with the challenges of water crisis.However,institution construction is quite essential in game process for the water recipient government and the water source government.Finally recommendations in four areas including legalization of eco-compensation mechanism,setting up compensation standards,leading industrial upgrading and developing related incentives and constraints were concluded.
文摘Teams developing serious games are often small and face both time and budget constraints. Although its importance is well-established, iterative usability testing is often forgone. Further, serious games present unique challenges that they must be usable, enjoyable, and effective. It is necessary that the game＇s design is evaluated at several stages during development to ensure that all of these objectives are met. A model for incorporating usability testing into development that addresses these three elements is presented, along with guidelines for implementation focused specifically on small serious games development teams. By applying this model to development should ensure that developers are able to efficiently produce more effective serious games.
文摘The success of the Hunger Games trilogy to the young readers is its distinctive blending of science fiction elements with protagonist Katniss＇ initiation. The trilogy suffices youth＇s interest to embrace a fiction that dramatizes both realistic and fantastic portray of the world. Through depicting the intellectual and social development of protagonist Katniss who, after experiencing both defeats and triumphs in a dystopian world, Suzanne Collins successfully conveys the coming-of-age theme under the veil of science fiction in the Hunger Games trilogy.
文摘The fuzzy logic, which is a technique of the artificial intelligence, rises as a result of studies based on simulating the human brain. It is a type of logic that recognizes more than simple true and false values. Linguistic variables can be represented with degrees of truthfulness and falsehood by using fuzzy logic. Like other artificial intelligence techniques, the fuzzy logic is used in many different areas. In computer game industry, it can be used to develop artificial intelligence based games. In this paper, the author discusses about usage of the fuzzy logic technique in computer games and developed a basic game based on the fuzzy logic. In this game, a computer controlled character can behave differently according to changing situations.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Programme of China(No.2011AA010503)the National Natural Science Foundations of China(No.60903192)
文摘The spectrum allocation for links in multi-hop cognitive radio networks is addressed.The links rent the vacant licensed bands offered by primary users for implementing directional transmission.To minimize the individual cost,the links share the licensed band and rental fee.An interference model for the directional transmission in cognitive radio networks is proposed to formulate the cooperative and dynamic behavior of the links using the theory of hedonic game,called spectrum allocation game.The game is proved to converge to the core stable state indicating that all links satisfy with their current conditions and do not deviate from their coalitions.Numerical results show that the game improves spectral efficiency and contributes to reducing the individual cost of the links.
文摘Choosing a strategy for sustainable development is national level aimed at the simultaneous fulfillment of economic, a fundamental problem that requires non-trivial approaches at the social and environmental goals. This contradiction is possible to be adequately described in the complex game-theoretic models. But analysis of them is complicated by the problems of algorithmic solvability and the payoff functions construction. Also, the volume of data required creates considerable complexity increased by the conditions of situations uncertainty and conflict. At the same time, international organizations, such as UN （United Nations）, ITU （International Telecommunications Union）, are widely used index system. Indices, built on the aggregation of elementary indicators, allow the estimation of the components of the system and its overall development. The paper discusses the basic concepts of game-theoretic approach to the problems of finding strategies for sustainable development, using indicative analysis techniques. In the proposed approach, estimating of sustainability is considered as the result of finding the optimal values of the payoff functions in general game-theoretical model where the players are matched indices. The interests of the player are to increase of the corresponding index and the optimal situation is implemented as a set of optimal payoff functions values. This allows switching from processing of large amounts of data describing the behavior of the ecological-economic system by the aid of indicators to aggregate estimations, which significantly reduce the sample, and also facilitates the interpretation of the results.
