利用游离小孢子培养育成早熟春甘蓝新品种‘豫生1号’

采用游离小孢子培养技术快速育成早熟春甘蓝一代杂交新品种‘豫生 1号’ (96 1)。该品种叶球近圆形 ,结球紧实 ,叶质脆嫩 ,耐先期抽薹 ,耐裂球 ,抗病毒病、黑腐病、霜霉病。定植后 6 0d成熟 ,净菜产量 4 4～ 5 5t/hm2 。

通过游离小孢子培养获得绿菜花(Bras sica oleracea var.italica)再生植株

通过游离小孢子培养获得绿菜花（Ｂｒａｓｉｃａｏｌｅｒａｃｅａｖａｒ．ｉｔａｌｉｃａ）再生植株ＰｌａｎｔＲｅｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎｆｒｏｍＩｓｏｌａｔｅｄＭｉｃｒｏｓｐｏｒｅＣｕｌｔｕｒｅｏｆＢｒａｓｉｃａｏｌｅｒａｃｅａｖａｒ．ｉｔａｌｉｃａ７０年代初...

Embryogenesis and Development of Isolated Microspore in Chinese Cabbage

[Objective] The aim was to observe embryogenesis and development of isolated microspores in Chinese cabbage. [Method] Chinese cabbage F 1 hybrids were used as the experimental materials, and optical microspore was employed to observe the embryogenesis and development of isolated microspores. [Result] Cells swelled after heat shock treatment, which was the critical factor of embryoid induction. Three pathways equal division, unequal division and germination of microspores were discovered to lead to the embryogenesis from isolated microspores after swelling. Microspore could grow directly to embryoid through germination path way. Equally divided microspores formed the original embryos after successive multiple equal divisions. Original embryos could develop into cotyledon-shaped embryos via globular, heart-shaped and torpedo-shaped embryos. The large one of the two cells from unequally divided microspores continued to divide and finally formed a polar embryoid. [Conclusion] The study will provide cytological basis for high induction frequency and embryoid of Chinese cabbage.

Establishment on Isolated Microspore Culture Optimized System for Restorer of New Cytoplasmic Male Sterile (NER) of Brassica napus L.

[Objective]The aim was to establish optimized system for NER isolated microspore culture of Brassica napus L.. [Method]Twenty varieties of NER of Brassica napus were grown under uncontrolled temperature and light conditions,and their isolated microspore from anthers were used as explants in vitro culture. The influencing factors of microspore culture were preliminarily studied. [Result]The difference of genotypes was important influencing factors to embryoid yield. The embryoid yield increased by supplementing with 6-BA and NAA,culturing in solid-liquid double layer medium with activated charcoal; The difference was not significant of embryoid yield between culturing in medium supplemented with colchicines and the CK. The rates of cotyledonous embryoids directly developed into normal plantlets increased through enriching with 0.1-0.2 mg/L NAA and being treated on slim illumination two days before being inducted into normal plantlets. [Conclusion]The technical system of microspore culture of restorer of new cytoplasmic male sterile （NER） was established,which and lays a foundation for accelerating genotype purification of NER introgressive line.

Extra-Large Seed Germplasms of Brassica Napus Created through Microspore Culture

Thousand Seed Weight （TSW） is one of the major yield components of rapeseed （Brassica napus L.）. Here reports an extra-large seed germplasm GM01 which was obtained through isolated microspore culture. Three-way cross was made： H8--a Yunnan spring early-maturing rapeseed variety, ＂Legeney＂--a Canadian canola variety and ＂020010＂--a semi-winter late-maturing rapeseed variety. One hundred and forty eight doubled hyploid lines were obtained from the F~ plants of three-way cross through isolated mierospore culture. Among them, the TSW of GM01 amounted to 8.68 g and the TSW of 53 lines were above 5.0 g. The TSWs of GM01 were relatively stable among the multi-location field trials from 2007 to 2014 with variation being only 10%-15% among the locations and years. Compared with H8, GM01 had larger flowers, stigmas, siliques and seed diameters, but less branches, siliques per plant and seeds per silique.

WNK1: analysis of protein kinase structure, downstream targets, and potential roles in hypertension

The WNK kinases are a recently discovered family of serine-threonine kinases that have been shown to play an essential role in the regulation of electrolyte homeostasis. Intronic deletions in the WNK1 gene result in its overexpression and lead to pseudohypoaldosteronism type II, a disease with salt-sensitive hypertension and hyperkalemia. This review focuses on the recent evidence elucidating the structure of the kinase domain of WNK1 and functions of these kinases in normal and disease physiology. Their functions have implications for understanding the biochemical mechanism that could lead to the retention or insertion of proteins in the plasma membrane. The WNK kinases may be able to influence ion homeostasis through its effects on synaptotagmin function.

Morphological variation and distribution of free neuromasts during half-smooth tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis ontogeny

This study was conducted to clarify the distribution and morphology of free neuromasts during the development of half-smooth tongue sole （Cynoglossus semilaevis） using scanning electron microscopy. During development, （1） the apical surface of free neuromasts changed in shape from a circle to a four-poiut star; （2） the external structure changed from being level with the epidermis to papilla-like above the level of the epidermis; （3） the neuromast cupula changed from cylindrical to blade-shaped; （4） the free neuromasts went from occurring singly to being in clusters of a few single organs; （5） the arrangement changed from a linear array to no discernable pattern; （6） there was a significant increase in the number of free neuromasts after metamorphosis. In adult C. semilaevis, free neuromasts were only observed on the abocular side of the head. Thus, there were more free neuromasts located on the abocular side of the head with a higher concentration around the anterior nostril and mouth, which may have a mechanical sensory function to help locate food as an adaptation to a benthic mode of life.

Inhibitory effect of schisandrin B on free fatty acid-induced steatosis in L-02 cells

AIM:To investigate the effects of schisandrin B (Sch B) on free fatty acid (FFA)-induced steatosis in L-02 cells.METHODS:Cellular steatosis was induced by incubating L-02 cells with a FFA mixture (oleate and palmitate at the ratio of 2:1) for 24 h.Cytotoxicity and apoptosis were evaluated by 3-(4,5-dmethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and Annexin V/propidium iodide staining,respectively.Cellular total lipid was determined using a photocolorimetric method after Nile red staining,and triglyceride content was measured using an enzymatic kit.To study the effects of Sch B on steatosis,L-02 cells were treated with Sch B (1-100 μmol/L) in the absence or presence of 1 mmol/L FFA for 24 h,and cellular total lipid and triglyceride levels were measured.To explore the mechanisms of action of Sch B in the steatotic L-02 cells,mRNA levels of several regulators of hepatic lipid metabolism including adipose differentiation related protein (ADRP),sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α and PPAR-γ were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR),and protein levels of ADRP and SREBP-1 were measured by immunoblotting.RESULTS:Treatment with 1 mmol/L FFA for 24 h induced intracellular lipid accumulation in L-02 cells comparable to that in human steatotic livers without causing apparent apoptosis and cytotoxicity.Sch B mitigated cellular total lipid and triglyceride accumulations in the steatotic L-02 cells in a dose-dependent manner.Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analyses revealed that treatment of L-02 cells with 100 μmol/L Sch B reverted the FFA-stimulated up-regulation of ADRP and SREBP-1.CONCLUSION:Sch B inhibits FFA-induced steatosis in L-02 cells by,at least in part,reversing the up-regulation of ADRP and SREBP-1.

D-AP5 blocks the increase of intracellular free Ca^(2+) induced by glutamate in isolated cochlear IHCs

Objective To investigate the effect of D-AP5 (D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoate, a specific NMDA-antagonist) on the increase of intracellular free Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i) induced by glutamate in isolated cochlear inner hair cells (IHCs), and to detect the autoreceptors of the IHC membrane. Methods When a laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) was used, the exogenous glutamate (Glu)-induced changes in [Ca 2+ ] i of isolated IHCs and OHCs of guinea pig cochlea were observed with fluo-3, a fluorescent probe for [Ca 2+ ] i. After D-AP5 or CNQX (6--cyano--7--nitroguinoxaline--2, 3--dione, a specific AMPA- antagonist) was administrated, the exogenous glutamate (Glu)-induced changes in [Ca 2+ ] i of isolated IHCs were recorded. Results In the presence of a low concentration Glu (3.85?μmol/L), there was an increase of [Ca 2+ ] i in IHCs, whereas there was no change in OHCs. When 50?μmol/L of D-AP5 was administrated in advance, Glu did not induce a corresponding increase in [Ca 2+ ] i in IHCs, and 50?μmol/L of CNQX did not completely block the increase of [Ca 2+ ] i in IHCs. Conclusions These results suggest that the autoreceptors existing in the IHC membrane are mainly of NMDA type, while there are relatively few AMPA receptors. Exogenous Glu is capable of increasing [Ca 2+ ] i in IHCs by acting on the NMDA autoreceptor of IHCs in a positive feedback manner.

Freeness and matrix decompositions

If a semicircular element and the diagonal subalgebra of a matrix algebra are free in a finite von Neumann algebra （with respect to a normal trace）, then, up to the conjugation by a diagonal unitary element, all entries of the semicircular element are uniquely determined in the sense of （joint） distribution. Suppose a selfadjoint element is free with the diagonal subalgebra. Then, in the matrix decomposition of the selfa^tjoint element, any two entries cannot be free with each other unless the selfadjoint element is semicircular. We also define a ＂matricial distance＂ between two elements and show that such distance for two free semicircular elements in a finite von Neumann algebra is nonzero and independent of the properties of the von Neumann algebra.

Reconstruction of plasmoid and traveling compression region in the near-Earth magnetotail

Cluster spacecraft observed an earthward flowing plasmoid along with a travelling compression region （TCR） structure in southern plasma sheet boundary layer （PSBL） at 21：09 UT of September 19, 2001. We have reconstructed the two-dimensional topology of the magnetic field structure observed by C1 using Grad-Shafranov reconstruction method. Results show that CI passed through part of a plasmoid, which compressed the lobe magnetic field and formed a TCR. The size of the whole plas- moid structure in X direction is estimated to be about 3 Re. Furthermore, using multi-spacecraft observations, we have found some detailed information about this structure. First, C1 observed bi-streaming electron components, which supports our sug- gestion that the spacecraft passed through closed field lines. Second, a small magnetic field perturbation within this plasmoid accompanied by slight decrease in electron flux suggests that a flux rope core might exist at the center of the plasmoid.

Study on effects of Zhi Zi(Fructus gardeniae) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the rat

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of Zhi Zi(Fructus Gardeniae) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) induced by a high-fat diet in the rat.METHODS:A rat model of NAFLD was established using a high-fat diet.Twenty one rats were randomly divided into a normal group,a model group and a Zhi Zi treatment group,7 rats per group.Drinking water and the drug were intragastrically administrated for 5 weeks.Samples were then taken to observe pathological changes of the liver tissue(HE staining);changes in the fat metabolism pathway e.g.triglyceride(TG) and free fatty acid(FFA) content;alterations in liver function,i.e.serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) activity;and differences in tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α) and P-IkB protein expression in the liver tissue.RESULTS:Fatty degeneration and vacuole-like changes of different degrees occurred in hepatic cells of the model group.Markers for fat metabolism,serum ALT and AST activities,and expressionof TNF-α and P-IkB proteins in liver tissue significantly increased.Fat metabolism in the Zhi Zi group significantly reduced,as shown by a drop in marker levels.Serum ALT and AST activities,and expression of TNF-α,P-IkB proteins in liver tissue were also significantly decreased in this group.CONCLUSION:Zhi Zi has a very strong inhibitory action on lipidosis and inflammatory injury in the rat model of NAFLD.This mechanism may possibly be related to the inhibition of the free fatty acid metabolism pathway.

Effect of Carbon and Nitrogen Availability on Metabolism of Amino Acids in Germinating Spores of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

The effects of carbon （C） and nitrogen （N） sources on N utilization and biosynthesis of amino acids were examined in the germinating spores of the arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungus Glomus intraradices Schenck ＆ Smith after exposure to various N substrates, CO2, glucose, and/or root exudates. The N uptake and de novo biosynthesis of amino acids were analyzed using stable isotopic labeling with mass spectrometric detection. High-performance liquid chromatography-based analysis was used to measure amino acid levels. In the absence of exogenous N sources and in the presence of 25 mL L^-1 CO2, the germinating AM fungal spores utilized internal N storage as well as C skeletons derived from the degradation of storage lipids to biosynthesize the free amino acids, in which serine and glycine were produced predominantly. The concentrations of internal amino acids increased gradually as the germination time increased from 0 to 1 or 2 weeks. However, asparagine and glutamine declined to the low levels; both degraded to provide the biosynthesis of other amino acids with C and N donors. The availability of exogenous inorganic N （ammonium and nitrate） and organic N （urea, arginine, and glutamine） to the AM fungal spores using only CO2 for germination generated more than 5 times more internal free amino acids than those in the absence of exogenous N. A supply of exogenous nitrate to the AM fungal spores with only CO2 gave rise to more than 10 times more asparagine than that without exogenous N. In contrast, the extra supply of exogenous glucose to the AM fungal spores generated a significant enhancement in the uptake of exogenous N sources, with more than 3 times more free amino acids being produced than those supplied with only exogenous CO2. Meanwhile, arginine was the most abundant free amino acid produced and it was incorporated into the proteins of AM funsal spores to serve as an N storage compound.