柬埔寨洞里萨湖(Tonle Sap Lake)位于湄公河下游盆地的中心地带,是汹涌的湄公河的缩影和“心脏”,也是湄公河三角洲复杂生态水文的重要组成部分。如今,生物多样性极为丰富的洪泛区是170万人口的家园,也是含有鱼类物种最多的地区之一,极...柬埔寨洞里萨湖(Tonle Sap Lake)位于湄公河下游盆地的中心地带,是汹涌的湄公河的缩影和“心脏”,也是湄公河三角洲复杂生态水文的重要组成部分。如今,生物多样性极为丰富的洪泛区是170万人口的家园,也是含有鱼类物种最多的地区之一,极易受水电、灌溉、防洪和供水等大型水利工程设施建设的影响。在森林砍伐、种植作物单一、人口增长、国际投资激增、大规模旅游等各种发展压力下,千百年来的人类聚落、多民族的生活和社会文化习俗均受到威胁。同时,受淤积、污染、野生动物(尤其是鱼类和鸟类)资源的过度开发及农林种植规模扩张的影响,湖泊的生态活力岌岌可危。柬埔寨动荡的历史与大幅度土地割据,对其水利基础设施产生了根本性的影响。揭示了人类通过工程建设和领地扩张强化自身影响的情况下,土壤、植被、地形和水等自然景观要素与人类主宰力之间的内在联系。早先人类聚落和生产性景观的形成得益于多种传统生态知识(traditional ecological knowledge,TEK),特别体现在保留至今的众多水上渔村和湖边高脚屋上。批判性地指出,在过去的2个世纪里,人类大规模地侵占自然环境开展工程建设所形成的景观,在某种程度上破坏了自然系统的稳定性,人与自然和谐共生的关系被打破。只有深刻理解区域景观生态内的复杂关系并致力于其恢复重建,才能实现人类与其他物种和谐共生的愿景。展开更多
The Mekong supports one of the richest inland fisheries in the world, with many of the fish migrating long distance to spawn. Little is known about the fisheries and migration strategies of the Upper Mekong whilst it ...The Mekong supports one of the richest inland fisheries in the world, with many of the fish migrating long distance to spawn. Little is known about the fisheries and migration strategies of the Upper Mekong whilst it is supposed that many fish species move between the Lower and Upper Mekong. Most likely, natural fish migration in the river has been altered by dam construction across the mainstream of the Upper Mekong. In this paper, the interconnectivity of fish species between different sections of the Mekong and negative impacts of dams on migratory fish are studied. Of the 162 fish species in the Upper Mekong and the 869 species in the Lower Mekong, 61 species are common. Results show that there is no significant difference at order level between the UM and LM. Similarity coefficients are used to evaluate interconnectivity at species, genus and family levels among four different sections of the Upper Mekong with each other and with the Lower Mekong as a whole. The highest similarity is found between the middle and lower reach of the Upper Mekong at species and genus levels and the middle and upper reach at family level. Of the eight cascade dams, Mengsong Dam in planning is considered as the biggest threat to migratory fish from the Lower Mekong and should be particularly concerned.展开更多
文摘柬埔寨洞里萨湖(Tonle Sap Lake)位于湄公河下游盆地的中心地带,是汹涌的湄公河的缩影和“心脏”,也是湄公河三角洲复杂生态水文的重要组成部分。如今,生物多样性极为丰富的洪泛区是170万人口的家园,也是含有鱼类物种最多的地区之一,极易受水电、灌溉、防洪和供水等大型水利工程设施建设的影响。在森林砍伐、种植作物单一、人口增长、国际投资激增、大规模旅游等各种发展压力下,千百年来的人类聚落、多民族的生活和社会文化习俗均受到威胁。同时,受淤积、污染、野生动物(尤其是鱼类和鸟类)资源的过度开发及农林种植规模扩张的影响,湖泊的生态活力岌岌可危。柬埔寨动荡的历史与大幅度土地割据,对其水利基础设施产生了根本性的影响。揭示了人类通过工程建设和领地扩张强化自身影响的情况下,土壤、植被、地形和水等自然景观要素与人类主宰力之间的内在联系。早先人类聚落和生产性景观的形成得益于多种传统生态知识(traditional ecological knowledge,TEK),特别体现在保留至今的众多水上渔村和湖边高脚屋上。批判性地指出,在过去的2个世纪里,人类大规模地侵占自然环境开展工程建设所形成的景观,在某种程度上破坏了自然系统的稳定性,人与自然和谐共生的关系被打破。只有深刻理解区域景观生态内的复杂关系并致力于其恢复重建,才能实现人类与其他物种和谐共生的愿景。
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40601096)
文摘The Mekong supports one of the richest inland fisheries in the world, with many of the fish migrating long distance to spawn. Little is known about the fisheries and migration strategies of the Upper Mekong whilst it is supposed that many fish species move between the Lower and Upper Mekong. Most likely, natural fish migration in the river has been altered by dam construction across the mainstream of the Upper Mekong. In this paper, the interconnectivity of fish species between different sections of the Mekong and negative impacts of dams on migratory fish are studied. Of the 162 fish species in the Upper Mekong and the 869 species in the Lower Mekong, 61 species are common. Results show that there is no significant difference at order level between the UM and LM. Similarity coefficients are used to evaluate interconnectivity at species, genus and family levels among four different sections of the Upper Mekong with each other and with the Lower Mekong as a whole. The highest similarity is found between the middle and lower reach of the Upper Mekong at species and genus levels and the middle and upper reach at family level. Of the eight cascade dams, Mengsong Dam in planning is considered as the biggest threat to migratory fish from the Lower Mekong and should be particularly concerned.
