强湍流风对偏航状态风力机叶片的动态载荷会产生显著影响,叶片根部载荷的动态特性是影响风力机使用寿命和安全运行的关键因素。该研究采用NWTCUP(The NREL National Wind Technology Center Model)风谱模型耦合KHB(Kelvin-Helmholtz Bil...强湍流风对偏航状态风力机叶片的动态载荷会产生显著影响,叶片根部载荷的动态特性是影响风力机使用寿命和安全运行的关键因素。该研究采用NWTCUP(The NREL National Wind Technology Center Model)风谱模型耦合KHB(Kelvin-Helmholtz Billow)流动,构建了一种强湍流相干结构风况,利用FAST(Fatigue,Aerodynamics,Structures and Turbulence)程序计算了该风况下NREL 1.5 MW风力机在不同偏航角下的气动载荷,研究了KHB湍流相干结构对偏航状态下风力机叶根动态载荷的影响。研究表明,湍流相干结构会使风力机载荷的波动幅值和能量增加。偏航角的增大对叶根摆振力矩影响较小,但对叶根挥舞力矩影响较大,并使二者波动程度增强。湍流相干结构使叶根摆振力矩的最大值、标准差平均升高28.30%和0.64%,最小值和平均值平均降低27.28%和1.903%,叶根挥舞力矩的最大值、标准差和平均值平均升高36.27%、59.57%和2.906%,最小值平均降低114.83%。叶根载荷的小波分析表明,湍流相干结构对摆振力矩频域能量影响较小,且能量主要集中在低频段并与雷诺应力的剪应力分量(u′w′、v′w′)对应较好;对叶根挥舞力矩频域能量影响显著,且能量变化与雷诺应力的剪应力分量(u′w′)对应较好,随着偏航角的增大,叶根挥舞力矩频域能量整体升高。对叶片根部进行加固则可以有效提升叶片的使用可靠性。展开更多
This paper numerically investigates particle saltation in a turbulent channel flow having a rough bed consisting of 2–3 layers of densely packed spheres.In this study,we combined three the state-of-the-art technologi...This paper numerically investigates particle saltation in a turbulent channel flow having a rough bed consisting of 2–3 layers of densely packed spheres.In this study,we combined three the state-of-the-art technologies,i.e.,the direct numerical simulation of turbulent flow,the combined finite-discrete element modelling of the deformation,movement and collision of the particles,and the immersed boundary method for the fluid-solid interaction.Here we verify our code by comparing the flow and particle statistical features with the published data and then present the hydrodynamic forces acting on a particle together with the particle coordinates and velocities,during a typical saltation.We found strong correlation between the abruptly decreasing particle stream-wise velocity and the increasing vertical velocity at collision,which indicates that the continuous saltation of large grain-size particles is controlled by collision parameters such as particle incident angle,local rough bed packing arrangement,and particle density,etc.This physical process is different from that of particle entrainment in which turbulence coherence structures play an important role.Probability distribution functions of several important saltation parameters and the relationships between them are presented.The results show that the saltating particles hitting the windward side of the bed particles are more likely to bounce off the rough bed than those hitting the leeside.Based on the above findings,saltation mechanisms of large grain-size particles in turbulent channel flow are presented.展开更多
Herein is introduced the mechanism for active control influencing the generation of the near-wall streamwise vortices,which are closely related to the production of high skin friction in wall-bounded turbulent flows.A...Herein is introduced the mechanism for active control influencing the generation of the near-wall streamwise vortices,which are closely related to the production of high skin friction in wall-bounded turbulent flows.A new opposition control scheme with adjusting control amplitude is proposed and evaluated in turbulent channel flow by direct numerical simulations.The maximum drag reduction rate can be greatly enhanced by the strengthened control.Finally the effectiveness of the control to the coherent structures at high Reynolds numbers is investigated by using a linear transient growth model.展开更多
In a meandering river,a certain scale of turbulent vortex dominates the development of river morphology,making the river bend with s particular curvature.This kind of vortex is denoted as "bend-forming vortex&quo...In a meandering river,a certain scale of turbulent vortex dominates the development of river morphology,making the river bend with s particular curvature.This kind of vortex is denoted as "bend-forming vortex".The coordinated relationship of bend-forming vortex and meandering river channel is then known as "self-adaption feature" of rivers.With these two concepts,this paper investigated the stability and self-adaption character of coherent vortex in the U-shape river bend with a constant curvature.On the basis of fluid mechanics theory and in consideration of turbulent coherent vortex as disturbance,the growth rate and the wave number response range of coherent vortex in meandering rivers with different curvatures were calculated in this paper.Moreover,the responses of different scales of coherent turbulence structure to river bend parameters were analyzed to explain the mechanism of river bend maintenance.These methods could provide a theoretical basis for further investigation on river meandering.展开更多
Direct numerical simulation(DNS) of forcing homogeneous isotropic turbulence with polymers was performed.In order to understand the polymers effect on turbulent coherent structures,proper orthogonal decomposition was ...Direct numerical simulation(DNS) of forcing homogeneous isotropic turbulence with polymers was performed.In order to understand the polymers effect on turbulent coherent structures,proper orthogonal decomposition was performed to identify coherent structures based on DNS data,so as to analyze the remarkable difference due to the addition of polymers.The results showed that the numbers for eigenmodes required for capturing coherent structures were 32 and 24 for the Newtonian fluid and polymer solution flows,respectively,which means the decrease of the complexity in polymer solution flow.Through the POD energy spectrum,it was found that the turbulent kinetic energy is distributed onto a large number of eigenmodes whether in the Newtonian fluid flow or polymer solution flow,suggesting that polymer solution flow is still turbulent in one aspect.Besides,the POD eigenmodes were investigated,which found that the small-scale structures are inhibited in polymer solution flow.展开更多
文摘强湍流风对偏航状态风力机叶片的动态载荷会产生显著影响,叶片根部载荷的动态特性是影响风力机使用寿命和安全运行的关键因素。该研究采用NWTCUP(The NREL National Wind Technology Center Model)风谱模型耦合KHB(Kelvin-Helmholtz Billow)流动,构建了一种强湍流相干结构风况,利用FAST(Fatigue,Aerodynamics,Structures and Turbulence)程序计算了该风况下NREL 1.5 MW风力机在不同偏航角下的气动载荷,研究了KHB湍流相干结构对偏航状态下风力机叶根动态载荷的影响。研究表明,湍流相干结构会使风力机载荷的波动幅值和能量增加。偏航角的增大对叶根摆振力矩影响较小,但对叶根挥舞力矩影响较大,并使二者波动程度增强。湍流相干结构使叶根摆振力矩的最大值、标准差平均升高28.30%和0.64%,最小值和平均值平均降低27.28%和1.903%,叶根挥舞力矩的最大值、标准差和平均值平均升高36.27%、59.57%和2.906%,最小值平均降低114.83%。叶根载荷的小波分析表明,湍流相干结构对摆振力矩频域能量影响较小,且能量主要集中在低频段并与雷诺应力的剪应力分量(u′w′、v′w′)对应较好;对叶根挥舞力矩频域能量影响显著,且能量变化与雷诺应力的剪应力分量(u′w′)对应较好,随着偏航角的增大,叶根挥舞力矩频域能量整体升高。对叶片根部进行加固则可以有效提升叶片的使用可靠性。
基金the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11802195)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12172242,and 11972251)+2 种基金the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11732010)Sino-German International Cooperation Project supported by Sino-German Science Center(GZ1575)the Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists of Shanxi Province,China(Grant No.201801D221027).
基金supported by a Marie Curie International Incoming Fellowship within the seventh European Community Framework Programme(Grant No.PIIF-GA-2009-236457)the financial support of the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51321065)+2 种基金Programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(Grant No.B14012)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.50809047 and 51009105)Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(Grant No.12JCQNJC02600)
文摘This paper numerically investigates particle saltation in a turbulent channel flow having a rough bed consisting of 2–3 layers of densely packed spheres.In this study,we combined three the state-of-the-art technologies,i.e.,the direct numerical simulation of turbulent flow,the combined finite-discrete element modelling of the deformation,movement and collision of the particles,and the immersed boundary method for the fluid-solid interaction.Here we verify our code by comparing the flow and particle statistical features with the published data and then present the hydrodynamic forces acting on a particle together with the particle coordinates and velocities,during a typical saltation.We found strong correlation between the abruptly decreasing particle stream-wise velocity and the increasing vertical velocity at collision,which indicates that the continuous saltation of large grain-size particles is controlled by collision parameters such as particle incident angle,local rough bed packing arrangement,and particle density,etc.This physical process is different from that of particle entrainment in which turbulence coherence structures play an important role.Probability distribution functions of several important saltation parameters and the relationships between them are presented.The results show that the saltating particles hitting the windward side of the bed particles are more likely to bounce off the rough bed than those hitting the leeside.Based on the above findings,saltation mechanisms of large grain-size particles in turbulent channel flow are presented.
基金Tsupported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10925210 and 11132005)
文摘Herein is introduced the mechanism for active control influencing the generation of the near-wall streamwise vortices,which are closely related to the production of high skin friction in wall-bounded turbulent flows.A new opposition control scheme with adjusting control amplitude is proposed and evaluated in turbulent channel flow by direct numerical simulations.The maximum drag reduction rate can be greatly enhanced by the strengthened control.Finally the effectiveness of the control to the coherent structures at high Reynolds numbers is investigated by using a linear transient growth model.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of China (Grant No.51021004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.50979066,50809045)
文摘In a meandering river,a certain scale of turbulent vortex dominates the development of river morphology,making the river bend with s particular curvature.This kind of vortex is denoted as "bend-forming vortex".The coordinated relationship of bend-forming vortex and meandering river channel is then known as "self-adaption feature" of rivers.With these two concepts,this paper investigated the stability and self-adaption character of coherent vortex in the U-shape river bend with a constant curvature.On the basis of fluid mechanics theory and in consideration of turbulent coherent vortex as disturbance,the growth rate and the wave number response range of coherent vortex in meandering rivers with different curvatures were calculated in this paper.Moreover,the responses of different scales of coherent turbulence structure to river bend parameters were analyzed to explain the mechanism of river bend maintenance.These methods could provide a theoretical basis for further investigation on river meandering.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.10872060)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant Nos.HIT.BRET1.2010008, HIT.NSRIF.2012070)+1 种基金the Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China (Grant No.20112302110020)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No.2011M500652)
文摘Direct numerical simulation(DNS) of forcing homogeneous isotropic turbulence with polymers was performed.In order to understand the polymers effect on turbulent coherent structures,proper orthogonal decomposition was performed to identify coherent structures based on DNS data,so as to analyze the remarkable difference due to the addition of polymers.The results showed that the numbers for eigenmodes required for capturing coherent structures were 32 and 24 for the Newtonian fluid and polymer solution flows,respectively,which means the decrease of the complexity in polymer solution flow.Through the POD energy spectrum,it was found that the turbulent kinetic energy is distributed onto a large number of eigenmodes whether in the Newtonian fluid flow or polymer solution flow,suggesting that polymer solution flow is still turbulent in one aspect.Besides,the POD eigenmodes were investigated,which found that the small-scale structures are inhibited in polymer solution flow.
