一分为三:明代运河水柜南旺湖权益分化的演变

运河山东段的南旺湖是明代运河上第一个水柜,在由自然湖泊成为官方济运水柜的过程中,形态逐渐清晰,与民间泊洼有了界限,湖泊中的各种权益也逐渐分化。起初没有水柜之名时,南旺湖与周边泊洼混沌一片,田土及湖产任意开发;嘉靖时期河道部门着手落实南旺三湖水柜的形态及机能,尽力扩大水域济运,清除了大量湖田,而后由于财政压力允许部分湖田的开垦,收益用于补偿开新河的损失;同时民间泊洼由于水柜界限的清晰也确立了民间所有的身份,其中的湖田纳粮为地方税收的一部分;水柜内湖产则一直保持对周边军民开放的政策,然而一度被藩王封殖,最终在明末解禁,复归于民。质言之,成为官方水柜的南旺湖,其所蕴含的资源并非随之一并为官方垄断,其中的水域、湖田、湖产的权益逐渐剥离,但这种剥离也并不恒定,中间存在着不同群体间反复的争夺。

Research on Geographical Indications and Cultural Heritage of Famous Tea in Hubei

In the study, analysis was made on present situation and development measures of geographical indications and cultural heritage protection of famous teas in Hubei Province. In addition, 8 related suggestions were proposed as well.

Evaluation of Potential Fishery Productivity in Lihu Lake Based on GIS

[Objective] The paper was scientifically evaluate the potential fishery productivity of Lihu using GIS technology.[Method] The evaluation of potential fishery productivity in Lihu was based on GIS and AHP according to the characteristics of fisheries resources in Lihu Lake.The evaluation system included 3 sub-models including water quality,biodiversity and hydrological condition,which totally had 10 indexes.Judgment matrix was constructed based the advices of professors of fisheries resources,and the indicator’s weight were calculated by the process of AHP.The ranking distributing map of potential fishery productivity in Lihu was obtained by the model of raster analysis,raster calculator,spatial overlay and classification models of ARC/INFO.[Result] Potential fishery productivity of Lihu was divided into 4 grades in term of higher,high,general and low,and which covered 2.643 3,3.844 8,1.121 4 and 0.400 5 hm2,respectively.[Conclusion] The study provided theoretical basis for ecological reconstruction of Lihu Lake.

Production Efficiency of Four Main Crops in the Decade in Hunan Province

The research explored productive efficiencies of main crops in the decade in Hunan by nonparametric DEA method and the results showed that net output value and net-profit rate of potato and sweet potato were extremely higher than those of rice and maize, and comprehensive efficiencies from high to low were potato, rice, sweet potato and maize. It is recommended that scales of rice, maize, and sweet potato should be reduced to certain extent and the scale of potato pro- duction extended. Besides, direct fee and labor cost should be lowered as much as possible to improve net-profit rate, accelerate crop S＆T development and improve grain productive efficiency.

Regional Division of Production and Development Strategy of Citrus in Hunan Province

[Objective] The aim was to research regional division of citrus production and development strategies in Hunan Province. [Method] According to Rural Statisti- cal Yearbook in Hunan Province during 2002-2011, Citrus in Hunan province were divided into three production regions, namely, superior region, sub-superior and non- superior region. On the base of the divisions, the ecological regionalization and brand strategy, Optimization of regional distribution and developing strategy were proposed, with consideration of avoiding frozen zones, in this paper. [Result] Fresh and processing bases of mandarin orange （C.unshiu Marc）, and specialty industries of seedless ponkan（C.reticulata Blanco）, Bingtang orange （C.sinensis Osbeck Bing- tangcheng）, Dayongjuhuaxinyou （Cgrandis （L.） Osbeck Dayongjuhuaxinyou） and An- jiangxiangyou （C.grandis （L.） Osbeck Anjiangxiangyou） should be constructed, where fresh fruit is dominant, supplemented by canned fruit and juice. Industry belt of sat- suma orange, fresh or processing food, is mainly built, for proportion of early and earlier ripe satsuma orange is over 50% of total yield in Xiangzhong citrus zone; in- dustry belt of excellent fresh navel orange and processing sweet orange should be highlighted in Xiangnan. [Conclusion] The research provides references for decision- making for governments, especially on optimization of citrus production regions and development of citrus industry.

The Study on Innovation Model Characteristics and Function Enhancement of “Leading Grain Enterprises+Farmers” in New Circumstances——an Investigation and Analysis on Major Grainproducing Areas in Hubei Province

ln the context of comprehensively deepening the reform, and integration of three The first, second and third industry sectors in rural areas, the research took major grain-producing areas in Hubei as an example, analyzed dominant grain in-dustrialization models “leading grain enterprises＋farmers”, and revealed its character-istics, advantages, and approaches for function reinforcement. The research is so meaningful, practical y or in future.

Economic Evaluation on "Planting Three to Produce Four" High-yielding Project of Super Hybrid-rice in Hunan

The research conducted investigation and survey on 186 farm households in 2014 and carried out economic evaluation on ＂planting three to produce four＂ highyielding project of super hybrid rice. The results showed that the project of ＂planting three to produce four＂ performed significantly in terms of increasing yields and incomes. For example, per unit area yield of one-season late hybrid rice and middleseason hybrid rice proved the highest, and net income from middle-season rice in Longhui was the highest. It is obvious that to increase per unit yield is key for improving net incomes and to reduce machine fees and worker fees is crucial for decreasing fees.

吃蟹,营养、药用两不误

蟹分河蟹和海蟹两大类,河蟹又称清水蟹、毛蟹,我国以江苏澄湖的清水大闸蟹和浙江兴南湖产的大蟹最为著名,华北地区以霸县盛产的为最肥。海蟹又名梭子蟹、飞蟹、盖子,以渤海湾所产最著名。其中雌的叫门蟹,雄的叫白蟹,四、五、九月要吃白蟹。

京九通车一年看九江

长江,我国第一大河流。九江市,居于长江中下游南岸。九江港,长江四大港口之一。 京九铁路,我国目前最长的大动脉,全长2553公里,贯通南北。九江市,又位于京九的中段。 中国人被称龙的传人,尊龙为祖。把长江视为龙的化身;把铁路称之钢铁长龙。盖因它们能惠泽大地,畅通城乡,促进商贸交流,带来经济繁荣。

Production Performance and Development Strategies of Double-cropping Rice in Hunan Province

ln the research, an empirical analysis was performed on production per-formance and influential factors of rice in Changsha County and Liling City. The re-sults showed that production scale has been closely linked to age and education level of farmers. The larger scale, the higher comprehensive performance, but rele-vant efficiency tends to be lower. Sowing area and yield per unit area are major in-fluential factors of production performance of double-cropping rice, but the rest influ-ential factors are different upon production scale. Final y, developmental strategies are proposed for development of double-cropping rice.

Tourism Development Strategy in Poyang Lake Eco-economic Area from the Perspective of Industrial Cluster

As a regional tourism development strategy, tourism industrial cluster can promote the core competitiveness of tourism industry in advantageous regions and the great-leap-forward development of regions with less-developed tourism industry. The conditions of forming tourism industrial cluster in Poyang Lake Eco-economic Area was analyzed, the development strategies for tourism industry from the perspective of industrial cluster was put forward.

Quantitative Study on the Relationship between Water Disaster and Grain Production of Hubei Province in the 1990s

The research explored variation coefficient of grains and analyzed the fluctuations of grains in Hubei in the 1990s in order to investigate quantitative cor- relation between grain production and water-related disaster. The conclusion is that the effective irrigated area and growing structure are major factors influencing grain production capacity, whose grey relational degrees were 0.91 and 0.85 with grain production, respectively. These indicated that water-related disasters have significant effects on grain yield in Hubei Province.

Effect of Saline Aquaculture Effluent on Salt-Tolerant Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) in a Semi-Arid Coastal Area of China

An experiment with six treatments: CK1 (rainfed), CK2 (irrigated with freshwater), and 4 treatments of saline aquaculture effluent blended with brackish groundwater at different ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4 (v/v) was carried out during 2004 to assess the effect of saline aquaculture effluent on plant growth and soil properties in the Laizhou region, Shandong Province, China and to determine an optimal salinity threshold for aquaculture effluent. Cumulative evapotranspiration for the saline aquaculture effluent irrigation and non-irrigation treatments was lower than that for the freshwater irrigation treatment. Soil electrical conductivity was higher with respect to saline aquaculture effluent irrigation treatment compared to that with respect to non-irrigation or freshwater irrigation treatment. For Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.), in comparison to the freshwater treatment, plant height and aboveground biomass for the 1:3 and 1:4 treatments were constrained, whereas stem width and root biomass were enhanced. Concomitantly, higher tuber yield was obtained for the 1:3 and 1:4 treatments compared to that for CK1 and 1:1 treatments. Nitrogen and phosphorus were higher in tubers of the 1:4 treatment. This study demonstrated that saline aquaculture effluent could be used successfully to irrigate Jerusalem artichoke with higher tuber yield and nutrient removal.

Optimized Strategy for Layout of Crop Production Areas in Hunan Province

The optimized strategy made a comprehensive consideration of resources, technology, market orientation, production scale, industry basis and layout based on the principle of crop security and farmers’ income increasing, and determined the general planning on layout and structure optimization of future crop production ar-eas, with present crop production, market outlook, future industry development, con-cluding crop production characteristics of the 4 crop regions, and proposing function orientation and highlights.

ABUNDANCE AND PRODUCTION OF LIMNODRILUS HOFFMEISTERI (OLIGOCHAETA: TUBIFICIDAE) IN ALGAE-DOMINATED LAKE HOUHU (WUHAN, CHINA)

April, 1996 to March, 1997 studies on the abundance and secondary production of Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri in an algae-dominated lake showed that the worm density and biomass peaked in December at 152 ind/m 2 and 0.087 g/m 2, respectively. The secondary production of the animal was 0.294 g/m 2 fresh wt/a. The turnover rate (P/B ratio) was 11.4.

对凹凸棒石粘土成因及应用问题的探讨

根据古地理环境的分析,对我国东部新近系玄武岩喷发间隙期形成的湖盆中生成不同种类粘土矿产的成因作了论述:在封闭性的湖盆中会产生凹凸棒石;在开放性的湖沼中则能产出硅藻土。介绍了盱眙凹凸棒石粘土的矿物组成,提出了不同矿物组合的凹凸棒石粘土开发成高精产品的方向。

Non-equilibrium State Salt-forming Phase Diagram：Utilization of Bittern Resource in High Efficiency

Salt-forming regions for a complex salt-water system in non-equilibrium state of evaporation process are usually different from those in solubility diagrams.To understand the solid-forming region of NaCl and improve the utilization of bittern resources,experiments were carried out to evaporate 20 representative mixture solution samples of Na ^＋,Mg ^2＋ //Cl^-, SO4^2--H2O system with an average evaporation intensity of（1.4±0.4） g·L^-1 ·min^-1（water） at boiling temperature 348 K,and determine the NaCl solid-forming regions in non-equilibrium state.Because of the complexity of salt-forming region,a maximal region and a minimal region were proposed to express the non-equilibrium state salt-forming region with different crystal seed,and a conditional salt-forming region was proposed to present the characteristic region of non-equilibrium salt-forming phase diagram.The areas of the maximal and minimal regions are 2.00 and 1.56 times those in solubility diagram,so it is possible to utilize bittern resources in high efficiency.The recovery rates of NaCl were 99.65%,93.14%,88.57%,72.76%,and 83.68%for six typical bittern sources from Tulantai Salt Lake（China）,Dongtai Salt Lake（China） ,Jilantai Salt Lake（China）,Qarun Salt Lake（Egypt） and seawater,respectively.It is testified that the non-equilibrium state salt-forming phase diagram can be used in industrial processes.

ENERGY FLOW OF BELLAMYA AERUGINOSA IN A SHALLOW ALGAL LAKE, HOUHU LAKE (WUHAN, CHINA)

The energy budget of Bellamya earuginosa in a shallow algal lake, Houhu Lake (Wuhan, China) was investigated by the measurement of flesh production (32.8kJ/(m 2·a)), egestion (337.7 kJ/(m 2·a)), metabolism (246.7 kJ/(m 2·a)), and estimation of excretion (21.4kJ/(m 2·a)). The net growth efficiency of the species is about 10.9%, which accords with the generally reported value for gastropods. In addition, the relationships between starvation respiration ( R , mgO 2/(Ind·d)), body weight ( Wd , mg in dry wt) and temperature ( T , ℃) were also determined. The regression equation R =0.044 Wd 0.537 e 0.061T was obtained by the least square method, The measured SDA of the species is 26.51% of its gross metabolism.

Stable isotopes in aquatic food web of an artificial lagoon in the Hangzhou Bay,China

Stable isotope values, δ13C and δ15N, were determined for four primary producers and 19 dominant consumers in a small artificial lagoon located in Hangzhou Bay. Based on these results the major pathways for energy flow and trophic structure of the artificial lagoon ecosystem were characterized. The mean δ13C values for the 19 consumers ranged from -22.99‰ to -14.24‰. Apart from so-iny mullet Liza haematocheila, the other 18 consumers had intermediate δ13C values between those of epibenthic microalgae and particulate organic matter (POM). The results of a multiple source linear mixing model (IsoSource model) indicated that 50% or more of the organic carbon in the tissues of most consumers was derived from epibenthic microalgae. This indicated that these primary producers were the main food source fueling the lagoon food web. The mean δ15N values for the 19 consumers varied between 4.93‰ and 12.97‰ and indicated four trophic levels in the lagoon. Four macroinvertebrates and zooplankton represented the primary consumers, whilst the other 14 consumers occupied the secondary and tertiary consumer levels. The 19 consumers were divided into three trophic guilds (detritivores/suspension feeders, omnivores and carnivores).

Suitability Evaluation of Rural Settlements Based on Accessibility of Production and Living： A Case Study of Tingzu Town in Hubei Prov- ince of China

Rural settlements are the main carriers of agriculture, rural areas and farmers; thus, optimizing the production and living space of rural settlements is highly significant to rural development. Taking the effective allocation of resources as the starting point, a suitability evaluation system of rural settlements, based on accessibility of production and living, was proposed in this study to provide scientific basis for the optimization of production and living space. The accessibility of production and living was measured by an im- proved two-step floating catchment area method, which considered proximity and availability based on the inclination of rural residents. The suitability evaluation system consisted of traditional suitability evaluation and newly proposed limiting factor identification based on the loss score proportion of suitability. Tingzu Town of Hubei Province, China, was chosen as the case study area. Based on the re- suits of the suitability evaluation system, corresponding suggestions on rural land consolidation, industry division, as well as the layout of health care and education facilities were proposed to optimize the production and living space of rural settlements in Tingzu Town. It is found that the suitability evaluation based on accessibility of production and living is more scientific and accurate than the traditional ones which significantly overestimate production and living convenience. Moreover, the limiting factor identification can help us put forward suggestions according to local conditions and bring about the highly targeted optimization of production and living space of rural settlements.