博斯腾湖近200年来湖泊环境变化的有机碳氮稳定同位素记录

通过对新疆博斯腾湖河口区与敞水区沉积岩心中有机碳、氮稳定同位素分析,结合烧失量、粒度、磁化率等指标,在210Pb、137 Cs年代测定的基础上,探讨博斯腾湖近200年来有机质来源变化以及湖泊环境变化过程,结果表明,博斯腾湖流域的农业活动对湖泊敞水区的影响比河口区早。1810—1883年间由于流域内气候由湿转干,湖泊水位下降导致较多陆源物质到达湖泊敞水区,δ13 Corg快速下降而δ15 N快速上升。1884年新疆建省后,农业活动导致BST16岩心的颗粒变小,δ13 Corg偏负而δ15 N偏正。1950年后大规模的农业活动导致BST13岩心的δ13 Corg降低、δ15 N升高,BST16岩心的δ13 Corg缓慢上升说明湖泊营养水平开始缓慢上升。1900年后BST16岩心的δ15 N快速下降与δ13 Corg进一步上升表明了初级固氮藻类增加,湖泊初级生产力进一步提高。

青藏高原冰蚀湖沉积物正构烷烃记录的气候和环境变化信息:以希门错为例

利用气相色谱一质谱联用仪从青藏高原东部典型冰蚀湖湖泊沉积物中检测出正构烷烃系列分子化石，将其与湖区表层土壤及牛粪中正构烷烃的分布特征进行对比，认为冰蚀湖湖泊沉积物中C27-C33正构烷烃主要来自流域内土壤生态系统中的高等植物，且食草动物对高等植物的摄食消化过程并未显著改变C27-C33正构烷烃的分布特征．在0—44cm的湖泊沉积物岩芯中，陆生高等植被来源的正构烷烃相对含量从底部到顶部总体上呈现下降趋势，由此推测，湖区高等植被在0～44cm沉积时段内有逐渐退化的趋势．根据210Pb定年并结合已有的AMSH14^C年代，认为该沉积岩芯记录了希门错湖区过去近900a以来的气候和环境变化历史，其正构烷烃指标（ACL27-33，Paq以及Pwax）与区域温度记录具有一定的对应关系，特别是记录了相对寒冷的小冰期气候事件（LIA）．说明冰蚀湖湖泊沉积物中正构烷烃即使分布模式不变，其代用指标依然精细地记录了古气候、古环境变化信息．

Response of rotifer community to environmental changes in five shallow lakes in the middle reach of Changjiang River, China

We evaluated the response of a rotifer community to environmental changes in five shallow lakes in the middle reach of the Changjiang （Yangtze） River in summer and autumn 2010. These five lakes differed in trophic status and rotifer community structure. Twenty-nine rotifer species were collected, of which Keratella cochlearis, Polyarthra dolichoptera, and Trichocerca elongate were dominant. The mean density, Shannon-Wiener diversity, and equitability among the five lakes differed significantly （P〈0.05）. The mean rotifer density was positively correlated with trophic state. The diversity was higher in lakes with high macrophyte coverage. The composition of rotifer species was closely associated with the trophic gradient. Five environmental variables, Secchi depth, conductivity, TN, NHa-N, and TP, significantly affected the composition of rotifer species. Keratella quadrata, Brachionus calyciflorus, and B. forficula were more common in eutrophic conditions. Our results suggest that eutrophication has a significant influence on the rotifer community structure and highlight the potential for using rotifer community structure as an indicator of trophic status in subtropical lakes.

Seasonal dynamics of crustacean zooplankton community structure in Erhai Lake, a plateau lake, with reference to phytoplankton and environmental factors

The seasonal dynamics of a crustacean zooplankton community in Erhai Lake was investigated from May 2010 to April 2011. In total, 11 species were recorded, including six(6 genera) cladoceran and five(5 genera) copepod species. The crustacean zooplankton densities ranged from 24.3 to 155.4 ind./L. In winter and spring, the large-bodied cladoceran Daphnia galeata dominated the crustacean plankton community. In summer and autumn, when the colonial or filamentous algae dominated the phytoplankton communities, the small-bodied species(e.g. B osmina fatalis, Ceriodaphnia quadrangular, and Mesocyclops leuckarti) replaced the large-bodied ones. One-way ANOVA and redundancy analysis revealed that community structure was dependent upon total nitrogen, total phosphorus, water temperature, transparency, and the biomass of small algae. The variation in both phytoplankton structure and environmental variables were important factors in the seasonal succession of crustacean zooplankton structure in Erhai Lake.

Sediment record of environmental change at Lake Lop Nur (Xinjiang, NW China) from 13.0 to 5.6 cal ka BP

Lake Lop Nur is located in the eastern part of the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang,northwestern China.A 220-cm-long sediment core was collected from the center of the ear-shaped depression forming the basin and dated with AMS^(14)C.Grain size,total organic matter(TOC),total nitrogen(TN),and TOC/TN(C/N)analyses were used to reconstruct climatic conditions from 13.0 to 5.6 cal ka BP.The results showed fi ve main climatic stages.Zone I(13.0–11.3 cal ka BP)was a wet–dry environment,whereas Zone II(11.3–8.9 cal ka BP)consisted of a primarily wet environment.Zone III(8.9–7.7 cal ka BP)was subdivided into Zone IIIa(8.9–8.2 cal ka BP)that indicated lake constriction and dry climate,and Zone IIIb(8.2–7.7 cal ka BP)in which the proxies indicated wet conditions.In Zone IV(7.7–6.6 cal ka BP),the climate presented a bit wet conditions.In Zone V(6.6–5.6 cal ka BP),abundant glauberite is present in the sediment and silt dominates the lithology;these results indicate the lake shrank and the overall climate was dry.Abrupt environmental events were also identifi ed,including six dry events at 11.0,10.5,9.3,8.6,8.2,and 7.6 cal ka BP and one fl ood event from 7.8 to 7.7 cal ka BP in the Early–Middle Holocene.

Calibration of the U37K index of long-chain alkenones with the in-situ water temperature in Lake Qinghai in the Tibetan Plateau

Long-chain alkenones (LCAs) can potentially be used as indicators to understand past variations in lacustrine environments.Previous research has suggested that the relationship between the temperature and the unsaturation index of LCAs should be calibrated individually,because of the possible variations in the alkenone-producing algal species in the lacustrine environment.In this work,we have calibrated U37K' of water filter samples against the in-situ water temperature in Lake Qinghai,Tibetan Plateau.There are significant relationships between U37K' and the water temperature,a non-linear relationship was derived.Because the U37K' values did not respond sensitively at lower temperatures,we suggested that a quadratic regression (U37K' =0.0011×T2-0.0201×T+0.1959,n=15,r2=0.74) was appropriate than linear regression to represent the relationship between the in-situ temperatures and U37K'.Meanwhile,the U37K correlation relationship was not more significant than U37K' index in our study.Because of the C37:4 effects by salinity change,we suggest U37K is not as robust as the U37K' index as a temperature proxy,at least for the salt lake in the Tibetan Plateau.The calibration of the U37K' index in this work has provided a new understanding of historic climatic changes in the Tibetan Plateau.