我国酸性湿沉降多发区域是重要输电密集通道或用电高负荷密度地区,如何解决酸性湿沉降引起的金具缺陷问题是输电线路运行与检修的重要课题。为此以途经广西省河池地区500 k V贵广交流同塔双回线路中的金具缺陷为研究对象,在探讨河池地...我国酸性湿沉降多发区域是重要输电密集通道或用电高负荷密度地区,如何解决酸性湿沉降引起的金具缺陷问题是输电线路运行与检修的重要课题。为此以途经广西省河池地区500 k V贵广交流同塔双回线路中的金具缺陷为研究对象,在探讨河池地区区域酸性湿沉降特征的基础上,测试分析了途经该地区输电线路的金具缺陷以及诱因。结果表明:河池地区属于典型SO42-酸性湿沉降区域,有色金属冶炼工业污染物排放是河池地区SO2的主要来源,是输电线路金具缺陷的重要诱因;缺陷金具表面镀锌层已经遭受破坏,形成了疏松的铁氧化物,金具应力载荷基本上小于200 k N;缺陷复合绝缘子的应力破坏区域均在端部密封位置,运行8 a以上的绝缘子破坏应力载荷低于180 k N。从金属防腐、线路管理、线路维护等角度提出了光纤复合绝缘子、红外紫外联用检测等防范措施,部分措施处理效果良好。这些研究成果为酸性湿沉降多发区输电线路运行提供了技术参考。展开更多
Mountains and plateaus in Southwest China contain many subalpine and alpine wetlands, with signifieant hydroecological functions. But ungauged or poorly gauged eonditions limit the study and understanding of hydrologi...Mountains and plateaus in Southwest China contain many subalpine and alpine wetlands, with signifieant hydroecological functions. But ungauged or poorly gauged eonditions limit the study and understanding of hydrological regimes of these wetland types. This study selects an ungauged subalpine wetland - Napahai in Northwest Yunnan, China - as a case for developing a practical approach to revealing its storage-area relationship of open water. A Trimble R8 GNSS （Global Navigation Satellites Systems） RTK （Real-time Kinematic system） and sonar fathometer were used to survey fine- resolution elevation data and generate a digital elevation model of the Napahai Wetland. Forty-four Landsat images from 1987 to 2Oll were collected, and the Normalized Difference Water Index was used to classify open water features in the area. The area of open water in Napahai was ealculated for each phase. With these data and a developed conceptual model, the storage of open water for each phase was estimated using ArcGIS tools. Both storage and area of open water showed significant intra-annual and inter-annual variations. In the rainy season, the monthly change of average storage of open water in Napahai showed about 1-2 months lag behind mean monthly rainfall. The storage-area relationship of open water was well fit by a power function equation （R2=0.91, n=44）. This study indicates that if detailedelevations are available for similarly ungauged subalpine wetlands in Southwest China, researchers can use this practical approach to estimate multi- temporal areas and storages and reveal the storage- area relationship of open water in the wetlands. The study provided valuable information of this ease wetland for optimizing its hydro-ecological managements and a new method to wetland researchers and managers for the hydrological study of similarly ungauged wetland complex.展开更多
文摘我国酸性湿沉降多发区域是重要输电密集通道或用电高负荷密度地区,如何解决酸性湿沉降引起的金具缺陷问题是输电线路运行与检修的重要课题。为此以途经广西省河池地区500 k V贵广交流同塔双回线路中的金具缺陷为研究对象,在探讨河池地区区域酸性湿沉降特征的基础上,测试分析了途经该地区输电线路的金具缺陷以及诱因。结果表明:河池地区属于典型SO42-酸性湿沉降区域,有色金属冶炼工业污染物排放是河池地区SO2的主要来源,是输电线路金具缺陷的重要诱因;缺陷金具表面镀锌层已经遭受破坏,形成了疏松的铁氧化物,金具应力载荷基本上小于200 k N;缺陷复合绝缘子的应力破坏区域均在端部密封位置,运行8 a以上的绝缘子破坏应力载荷低于180 k N。从金属防腐、线路管理、线路维护等角度提出了光纤复合绝缘子、红外紫外联用检测等防范措施,部分措施处理效果良好。这些研究成果为酸性湿沉降多发区输电线路运行提供了技术参考。
基金supported by the National Special Basic Research Fund(Grant No.2008FY110300)National Science and Technology Support Program(Grant No.2011BAC09B07)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40961003)Scientific Research Fund Project of Yunnan Education Department(Grant No.2011J018)
文摘Mountains and plateaus in Southwest China contain many subalpine and alpine wetlands, with signifieant hydroecological functions. But ungauged or poorly gauged eonditions limit the study and understanding of hydrological regimes of these wetland types. This study selects an ungauged subalpine wetland - Napahai in Northwest Yunnan, China - as a case for developing a practical approach to revealing its storage-area relationship of open water. A Trimble R8 GNSS （Global Navigation Satellites Systems） RTK （Real-time Kinematic system） and sonar fathometer were used to survey fine- resolution elevation data and generate a digital elevation model of the Napahai Wetland. Forty-four Landsat images from 1987 to 2Oll were collected, and the Normalized Difference Water Index was used to classify open water features in the area. The area of open water in Napahai was ealculated for each phase. With these data and a developed conceptual model, the storage of open water for each phase was estimated using ArcGIS tools. Both storage and area of open water showed significant intra-annual and inter-annual variations. In the rainy season, the monthly change of average storage of open water in Napahai showed about 1-2 months lag behind mean monthly rainfall. The storage-area relationship of open water was well fit by a power function equation （R2=0.91, n=44）. This study indicates that if detailedelevations are available for similarly ungauged subalpine wetlands in Southwest China, researchers can use this practical approach to estimate multi- temporal areas and storages and reveal the storage- area relationship of open water in the wetlands. The study provided valuable information of this ease wetland for optimizing its hydro-ecological managements and a new method to wetland researchers and managers for the hydrological study of similarly ungauged wetland complex.
