Natural wetland system is of great significance for human beings. The ec- ological and social benefits can be fully exploited provided ecological design be tak- en into consideration in urban wetland park planning. La...Natural wetland system is of great significance for human beings. The ec- ological and social benefits can be fully exploited provided ecological design be tak- en into consideration in urban wetland park planning. Landscape design plays a key role in urban wetland parks. Therefore, it is necessary to rationally distribute land- scape elements and further improve landscape design from quantity and type of the elements on basis of theories in order to provide references for urban wetland park design.展开更多
Public education as well as tourism and leisure are the two important functions of national wetland park, and tourist behaviors act as the guiding factor in the national wetland park construction and management.As the...Public education as well as tourism and leisure are the two important functions of national wetland park, and tourist behaviors act as the guiding factor in the national wetland park construction and management.As the first national wetland park in China, Xixi National Wetland Park, located in Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, will give constructive instructions to the construction and management of other wetland parks and ecotourism resorts.This paper analyzed the tourist behaviors in Xixi National Wetland Park.By the observation, in-depth interview and questionnaire, the results show that tourists in wetland parks are different from those in the other common destinations, and they are also different from those strict eco-tourists.In fact, the tourists in wetland park have unique characteristics, such as the intense perception to the functions of wetland ecosystem and the environment impact behaviors.Those tourists are preferred to natural landscapes in their motivations and expectations.Wetland landscapes are the main image to those tourists in the Xixi National Wetland Park.Tourist expectation, experience and satisfaction are all critical factors for the success of the planning and management in national wetland parks.Based on the results, some measures for the sustainable development of wetland parks, including to optimize wetland theme landscape and tourism products, to improve tourist facilities and services, to enhance quality of visitor experiences, and to implement total quality management based on tourist characteristics, are given to national wetland park ecotourism.展开更多
This paper addresses the question of whether the Hang Kong government made a rational economic decision when it decided to set aside land to develop a Wetland Park, or whether it should have used the land for alternat...This paper addresses the question of whether the Hang Kong government made a rational economic decision when it decided to set aside land to develop a Wetland Park, or whether it should have used the land for alternative commercial developments. Different analytical methods are used to estimate the economic value of the environmental benefits of the Wetland Park： the Value Transfer Method is used to estimate the economic value oJ the ecological services provided by the Park. the Direct Market Price analysis for the economic value of the goods purchased in the Wetland Park, the Hedonic Housing Price Analysis for the value of the Park to those residing in its proximity, the Travel Cost and Contingent Valuation Method for the value of the Park to the visitors, and the Contingent Valuation for the Passive （Nonuse） Values of the Park. These benefits are compared to the opportunity cost of the land and the cost of running the Wetland Park. The article concludes that if a rate of 5% or less is used to discount fiture costs and benefits, we would find that the government＇s decision to set aside land for a Wetland Park was economically sound while using a discount rate of 6% or more shows that it was not.展开更多
The ecosystems of Kaohsiung are rich and diverse. Examples of ecosystems include the tropical rainforest ecology, marine ecology of the coastal forests, and the estuary type ecology of mangrove forests. The Jhong-Dou ...The ecosystems of Kaohsiung are rich and diverse. Examples of ecosystems include the tropical rainforest ecology, marine ecology of the coastal forests, and the estuary type ecology of mangrove forests. The Jhong-Dou Wetland Park is situated in the Jhong-Dou Redevelopment Zone, 2.5km from the Lover River Estuary. This area is defined by brackish aquatic environments--a mixture of fresh and salt water, and fulfills the criteria for mangrove restoration. It is expected that the current restoration project will recreate an epitome of the once-diverse, co-existing mangrove species of Kaohsiung＇s past, and improves upon the functions of environmental education. The initial mangrove species planned for restoration are the existing Kandelia obovata, Rhizophora stylosa, Avicennia marina and the Lumnitzera racemosa populations of the Kaohsiung area. These plants will be placed in experimental habitats that correspond to the unique micro-climates required for the growth of each species, and the mangrove-associated plants will also be restored concurrently in the terrestrial environments behind the mangrove forests. The process of restoration will be monitored by academia, as well as providing reference for subsequent mangrove environment restoration efforts. The main purpose of this research in these four mangrove species of this wetland park is to understand their adaptation to the rehabilitating environment, and be able to feedback these information to the design and maintenance team of the park. The research method is to observe and record their growing status, also execute a survey on the nearby mangrove habitation. The observation has started on December 1 st of 2010, and still has been continued carry on since then. From the research result, it shows that the A vicennia marina （Forsk.） Vierh. and Lumnitzera racemosa Willd. are the two species that had been well adapted to this wetland park. It was recommended to the Kaohsiung City Government that the restoration of the extinct Ceriops tagal and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza can be achieved through foreign species exchanges （the species must be identified before introduction）, and that plans for monitoring the flora and fauna in the park should be drafted to record the ecological alterations of the Jhong-Dou Wetlands. This will pronounce the ecological importance of Kaohsiung on a global, geographical scale. Lastly, the Government should draw up plans of mangrove forest maintenance in order to sustain the ecological and landscape recreational functions of the Jhong-Dou Wetland Park.展开更多
Wetland park is an important mode of wetland protection, meanwhile, construction of comprehensive index system has become the hotspot and keystone of the researches on Wetland Parks. Basing on different development st...Wetland park is an important mode of wetland protection, meanwhile, construction of comprehensive index system has become the hotspot and keystone of the researches on Wetland Parks. Basing on different development stages, this paper firstly divided the Wetland Parks into three categories, including the start-up stage, the development stage and the refinement stage. And then screened and identified the direction and keypoints of comprehensive evaluation for wetland parks in different development stages using expert scoring, questionnaire and analytic hierarchy process(AHP).展开更多
Wetland parks play various ecological roles,including maintaining regional ecological balance,and connoting and compensating water sources.Taking Harbin Qunli National Urban Wetland Park as the research object,the div...Wetland parks play various ecological roles,including maintaining regional ecological balance,and connoting and compensating water sources.Taking Harbin Qunli National Urban Wetland Park as the research object,the diversity of plant resources in wetland parks is investigated and analyzed with the goal of providing a scientific basis for ecological restoration and the conservation and utilization of urban wetlands.Field survey,sampling and data collection methods were used to study the wetland plant resources and their life types(e.g.,vines or shrubs),ecological types and distribution types.The study found 60 families,129 genera and 160 species of wetland plants in Qunli National Urban Wetland Park,including 56 families,123 genera and 151 species of angiosperms,which include 48 families,101 genera and 127 species of dicotyledons and 8 families,22 genera and 24 species of monocotyledons;2 families,2 genera and 3 species of ferns;and 2 families,4 genera and 6 species of gymnosperms.The family composition is dominated by those families that included 10 or more species,and the dominant families are Compositae and Rosaceae.The genus composition is dominated by genera with four or more species present,and the dominant genera are Acer,Malus and Artemisia.Among the six life types,herbaceous plants are dominant,with a proportion of 62.50% of the species.The ecological types are divided into three categories:wet,mesophytic and aquatic plants,with wet plants accounting for the largest proportion,i.e.,56.25% of the total number of plant species.There are five distribution types of plant families and 10 types of the genera,with both families and genera dominated by the Northern Temperate types,so the flora has obvious temperate characteristics.展开更多
基金Supported by Jiangxi Art and Social Science Planning ProgramJiangxi Social Science Research Program during the 12~(th) Five-year Plan
文摘Natural wetland system is of great significance for human beings. The ec- ological and social benefits can be fully exploited provided ecological design be tak- en into consideration in urban wetland park planning. Landscape design plays a key role in urban wetland parks. Therefore, it is necessary to rationally distribute land- scape elements and further improve landscape design from quantity and type of the elements on basis of theories in order to provide references for urban wetland park design.
基金Under the auspices of Forest Science and Technique Support during the 11th Five-Year Plan Period of China (No.2006BAD03A19)National Wetland Park Model Project of State Forestry Administration,P. R. ChinaHangzhou City Government (No.xixi2006-1-12)
文摘Public education as well as tourism and leisure are the two important functions of national wetland park, and tourist behaviors act as the guiding factor in the national wetland park construction and management.As the first national wetland park in China, Xixi National Wetland Park, located in Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, will give constructive instructions to the construction and management of other wetland parks and ecotourism resorts.This paper analyzed the tourist behaviors in Xixi National Wetland Park.By the observation, in-depth interview and questionnaire, the results show that tourists in wetland parks are different from those in the other common destinations, and they are also different from those strict eco-tourists.In fact, the tourists in wetland park have unique characteristics, such as the intense perception to the functions of wetland ecosystem and the environment impact behaviors.Those tourists are preferred to natural landscapes in their motivations and expectations.Wetland landscapes are the main image to those tourists in the Xixi National Wetland Park.Tourist expectation, experience and satisfaction are all critical factors for the success of the planning and management in national wetland parks.Based on the results, some measures for the sustainable development of wetland parks, including to optimize wetland theme landscape and tourism products, to improve tourist facilities and services, to enhance quality of visitor experiences, and to implement total quality management based on tourist characteristics, are given to national wetland park ecotourism.
文摘This paper addresses the question of whether the Hang Kong government made a rational economic decision when it decided to set aside land to develop a Wetland Park, or whether it should have used the land for alternative commercial developments. Different analytical methods are used to estimate the economic value of the environmental benefits of the Wetland Park： the Value Transfer Method is used to estimate the economic value oJ the ecological services provided by the Park. the Direct Market Price analysis for the economic value of the goods purchased in the Wetland Park, the Hedonic Housing Price Analysis for the value of the Park to those residing in its proximity, the Travel Cost and Contingent Valuation Method for the value of the Park to the visitors, and the Contingent Valuation for the Passive （Nonuse） Values of the Park. These benefits are compared to the opportunity cost of the land and the cost of running the Wetland Park. The article concludes that if a rate of 5% or less is used to discount fiture costs and benefits, we would find that the government＇s decision to set aside land for a Wetland Park was economically sound while using a discount rate of 6% or more shows that it was not.
文摘The ecosystems of Kaohsiung are rich and diverse. Examples of ecosystems include the tropical rainforest ecology, marine ecology of the coastal forests, and the estuary type ecology of mangrove forests. The Jhong-Dou Wetland Park is situated in the Jhong-Dou Redevelopment Zone, 2.5km from the Lover River Estuary. This area is defined by brackish aquatic environments--a mixture of fresh and salt water, and fulfills the criteria for mangrove restoration. It is expected that the current restoration project will recreate an epitome of the once-diverse, co-existing mangrove species of Kaohsiung＇s past, and improves upon the functions of environmental education. The initial mangrove species planned for restoration are the existing Kandelia obovata, Rhizophora stylosa, Avicennia marina and the Lumnitzera racemosa populations of the Kaohsiung area. These plants will be placed in experimental habitats that correspond to the unique micro-climates required for the growth of each species, and the mangrove-associated plants will also be restored concurrently in the terrestrial environments behind the mangrove forests. The process of restoration will be monitored by academia, as well as providing reference for subsequent mangrove environment restoration efforts. The main purpose of this research in these four mangrove species of this wetland park is to understand their adaptation to the rehabilitating environment, and be able to feedback these information to the design and maintenance team of the park. The research method is to observe and record their growing status, also execute a survey on the nearby mangrove habitation. The observation has started on December 1 st of 2010, and still has been continued carry on since then. From the research result, it shows that the A vicennia marina （Forsk.） Vierh. and Lumnitzera racemosa Willd. are the two species that had been well adapted to this wetland park. It was recommended to the Kaohsiung City Government that the restoration of the extinct Ceriops tagal and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza can be achieved through foreign species exchanges （the species must be identified before introduction）, and that plans for monitoring the flora and fauna in the park should be drafted to record the ecological alterations of the Jhong-Dou Wetlands. This will pronounce the ecological importance of Kaohsiung on a global, geographical scale. Lastly, the Government should draw up plans of mangrove forest maintenance in order to sustain the ecological and landscape recreational functions of the Jhong-Dou Wetland Park.
基金National Natural Science Foundation(Project Number:41101080)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Project Number:ZR2014DQ028/ZR2015DM004)
文摘Wetland park is an important mode of wetland protection, meanwhile, construction of comprehensive index system has become the hotspot and keystone of the researches on Wetland Parks. Basing on different development stages, this paper firstly divided the Wetland Parks into three categories, including the start-up stage, the development stage and the refinement stage. And then screened and identified the direction and keypoints of comprehensive evaluation for wetland parks in different development stages using expert scoring, questionnaire and analytic hierarchy process(AHP).
基金The Key Scientific Research Projects of Jiamusi City(200119)。
文摘Wetland parks play various ecological roles,including maintaining regional ecological balance,and connoting and compensating water sources.Taking Harbin Qunli National Urban Wetland Park as the research object,the diversity of plant resources in wetland parks is investigated and analyzed with the goal of providing a scientific basis for ecological restoration and the conservation and utilization of urban wetlands.Field survey,sampling and data collection methods were used to study the wetland plant resources and their life types(e.g.,vines or shrubs),ecological types and distribution types.The study found 60 families,129 genera and 160 species of wetland plants in Qunli National Urban Wetland Park,including 56 families,123 genera and 151 species of angiosperms,which include 48 families,101 genera and 127 species of dicotyledons and 8 families,22 genera and 24 species of monocotyledons;2 families,2 genera and 3 species of ferns;and 2 families,4 genera and 6 species of gymnosperms.The family composition is dominated by those families that included 10 or more species,and the dominant families are Compositae and Rosaceae.The genus composition is dominated by genera with four or more species present,and the dominant genera are Acer,Malus and Artemisia.Among the six life types,herbaceous plants are dominant,with a proportion of 62.50% of the species.The ecological types are divided into three categories:wet,mesophytic and aquatic plants,with wet plants accounting for the largest proportion,i.e.,56.25% of the total number of plant species.There are five distribution types of plant families and 10 types of the genera,with both families and genera dominated by the Northern Temperate types,so the flora has obvious temperate characteristics.
