沿海农业区麦田杂草群落演替及治理策略探讨

建国以来 ,江苏沿海农业区麦田杂草发生种类和优势种群发生了变化 ,实现了从盐生性杂草群落向旱生耐碱性杂草群落、湿生性杂草群落的过渡 ,多年相对稳定的耕作制度 ,出现了以波斯婆婆纳、猪殃殃为优势种的棉套麦田顶级杂草群落 ,以硬草、日本看麦娘为优势种的稻茬麦田顶级杂草群落 ,和以硬草、日本看麦娘、猪殃殃为主体的稻麦旱 (棉、玉米 )麦轮茬麦田的混生顶级杂草群落。麦田杂草治理应本着”科学合理、高效长效和可持续性”为原则 ,以”截流竭库”为手段 ,从而达到“经济环保”的生产目标。

Survey on Bio-resources of Zhengzhou Yellow River Wetland and Protective Measures

Upon the basis of comprehensive survey on the bio-resources of Zhengzhou Yellow River Wetland Nature Reserve,we analyzed the relationship between wetland ecology and bio-resource protection,the problems encountering wetland development and protection,and further put forward corresponding protective measures.

Investigation and Research on Biodiversity of Chen Lake Wetland

Plant diversity, animal diversity and ecosystem diversity in the wetland were studied with field investigation and statistical analysis, and then biodiversity of Chen Lake wetland was also valued. The results showed that the reasonable utilization and protection for biodiversity of Chen Lake wetland gave important contribution to improving the regional environment and sustainable development of Wuhan, and even the middle-lower Yangtze area.

Study on the Mycorrhizal Formation in the Offspring Tissue Culture Seedling Bottle of Pinus elliottii with Lecanosticta acicola Resistance

[Objective] The research aimed to study the mycorrhizal formation in the offspring tissue culture seedling bottle of Pinus elliottii with Lecanosticta acicola resistance.[Method] The mycorrhizal formation of Pinus elliottii regenerated plant in vitro was studied,and the growth condition of regenerated plant was observed.[Result] The culture substrate and the inoculation amount of mycorrhizal fungi had the big influence on the mycorrhizal formation in vitro.After the root primordia were induced by Pinus elliottii caespitose shoots,it was best to transplant in the perlite substrate and inoculate Pisolithus tinctorius,which was favorable for the mycorrhizal formation.When the two blocks of Pisolithus tinctorius were inoculated in the perlite medium,the mycorrhizal formation rate reached 84.4%.The dichotomous branching short root was the most,and 12.49 roots were formed in every main root.The mycorrhizal formation improved the survival rate of regenerated plant domestication transplantation.The mycorrhizal regenerated plant grew well in the phytotron,and the root system was developed.[Conclusion] The research provided the basis for improving the survival rate of Pinus elliottii tissue culture regenerated plant with Lecanosticta acicola resistance.

Advances in Research on the Structure and Diversity Variation of Insect Communities in Wetland

The species diversity, structure and dynamic rules of insect communities in wetland can provide data of the insects for the protection, utilization and monitor- ing of wetland, which is an essential link to maintain the healthy ecological system of the wetland and protect the biodiversity in the wetland. A systematic study on the composition and succession of insect communities in the wetland, as well as the indication of insect groups can provide a theoretical basis for wetland protection and management, and thus promote the development of regional economy and en- vironmental protection.

Femtosecond laser micro/nano fabrication for bioinspired superhydrophobic or underwater superoleophobic surfaces

The preparation of superhydrophobic or underwater superoleophobic interface materials has become a research hotspot because of their wide application in self-cleaning, drag reduction, oil-water separation, anti-oil pollution and so on. The unique wettability of organisms gives inspiration to design and create new interface materials. This review focuses on the recent research progress of femtosecond laser micro/nano fabrication for bioinspired superhydrophobic or underwater superoleophobic surfaces. This review starts with a presentation of the related background including the advantages of femtosecond laser and wettability theoretical basis. Then, organisms with unique wettability in nature, the preparation of superhydrophobic or underwater superoleophobic surfaces by femtosecond lasers on different materials, and their related important applications are introduced. Finally, the current challenges and future prospects with regard to this field are provided.

An Evaluation of the Acetowhitening Test for Genital Condyloma Acuminata

Objective: To study the sensitivity and the specific-ity of the condyloma acuminata acetowhitening test.Methods: We placed gauzes soaked with 5% aceticacid onto the lesions for 3 to 5 minutes, then removedthe gauzes and observed the result of acetowhitening. Results: 165 of 211(78.2%) patients tested positive.159 patients had condyloma acuminata and 134 of themhad a positive acetowhitening test (84.3%). Of the 26patients with candida balanitis, 25 cases were positivewith a positive rate of 96.2%.Conclusions: The high sensitivity and specificity ofthe condyloma acuminata acetowhitening test justifythe use of this test in the clinical setting. However, thecondyloma acuminata acetowhitening test has someshortcomings and these must be considered duringdiagnosis.

Soil Microbial Population Dynamics along a Chronosequence of Moist Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest Succession in Southwestern China

Little is known about whether soil microbial population dynamics are correlated with forest succession.To test the hypotheses that(1) soil microbial composition changes over successional stages,and(2) soil microbial diversity is positively correlated with plant species diversity,we determined the soil microbial populations,community composition,and microflora diversity in evergreen broad-leaved forests along a chronosequence of vegetation succession from 5 to 300 years in southwestern China.The soil microbial community was mainly composed of bacteria(87.1-98.7% of the total microorganisms and 10 genera identified),fungi(0.3-4.0%,7 genera),and actinomycetes(2.1-9.1%,8 species and 1 genus).There were significant differences in soil microbial populations among different successional stages and within the four seasons.The seasonal variations of the soil microbial community may be associated with the seasonal changes in environmental conditions.The changes in soil microbial diversity(Shannon-Wiener index) with successional time followed one-humped,convex curves peaked at-100 years since restoration,which is identical with the trends of the aboveground plant diversity.Higher plant diversity resulting in enhanced nutrient flow and root exudation may contribute to positive relationships between the soil microbial diversity and plant diversity.Hence,decreases in soil microbial diversity in the late-successional stages appear to be related to the net loss in species richness that occurs after 100 years since restoration.Our findings confirm the intermediate disturbance hypothesis that suggests diversity peaks at midsuccessional stages.

The current status, threats and protection way of Sanjiang Plain wetland, Northeast China

The Sanjiang Plain is a vast area of alluvial floodplains and low hills in northeast Heilongjiang Province. It is the largest tract of wetlands in China and East Asia outside of Siberia. 28 wetland nature reserves exist on the Sanjiang Plain, and three of them have been listed as wetlands of international importance to water bird conservation by the Ramsar Convention Bureau. The wetlands of Sanjiang Plain are noteworthy for its rich biodiversity, but they continue to decline in area and deteriorate in quality currently. The main threats or constrains, immediate cause, root cause and required response are analyzed in this paper, and the four aspects opinion such as improvement of watershed management, enhancement of protection and restoration of habitats and biodiversity, alternative livelihoods of rural residents living in and near natural wetland reserve, and reinforcement of capacity building of natural reserves are brought forward as the effective measures for the Sanjiang Plain wetland protection.

Effects of silver nanoparticles on resistance characteristics of the wetland plant Typha orientalis in a hydroponic system

To probe the influence and the adverse-resistance characteristics of wetland plants in presence of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), the changes in the physiological and biochemical characteristics (including the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, peroxidase (POD) activity, soluble protein content, and chlorophyll content) of Typha orientalis exposed to different concentrations of AgNPs solutions (0, 0.1, 1, 20 and 40 mg/L) were explored. Meantime, the accumulation of silver content in these plants was revealed. The results show that under low concentrations of AgNPs, the SOD and POD activities in the leaves of Typha orientalis are strengthened to different degrees. However, high concentrations of AgNPs inhibit the activities of SOD and POD. Under the stress of different concentrations of AgNPs, the CAT activities are inhibited initially and later recovered to some extent. Under the stress of low concentrations of AgNPs, the soluble protein content in the leaves of Typha orientalis increases significantly, but decreases more significantly with increasing concentrations of AgNPs. Low concentrations of AgNPs promote chlorophyll synthesis in the leaves of Typha orientalis , but the chlorophyll content subsequently falls to pre-stress levels. In contrast, high concentrations of AgNPs cause a certain inhibition to generate chlorophyll. Meanwhile, the results show that the silver concentrations of plant tissues increase with the exposure of concentrations of AgNPs and they have a positive relationship with the exposure of concentrations of AgNPs.

Alkylpolyglycoside inducing poly (butylene terephthalate) non-woven graft copolymerization of chitosan

In order to improve the wettability and biocompatibility of the poly （butylene terephthalate） non-woven （PBTNW）, the method of surface modification is used to graft copolymerization of chitosan （CS） onto the PBTNW under alkylpolyglycoside （APG） inducing. The product is thoroughly characterized with the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FrIR）, the electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis （ESCA）, the thermogravimetric （TG） and the scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. It is found that chitosan is successfully grafted onto PBTNW. In addition, the water contact angles, hemolysis tests and cytotoxicity evaluation tests show an improvement in wettability and biocompatihility as a result of graft copolymerization of chitosan. So the CS-grafted PBTNW exhibits greater superiority than the original PBTNW. The CS-grafted PBTNW can be a candidate for blood filter materials and other medical applications.

Studies on Thermodynamic Properties of Some Imidazolinone Derivatives in DMF at 308.15 K

Density,ultrasonic velocity and viscosity of imidazolinone derivatives are studied in dimethyl formamide(DMF) at 308.15 K.From the experimental data,various acoustical parameters,such as specific impedance Z,isentropic compressibilityκs,Rao's molar sound function Rm,van der Waals constant b,relaxation strength r,intermolecular free length Lf,internal pressureπ,solvation number Sn,relative association RA,etc.are evaluated,which helps in understanding the molecular interactions occurring in these solutions.

Spacial Distribution Characteristics, Activity and Degradation Capability of the Biofilm in Integrated Vertical-flow Constructed Wetland

The spacial distribution characteristics, activity and degradation capability of the biofilm in integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland were investigated. Results showed that the biofilm widely distributed in the substrate of integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland and mainly in the 0-10 cm top layer where the activity ofdehydrogenase of the biofilm was also higher than that of other layers. The water quality could also affect the activity of the biofilm, for the TF（1,3,5-Triphenylformazan） amount reduced by the biofim incubated in water of the higher eutrophication was larger, too. The PCP （pentachlorophenol） removal rate by the substrate with biofilm was 1.5 times that without biofilm. In total, the biofilm of the down-flow chamber appeared larger biomass, higher dehydrogenase activity and stronger degradation capability of organic contamination than that in up-flow chamber and it was the major place for removal of the organic matters in waste water.

Questioning Ecosystem Assessment and Restoration Practices in a Major Urban Estuary： Perpetuating Myths of Degradation in Spite of the Facts

The Jamaica Bay ecosystem is a dichotomy. It encompasses more than 12,000 acres of coastal estuarine marshes and an ecological diversity rivaling any coastal environment in the world. It is considerably altered, and is affected by a variety of ecological insults directly related to the fact that more than 14 million people live in its vicinity. Environmental protection institutions responded to the challenge of protecting the bay, surrounding wetlands and recreational benefits by addressing the increasing load of contaminants into the ecosystem. Billions of dollars have been spent during the past five decades on restoration attempts, including upgrading wastewater treatment plantsand the closure of three major sanitary landfills. Even with the curtailment of untreated wastewater release and ending periodic dredging and filling programs, all activities that are necessary processes in maintaining an urban harbor, the Jamaica Bay ecosystem has reached a point where many believe it to be unrecoverable, requiring massive infusions of restoration dollars. This categorization has been perpetuated based on questionable data （the ＂myths＂） that, when investigated in rigorous scientific detail, prove to be unsubstantiated. In this paper, the origin of these myths and the scientific investigation that dispel them are discussed.

Research on the Inert Dust against Phosphine Resistance of Cryptolestes Ferrugineus

Laboratory tests were carried out in order to evaluate the efficacy of five inert dust （Puliangtai, G-1, G-2, G-3 and G-4） against the high level phosphine resistance Cryptolestesferrugineus （Stephens）. The relative phosphine resistance of two strains of Cryptolestesferrugineus （Stephens） was measured by the method of knockdown at 2 mg/L of phosphine. The insects were exposed to the five inert dust on filter paper inside petri dishes for 1 day at 30 ±1℃and 65 ±1% relative humidity. Then, the adults were held for 4 days with food at the same conditions without inert dust in surface bioassay. Also, they were placed in 25 ±1℃ and 65 ±1% relative humidity in grain bioassay. In surface bioassay, two strains （JXCF and YYCF） ofCryptolestesferrugineus （Stephens） were susceptible to the five inert dust at 0.08 g/m2 and 0.1 g/m2. G-3 appeared the most effective treatment against both strains, since its efficacy was 3-6 times higher than the other four inert dust tested. YYCF strain was more susceptible than JXCF, with 1-4 times higher mortality level. This research indicated that inert dusts were effective on phosphine-resistance Cryptolestesferrugineus （Stephens） populations.

Plant Diversity as a Good Indicator of Vegetation Stability in a Typical Plateau Wetland

Biotic indicators have been widely used to monitor wetland health. However, few studies have explicitly evaluated if plant diversity could serve as a useful community-level indicator of wetland stability,especially when wetlands are confronted with anthropogenic perturbations. Based on three-year record of wetland plant species abundance in Napahai plateau wetland, Shangri-la under the influence of varying anthropogenic perturbation types, our study tests the impact of such perturbations on plant richness and the relationship between ecosystem temporal stability and plant richness, and further assesses the effectiveness of using plant diversity indicator to probe ecosystem temporal stability of Napahai plateau wetland and the potential mechanisms. The results showed that anthropogenic perturbations could have contributed significantly to realistic variation in plant diversity, and further demonstrated that ecosystem temporal stability was positively related to realistic variation in plant diversity. In particular, communities with high levels of diversity might have better capacity to dampen perturbation impacts than communities with low levels of diversity, and statistical averaging could have played an important role in causing greater stability in more diverse communities. Also, asynchrony might have a stabilizing effect on community stability, and diversity could have stabilized communities through both species asynchrony and population stability propagation. Therefore, our results suggest that plant diversity could be used as a useful indicator of the stability conditions of plateau wetland ecosystems confronted with anthropogenic perturbations, and the preservation of plant communities at sufficient abundance and diversity is necessary for maintaining healthy plateau wetlands and for sustaining their essential ecosystem functions and services.

Sedimentation effects of the Dongting Lake Area

According to a long series of measured sediment data, the sedimentation effects of the Dongting Lake Area （DIP,） were studied in light of the relationship between sedimentation characteristics and resources and environment. The result shows that the long-term deposition and the impact of human activities have led to a cycle of the evolution of sedimentation pattern, resulting in sediment disaster effects and resources effects in the DLA. The main features are as follows： 1） The water beach, silt beach, lake marsh beach, reed beach and other types of beach shaped by sedimentation effects constitute the main body of the giant lake system. 2） The disaster chains are induced, i.e., sedimentation → marshland expansion and reclamation → flood function decline, fish resource depletion, biodiversity reduction dis- aster chain, sedimentation → marshland expansion → floods, water pollution disaster chain, sedimentation → marshland floating vegetation rising → schistosomiasis, rodents virulence disaster chain, sedimentation → flood embankment bursting → land desertification disaster chain. 3） Sedimentation has created about 98.13×10^4 hm^2 of land in the past 55 years. Rational development and utilization of marshland resources have produced tremendous economic benefits.

Changes of Circulating Platelet-Derived Growth Factor and Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in Patients with Condyloma Acuminatum

Objective: To study the expression levels of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and granulocyte colony-stimulatingfactor (G-CSF) in peripheral blood and their role in thepathogenesis of Condyloma acuminatum (CA). Methods: Sera were taken from 70 patients with Condylomaacuminatum and compared with 35 healthy controls. PDGFand G-CSF in serum were quantitated using a dual antibodysandwich enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Serum concentrations of PDGF and G-CSF weresignificantly increased in patients with Condylomaacuminatum (CA) compared to controls (P<0.001 and P<0.005respectively). Serum levels of PDGF and G-CSF correlatedwith clinical severity of CA, but no significant difference wasobserved between different duration of disease groups. Asignificant positive correlation was noticed between neutrophilcount and G-CSF levels (γ=0.38, P<0.001), and the neutrophilcount showed no significant correlation with PDGE Conclusion: The results indicated that increased expressionof PDGF an -CSF in peripheral blood might be involved in pathogenesis of CA.

Production of Gel with Menthol, Benzocaine and Procaine HCl for Topical Application in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

Antirheurnatic and analgesics drugs are the most commonly prescribed medications for treatment of acute and chronic pain. Frequent application of these agents often causes adverse effects. So, in order to avoid the incidence of side effects, topical analgesics are treatment of choice for localized muscle pain. Topical analgesics offer the potential to provide the same analgesic relief provided by oral analgesics but with minimal adverse systemic effects. The aim of this study is to present the preparation and characterization of topical analgesic gel named ＂Russian water＂. Gel is composed of Menthol, Benzocaine, Procaine HCl as topical analgesic agents indicated for temporary relief of pain. Obtained results showed prolonged analgesic effect compared with liquid ethanol solution composed of the same components.

Microhabitat Effect on Iron Distribution and Transfer in Carex pseudocuraica in Sanjiang Plain Wetlands

Ten clonal units of Carex pseudocuraica growing in four different microhabitats (perennial flooded ditch water,perennial flooded ditch sediment,seasonal flooded ditch sediment and perennial flooded soil) of the Sanjiang Plain,Northeast China,were collected randomly for phenotypic plasticity analysis.Iron content,chemical and physical properties of substrates and the total Fe of nine plant modules were measured as well.The results show that the performance of the C.pseudocuraica is affected by the microhabitat,with the greatest performance score in perennial flooded ditch water,and the lowest in perennial flooded soil.The biomass allocation indexes indicate that much more mass is allocated to stems and roots to expand colonization area.The distribution of the total Fe in plant modules appears as pyramids from the tip to the root,while marked differences are observed in the distribution proportion of stems,tillering nodes and roots that are allometrically growing.Iron transfer from substrates to the plant is mainly controlled by the substrate type.The differences of iron distribution and transfer in the plant in different microhabitats are attributed to the iron contents of the substrates as well as the phenotypic plasticity of the plant.