冷冻环境对湿面筋蛋白中可冻结水的影响

用差示扫描量热仪测定了不同冷冻环境下湿面筋蛋白中可冻结水的含量,探讨了超声辅助食品冷冻过程中冰结晶的热力学机制;用扫描电镜间接观察和分析了冷冻湿面筋蛋白中冰晶的形状和粒度分布.结果表明:360W、440W超声辅助冷冻和液氮浸渍冷冻的湿面筋蛋白中可冻结水占总水含量的比例分别为67.3%、70.8%和77.0%,均比传统冷冻过程的(56.9%)高;不同环境下冷冻的样品其热力学特征各不不同;适宜功率的超声能加速湿面筋蛋白的冷冻过程,削弱面筋蛋白和水分子之间的相互作用力;超声辅助和液氮浸渍冷冻的湿面筋蛋白中冰晶细小,直径在4μm以内且分布均匀,可减少对面筋蛋白网络结构的破坏;与高能耗的液氮浸渍冷冻法相比,超声辅助冷冻是一种更实用的改善食品品质的技术.

冰结构蛋白对湿面筋蛋白冻藏稳定性的影响

研究冬小麦冰结构蛋白(ISP)对湿面筋蛋白冻藏稳定性的影响。采用差示扫描量热仪、动态流变仪、扫描电子显微镜分别研究空白湿面筋蛋白(未添加ISP)和添加ISP的湿面筋蛋白冻藏不同时间后可冻结水含量、流变学特性及超微结构的变化。结果表明:1)随着冻藏时间延长,湿面筋蛋白可冻结水含量逐渐增大;冻藏时间相同时,添加ISP湿面筋蛋白的融化焓小于空白湿面筋蛋白。2)湿面筋蛋白的弹性模量、黏性模量和蠕变均随冻藏时间的延长而降低;冻藏时间相同时,含ISP湿面筋蛋白的蠕变明显小于空白湿面筋蛋白的相应参数。3)湿面筋蛋白网络经过冻藏后,不规则的孔洞更大,引入ISP后,冰晶形成的不规则孔洞相对于空白湿面筋蛋白更加细小和均匀。说明ISP能够通过减少湿面筋蛋白体系中的可冻结水含量,抑制冰晶形成和重结晶,从而减小冻藏过程中湿面筋蛋白网络遭受的破坏。

超声辅助冷冻对湿面筋蛋白中冰晶粒度分布及总水含量的影响

超声辅助食品冷冻过程是一种新的技术。本文通过对湿面筋蛋白中冰晶粒度分布及总水含量的检测,探讨超声改善冷冻食品品质的微观作用机制,为超声冷冻新技术在食品化工中的应用奠定化学工程学基础。测定了有无超声环境下冷冻的湿面筋蛋白经过不同冷冻贮藏时间后总水含量,结果显示:随着冷冻贮藏时间的延长,超声环境下冷冻的湿面筋蛋白中总水含量比传统环境下高。用扫描电镜和压汞仪间接观察和分析了冷冻的湿面筋蛋白中冰晶的形状和粒度分布。研究表明,适宜的功率超声辅助下,冷冻过程能在湿面筋蛋白内部形成细小且分布均匀的冰晶体,减少面筋蛋白网络结构的破坏,从而改善冷冻食品的品质。

冻藏时间对小麦湿面筋蛋白结构和热性能的影响

采用荧光分光光度计、Zeta电位及激光粒度分析仪、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和差式扫描量热仪（DSC）分别研究了小麦湿面筋蛋白在-18℃下冻藏0~120 d的结构和热性能.结果表明：随着冻藏时间的延长,小麦面筋蛋白的表面疏水性和粒径增加;小麦面筋蛋白中巯基含量增加且二硫键含量减少;小麦面筋蛋白的网络结构遭到破坏,其纤维表面结构变得粗糙且不均匀;小麦面筋蛋白的变性转变温度（Td）和变性焓（ΔH）呈现先降后升趋势.

超声对小麦湿面筋蛋白粘弹性模量和蠕变恢复性能的影响

利用流变仪研究了超声处理对小麦湿面筋蛋白流变学性质的影响.结果表明：频率为0.1-21.25 Hz的范围内进行频率扫描时,当频率为1 Hz时,采用不同功率（100 W、150 W、200 W、250 W和300 W）超声20 m in后,小麦湿面筋蛋白的弹性模量分别为3 361 Pa、3 976Pa、5 788 Pa、6 954 Pa和3 912 Pa;粘性模量分别为1 212 Pa、1 523 Pa、2 755 Pa、3 036 Pa和1 461 Pa.蠕变-恢复实验过程中,当蠕变进行到110 s时,经过不同功率（100 W、150 W、200W、250 W和300 W）超声后,小麦湿面筋蛋白的形变分别为0.333%、0.331%、0.233%、0.188%和0.296%.这表明,超声功率的大小对小麦湿面筋蛋白的弹性模量、粘性模量和蠕变-恢复时的形变有较大影响.与未经超声的湿面筋蛋白相比,超声功率大于150 W和小于300W时,超声对小麦湿面筋蛋白的弹性模量和粘性模量有正的影响,而当超声功率小于150 W和大于300 W时,超声对小麦湿面筋蛋白的弹性模量和粘性模量有负的影响.

湿态发酵蛋白饲料肉牛育肥试验

湿态发酵蛋白饲料是玉米经酵母发酵、提取酒精后,又经益生菌发酵、密封包装的产物,其可溶性好、易消化、易吸收、蛋白质含量高。通过对肉牛进行饲喂试验可知,肉牛食用8kg该饲料,平均每头牛日增重1.81kg,比对照组高0.26kg;平均屠宰率为57.1%,比对照组高3.8%;平均售价为21.35元/kg,比对照组高1.52元/kg;平均每日比对照组多收益6.1元。试验结果表明,肉牛饲喂湿态发酵蛋白饲料增重效果好、屠宰率高,经济效益显著提高。

湿态酒糟发酵蛋白饲料饲喂蛋鸡效果研究

湿态酒糟发酵蛋白饲料是玉米经酵母发酵、提取酒精后的湿渣,又经益生菌发酵、密封包装的产物。试验通过在蛋鸡粉料中添加湿态酒糟发酵蛋白饲料,观察其对控制鸡舍氨气浓度及蛋鸡产蛋量的作用效果。结果表明,饲料中添加15%湿态酒糟发酵蛋白饲料,机械上料不受影响,未发现发霉变质现象;蛋鸡采食量增加;试验组比对照组产蛋量增加6.6kg,产蛋量提高5.2%,增加收益51.7元,经济效益提高约10%。鸡舍氨气浓度大幅下降,比对照组低22.8mg/L(降低了32.0%)。

湿态发酵蛋白饲料对肉牛增质量效果的研究

湿态发酵蛋白饲料是玉米经酵母发酵和提取酒精后,又经益生菌发酵并密封包装的产物,其可溶性好,易消化,易吸收,蛋白含量高。通过对肉牛进行饲喂试验,发现肉牛饲喂8 kg该饲料,平均每头日增质量1.84 kg,比对照组高0.33 kg。平均屠宰率为58.1%,比对照组高3.8个百分点。平均售价为21.77元/kg,比对照组高1.59元/kg。平均每日比对照组多收益7.79元。由此可见,肉牛饲喂湿态发酵蛋白饲料增质量效果好、屠宰率高且经济效益显著提高。

饲喂湿态发酵蛋白饲料对肉牛育肥屠宰率影响的调查报告

湿态发酵蛋白饲料是玉米经酵母发酵、提取酒精后,又经益生菌发酵、密封包装的产品。因其可溶性好、易消化吸收、所含的蛋白质量多质优,因此,用于肉牛育肥时,肉牛生长速度较快。通过对饲喂湿态发酵蛋白饲料育肥牛(15头,来自2个饲养场)的屠宰率与饲喂常规饲料育肥牛的屠宰率(425头,来自24个饲养场)进行统计对比可知,肉牛的屠宰率与屠宰时的体重成高度正相关(R2=0.9528),并且全程饲喂湿态发酵蛋白饲料育肥牛的屠宰率比饲喂常规饲料育肥牛的屠宰率平均高3.65个百分点,这样1头牛将多收入640元。因此,饲喂湿态发酵蛋白饲料会使肉牛育肥经济效益显著提高。

湿态发酵蛋白饲料饲喂奶牛试验报告

湿态发酵蛋白饲料是玉米经酵母发酵、提取酒精后,又经益生菌发酵、密封包装的饲料产物,其可溶性好,易消化,易吸收,蛋白含量高。本文通过对奶牛进行饲喂试验,发现奶牛日饮4kg该饲料后,单产提高1.8kg,每头牛日增利润0.34元、年增利润100多元,经济效益显著,且乳成分无明显变化。

饲料中添加湿态发酵蛋白饲料对奶牛产奶性能的作用

湿态发酵蛋白饲料是玉米经酵母发酵、提取酒精后,又经益生菌发酵、密封包装的产物,其可溶性好,易消化,易吸收,蛋白质含量高。本文通过对奶牛进行饲喂试验,发现奶牛日喂4kg该饲料,平均日单产提高2.15kg,每头牛日增利润1.50元,增产效果好,经济效益显著;乳成分化验结果也表明,日喂4kg该饲料对乳成分无明显影响。

运用刘宝厚教授“湿热不除,蛋白难消”思想治疗肾脏病的体会

肾脏病是21世纪全人类面临的公共健康的主要疾病之一,名老中医刘宝厚教授在中西医结合治疗肾脏疾病方面,积累了丰富的临床经验,并形成了诸多独特的学术思想,本文讨论运用刘宝厚教授"湿热不除,蛋白难消"思想治疗肾脏病的体会,旨在传承名医经验,促进中医发展,造福广大患者。

饮水中添加湿态发酵蛋白饲料提高奶牛产奶量试验

湿态发酵蛋白饲料是玉米经酵母发酵、提取酒精后,又经益生菌发酵、密封包装的产物,其可溶性好、易消化、易吸收、蛋白质含量高。通过对奶牛进行饲喂试验可知,奶牛日添加4kg该饲料,单产可提高2.18kg,每头牛日增利润2.03元,增产效果好,经济效益显著;另外,研究还发现,日添加4kg该饲料对乳成分无显著影响。

超声辅助冷冻对面筋蛋白二级结构的影响

本文通过对湿面筋蛋白冷冻时间和冷藏过程中二级结构变化的检测,研究超声改善冷冻食品品质的微观作用机制。用激光显微共聚焦拉曼光谱仪测定了不同环境下冷冻,冷藏不同时间的面筋蛋白二级结构,结果显示:传统环境下冷冻的湿面筋蛋白二级结构中的α-螺旋的含量随着冷藏时间的延长逐渐减少,无规卷曲的含量随着冷藏时间的延长逐渐增加;超声环境下冷冻的湿面筋蛋白二级结构随着冷藏时间的延长,其二级结构变化不明显。冻结完成时间的测定表明适宜的功率超声能加速湿面筋蛋白的冷冻过程,显示超声辅助冷冻是改善冷冻食品品质的实用技术。

中药、神灯及人血白蛋白治疗压疮的临床观察

压疮是身体局部组织长期受压、血液循环障碍、组织营养缺乏，致使皮肤失去正常功能而引起的组织破损和坏死，轻者为皮肤破损，重者可深达骨骼。老年人是压疮发生的高危人群，瘫痪、大小便失禁、营养不良等是压疮发生的主要个体因素。压疮的实质是压迫性溃疡，其发生病因可归纳为四种因素，即压力、剪切力、磨擦力及潮湿。

Fas and Bc1-2 EXpression on T Lymphocyte Subsets in the Peripheral Blood of Relapsing Patients with Condyloma Acuminatum

Objective: To study the expression of Fas and Bcl-2proteins on T lymphocyte subsets in the peripheralblood of relapsing patients with condyloma acuminatum(CA) and healthy controls. Methods: Flow cytometry (permeabization andstaining procedure with conjugated antibodies) wasused. Results: We observed that the expression of Fasprotein on CD4^+ T lymphocyte subset of CA patientswas significantly higher than that of healthy controls(P<0.01). Conclusions: Increased expression of Fas proteinon CD4^+ T lymphocyte subset may be a cause of de-creased percentage of CD4^+ T lymphocyte subset. Thisinduces the increased ratio of CD4^+/CD8^+.

Analysis of Wettability and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Wheat Straw/SPI

[Objective] The aim was to improve the adhesive bonding property of wheat straw surface to prepare wheat straw particleboard of soy protein isolate （SPI） adhesive through chemical and enzyme treatments. [Method] Evaluation and analysis were made on wettability of wheat straws in the control group and treated groups （chemical and enzyme treatments） by means of measurement of contact angle and calculation of spreading-penetration parameters （K）. In addition, we made analysis on surface elements through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）. [Result] The re- sults showed that K value of straw treated with sodium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide and lipase increased by 58.0%, 48.7% and 83.2% compared to that of control group, respectively. The XPS analysis indicated that rapid decrease of silicon content and destruction of wax layer greatly contributed to wettability improvement of wheat straw surface. [Conclusion] The chemical and lipase treatments of wheat straw provided technical support for manufacture of wheat straw particle boand.

Impact of Some Agronomic Practices on Paddy Field Soil Health Under Varied Ecological Conditions: I. Influence of Soil Moisture

The effects of individual and combined additions of urea (100 μg N g-1 soil) and insecticide (triazophos at field rate, FR) under different moisture levels of air-dried soil (AD), 50% of water-holding capacity (WHC), 100% WHC and flooded soil (FS) on some selected soil properties in a paddy field soil were examined in a laboratory incubation study. The results indicated that after 21-day incubation at 25℃, the different moisture levels led to significant changes in the parameters studied. Flooding of soil with distilled water significantly increased the electron transport system (ETS) /dehydrogenase activity and phenol contents of the soil compared to the other moisture levels, while protein and phospholipids behaved differently at varied moisture levels with or without the addition of urea and/or triazophos. Increased ETS activity was observed with N addition at higher moisture levels while insecticide incorporation decreased it at all moisture levels as compared to the control (moisture only). The phenol contents slightly decreased and increased with N and insecticide applications, respectively. The soil protein contents were found to be unaffected among all the soil treatments at all moisture levels. However, among different moisture levels, reduced quantities of proteins were estimated at 50% WHC, suggesting more N-mineralization. Lower quantities of soil biomass phospholipids, among all treatments, were recorded at higher moisture levels (100% WHC and FS) than at the lower levels. An overall slight enhancement in phospholipid contents with N and small reduction with insecticide addition, respectively, was noticed against the untreated soil. The toxicity of fertilizer and insecticide decreased as the soil moisture contents increased, suggesting rapid degradation of agrochemicals.

Quantitative Traits of Ion Beam Induced Mutagenesis in Triticum aestivum

[Objective] The aim of this study was to elucidate the quantitative traits of plants mutagenized by ion beam. [Method] The particular variation phenotypes, a- gronomic traits, and protein and wet gluten contents of progenies derived from the same ion beam induced mutant were investigated. [Result] Morphological polymor- phism existed in some individuals. Plant height, spike length and protein content were significantly influenced by ion beam, and effective tiller number and wet gluten content were moderately influenced. Multiple comparisons of all the indices within groups indicated genomic instability among these groups. Coefficient of variation im- plied the differences within group were very low. [Conclusion] Ion beam irradiation displayed characteristics of multi-directivity and non-directiveness. It aroused multiple variations in the same mutant. Instability among progeny indicates cells had different fate even in the same irradiated tissue. It may take several generations for mutants to stabilize particular phenotypes. The effects of ion beam irradiation may be the in- terrelated direct irradiation damage, indirect irradiation damage and late effect, such as bystander effect and adaptive response.