全髋关节置换术中皮肤压疮的危险因素及护理措施

目的:探讨全髋关节置换术患者发生皮肤压疮的危险因素,并制定相应的措施。方法:观察6例压疮组与42例对照组全髋关节置换手术患者的手术时间、年龄、体温、失血量的不同,分析表明2组有显著差异。结果:手术时间、年龄、体温、失血量是压疮发生的危险因素。结论:术前对患者进行全面评估并采取有效的护理措施,对预防术中发生压疮有重要意义。

Key factors for causing poplar Ice Nucleation Active bacterial canker and its control techniques

The isolation, culture and the active determination of poplar ice nucleation active (INA) bacteria and the inoculation tests in laboratory and field were conducted, and the varieties, distribution and number of poplar INA bacteria and its pathoge-nicity and freezing injury property were determined. The study results showed that the INA bacteria widely spread on poplar in Northeast China and caused the frozen injury for poplar under the frost condition in Spring or Autumn, which was the key factor to induce INA bacterial canker. Through evaluation and investigation of different poplar varieties and inoculation tests, fine dis-ease-resistant varieties and strains of poplar suitable for Northeast China were selected. Further tests for strong seedling showed that burying cuttings in sand and covering with plastic film could effectively avoid the frostbite, frozen and drought damage, reduce INA bacteria infection, and promote poplar growth. INA bacterial canker was detected early by highly special-ized antiserums of INA bacteria and the agglutinated test of ring-shaped boundary surface. The inducers such as streptomycin, phenylmercuric acetae, salicylic acid and heat-killed bacteria to immerse cuttings, have obvious induced disease-resistant effect. Before poplar sprouted in early spring, through spraying the solution of frostbite agent, the control effect also was obvious.

comparison between tocotrienol and omeprazole on gastric growth factors in stress-exposed rats

AIM To investigate and compare the effects of tocotrienol and omeprazole on gastric growth factors in rats exposed to water-immersion restraint stress(WIRS).METHODS Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups of seven rats. The two control groups were administered vitamin-free palm oil(vehicle) and the two treatment groups were given omeprazole(20 mg/kg) or tocotrienol(60 mg/kg) by oral gavage. After 28 d of treatment, rats from one control group and both treated groups were subjected to WIRS one time for 3.5 h. Gastric lesions were measured and gastric tissues were obtained to measure vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), epidermal growth factor(EGF), basic fibroblast growth factor(b FGF), and transforming growth factor-alpha(TGF-α) m RNA expression. RESULTS Rats exposed to WIRS for 3.5 h demonstrated the presence of considerable ulcers in the form of gastric erosion. The lesion index in the stressed control(S) group was increased(P < 0.001) compared to the tocotrienol treated and omeprazole treated groups. Stress led to a decrease in gastric VEGF(P < 0.001), b FGF(P < 0.001) and TGF-α(P < 0.001) m RNA levels and caused an increase in EGF m RNA(P < 0.001) that was statistically significant compared to the nonstressed control group. Although both treatment agents exerted similar ulcer reducing ability, only treatment with tocotrienol led to increased expression of VEGF(P = 0.008), b FGF(P = 0.001) and TGF-α(P = 0.002) m RNA.CONCLUSION Tocotrienol provides gastroprotective effects in WIRSinduced ulcers. Compared to omeprazole, tocotrienol exerts a similar protective effect, albeit through multiple mechanisms of protection, particularly through up-regulation of growth factors that assist in repair of gastric tissue injuries.

Replication of interleukin 23 receptor and autophagy-related 16-like 1 association in adult-and pediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease in Italy

AIM: To investigate gene variants in a large Italian inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) cohort, and to analyze the correlation of sub-phenotypes (including age at diagnosis) and epistatic interaction with other IBD genes. METHODS: Total of 763 patients with Crohn's disease (CD, 189 diagnosed at age < 19 years), 843 with ulcerative colitis (UC, 179 diagnosed <19 years), 749 healthy controls, and 546 healthy parents (273 trios) were included in the study. The rs2241880 [autophagy-related 16-like 1 (ATG16L1)], rs11209026 and rs7517847 [interleukin 23 receptor (IL23R)], rs2066844, rs2066845, rs2066847 (CARD15), rs1050152 (OCTN1), and rs2631367 (OCTN2) gene variants were genotyped. RESULTS: The frequency of G allele of ATG16L1 SNP (Ala197Thr) was increased in patients with CD compared with controls (59% vs 54% respectively) (OR = 1.25, CI = 1.08-1.45, P = 0.003), but not in UC (55%). The frequency of A and G (minor) alleles of Arg381Gln, rs11209026 and rs7517847 variants of IL23R were reduced significantly in CD (4%, OR = 0.62, CI = 0.45-0.87, P = 0.005; 28%, OR = 0.64, CI = 0.55-0.75, P < 0.01), compared with controls (6% and 38%, respectively). The A allele (but not G) was also reduced signifi cantly in UC (4%, OR = 0.69, CI = 0.5-0.94, P = 0.019). No association was demonstrated with sub-phenotypes and interaction with CARD15 , and OCTN1/2 genes, although both gene variants were associated with pediatric-onset disease. CONCLUSION: The present study confirms the association of IL23R polymorphisms with IBD, and ATG16L1 with CD, in both adult- and pediatric-onset subsets in our study population.

Prevalence and risk factors of asymptomatic peptic ulcer disease in Taiwan

AIM:To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of asymptomatic peptic ulcer disease(PUD)in a general Taiwan Residents population. METHODS:From January to August 2008,consecutive asymptomatic subjects undergoing a routine health check-up were evaluated by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.Gastroduodenal mucosal breaks were carefully assessed,and a complete medical history and demographic data were obtained from each patient.Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify indepen-dent risk factors for asymptomatic PUD. RESULTS:Of the 572 asymptomatic subjects,54(9.4%) were diagnosed as having PUD.The prevalence of gastric ulcer,duodenal ulcer and both gastric and duodenal ulcers were 4.7%,3.9%,and 0.9%,respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that prior history of PUD [odds ratio(OR),2.0,95%CI:1.3-2.9],high body mass index[body mass index(BMI)25-30:OR,1.5,95%CI: 1.0-2.2;BMI>30 kg/m 2 :OR,3.6,95%CI:1.5-8.7] and current smoker(OR,2.6,95%CI:1.6-4.4)were independent predictors of asymptomatic PUD.In contrast, high education level was a negative predictor of PUD (years of education 10-12:OR,0.5,95%CI:0.3-0.8; years of education>12:OR,0.6,95%CI:0.3-0.9). CONCLUSION:The prevalence of PUD in asymptomatic subjects is 9.4%in Taiwan.Prior history of PUD, low education level,a high BMI and current smoker are independent risk factors for developing asymptomatic PUD.

Different risk factors influence peptic ulcer disease development in a Brazilian population

AIM: To investigate age, sex, histopathology and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) status, as risk factors for gastroduodenal disease outcome in Brazilian dyspeptic patients.tients submitted to upper gastroscopy at Hospital das Clinicas of Marilia, antral biopsy specimens were obtained and subjected to histopathology and H. pylori diagnosis. All patients presenting chronic gastritis (CG) and peptic ulcer (PU) disease localized in the stomach, gastric ulcer (GU) and/or duodenal ulcer (DU) were included in the study. Gastric biopsies (n = 668) positive for H. pylori by rapid urease test were investigated for vacuolating cytotoxin A (vacA ) medium (m) region mosaicism by polymerase chain reaction. Logistic regression analysis was performed to verify the association of age, sex, histopathologic alterations, H. pylori diagnosis and vacA m region mosaicism with the incidence of DU, GU and CG in patients. RESULTS: Of 1466 patients submitted to endoscopy, 1060 (72.3%) presented CG [male/female = 506/554; mean age (year) ± SD = 51.2 ± 17.81], 88 (6.0%) presented DU [male/female = 54/34; mean age (year) ± SD = 51.4 ± 17.14], and 75 (5.1%) presented GU [male/female = 54/21; mean age (year) ± SD = 51.3 ± 17.12] and were included in the comparative analysis. Sex and age showed no detectable effect on CG incidence (overall c 2 = 2.1, P = 0.3423). Sex [Odds ratios (OR) = 1.8631, P = 0.0058] but not age (OR = 0.9929, P = 0.2699) was associated with DU and both parameters had a highly significant effect on GU (overall c 2 = 30.5, P < 0.0001). The histopathological results showed a significant contribution of ageing for both atrophy (OR = 1.0297, P < 0.0001) and intestinal metaplasia (OR = 1.0520, P < 0.0001). Presence of H. pylori was significantly associated with decreasing age (OR = 0.9827, P < 0.0001) and with the incidence of DU (OR = 3.6077, P < 0.0001). The prevalence of m1 in DU was statistically significant (OR = 2.3563, P = 0.0018) but not in CG (OR = 2.678, P = 0.0863) and GU (OR = 1.520, P = 0.2863). CONCLUSION: In our population, male gender was a risk factor for PU; ageing for GU, atrophy and metapla-sia; and H. pylori of vacA m1 genotype for DU.

Effect of electro-acupuncture at Foot-Yangming Meridian on somatostatin and expression of somatostatin receptor genes in rabbits with gastric ulcer

AIM： To discuss the protective effect of electroacupuncture at the Foot-Yangming Meridian on gastric mucosal lesion, somatostatin （SS） and the expression of SS receptor genes （SSR1mRNA） in rabbits with gastric ulcer and to further explore the relative specificity of meridians and viscera at gene expression level. METHODS： Forty rabbits were randomly divided into control group （A）, gastric ulcer model group （B）, FootYangming Meridian group （C）, Foot-Shaoyang Meridian group （D） and Foot-Taiyang Meridian group （E）. The gastric ulcer model was prepared by infusing alcohol into stomach. Groups C-E were treated with electroacupuncture at points along the above meridians using meridian stimulating instruments for 7 days respectively. By the end of treatment, the index of gastric ulcer was determined, the amount of epidermal growth factor（EGF） and somatostatin was measured by radioimmunoassay （PJA）. SS-R1mRNA expression in gastric mucosa was determined by RT-PCR. RESULTS： The value of EGF in model group was obviously lower（73.6±14.8 vs 91.3±14.9 pg/mL, P〈 0.01） than that in control group. The index of gastric ulcer, content of SS and expression of SSRtmRNA in gastric mucosa were significantly higher than those in control group （24.88 ± 6.29 vs 8.50 ± 2.98 scores, P〈 0.01; 2978.6 ± 587.6 vs 1852.4 ± 361.7 mIU/mL, P〈 0.01; 2.56±0.25 vs 1.04±0.36, P〈0.01） . The value of EGF in Foot-Yangming Meridian group was higher than that in model group（92.2±6.7 vs 73.6±14.8 pg/mL, P〈 0.01）. The index of gastric ulcer, content of SS and expression of SS-R1mRNA in gastric mucosa were significantlylower than those in control group（10.88±3.23 vs 24.88±6.29 scores, P〈0.01; 1800.2±488 vs 2978.6±587.6 mIU/mL, P 〈 0.01; 1.07±0.08 vs 2.56±0.25mIU/mL, P〈0.01）. Compared to the model group, the content of SS and expression of SSRlmRNA in gastric mucosa in Foot-Shaoyang Meridian group decreased （2441.0±488. vs 2978.6± 587.6 mIU/mL, P〈 0.05; 1.73±0.16 vs 2.56±0.25 mIU/mL, P〈0.01）. But the above parameters in Foot-Taiyang Meridian group did not improve and were significantly different from those in Footoyangming Meridian group （P〈0.05） CONCLUSION： Electro-acupuncture at Foot-Yangming Meridian can protect gastric mocusa against injury. The mechanism may be releted to the regulation of brain-gut peptides and the expression of SSRtmRNA.

Etiology of inflammatory bowel disease:A unified hypothesis

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),including both ulcerative colitis(UC) and Crohn's disease(CD),emerged and dramatically increased for about a century.Despite extensive research,its cause remains regarded as unknown.About a decade ago,a series of findings made me suspect that saccharin may be a key causative factor for IBD,through its inhibition on gut bacteria and the resultant impaired inactivation of digestive proteases and over digestion of the mucus layer and gut barrier(the Bacteria-Protease-Mucus-Barrier hypothesis).It explained many puzzles in IBD such as its emergence and temporal changes in last century.Recently I further found evidence suggesting sucralose may be also linked to IBD through a similar mechanism as saccharin and have contributed to the recent worldwide increase of IBD.This new hypothesis suggests that UC and CD are just two symptoms of the same morbidity,rather than two different diseases.They are both caused by a weakening in gut barrier and only differ in that UC is mainly due to increased infiltration of gut bacteria and the resultant recruitment of neutrophils and formation of crypt abscess,while CD is mainly due to increased infiltration of antigens and particles from gut lumen and the resultant recruitment of macrophages and formation of granulomas.It explained the delayed appearance but accelerated increase of CD over UC and many other phenomena.This paper aims to provide a detailed description of a unified hypothesis regardingthe etiology of IBD,including the cause and mechanism of IBD,as well as the relationship between UC and CD.

Perinatal and early life risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease

AIM:To investigate associations between perinatal risk factors and subsequent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in children and young adults.METHODS:Record linked abstracts of birth registrations,maternity,day case and inpatient admissions in a defined population of southern England.Investigation of 20 perinatal factors relating to the maternity or the birth:maternal age,Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) in the mother,maternal social class,marital status,smoking in pregnancy,ABO blood group and rhesus status,pre-eclampsia,parity,the infant's presentation at birth,caesarean delivery,forceps delivery,sex,number of babies delivered,gestational age,birthweight,head circumference,breastfeeding and Apgar scores at one and five minutes.RESULTS:Maternity records were present for 180 children who subsequently developed IBD.Univariate analysis showed increased risks of CD among children of mothers with CD (P=0.011,based on two cases of CD in both mother and child) and children of mothers who smoked during pregnancy.Multivariate analysis confirmed increased risks of CD among children of mothers who smoked (odds ratio=2.04,95% CI=1.06-3.92) and for older mothers aged 35+ years (4.81,2.32-9.98).Multivariate analysis showed that there were no significant associations between CD and 17 other perinatal risk factors investigated.It also showed that,for UC,there were no significant associations with the perinatal factors studied.CONCLUSION:This study shows an association between CD in mother and child;and elevated risks of CD in children of older mothers and of mothers who smoked.

Low eradication rate of Helicobacterpyloriwith triple 7-14 days and quadriple therapy in Turkey

AIM:The eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) shows variation among countries and regimens of treatment. We aimed to study the eradication rates of different regimens in our region and some factors affecting the rate of eradication. METHODS:One hundred and sixty-four H pylori positive patients (68 males,96 females;mean age:48±12 years) with duodenal or gastric ulcer without a smoking history were included in the study.The patients were divided into three groups according to the treatment regimens.Omeprazole 20mg,clarithromycin 500mg,amoxicillin 1g were given twice daily for 1 week (Group Ⅰ) and 2 weeks (Group Ⅱ). Patients in Group Ⅲ received bismuth subsitrate 300mg, tetracyline 500mg and metronidazole 500mg four times daily in addition to Omeprazole 20mg twice daily.Two biopsies each before and after treatment were obtained from antrum and corpus,and histopathologically evaluated. Eradication was assumed to be successful if no H pylorus was detected from four biopsy specimens taken after treatment.The effects of factors like age,sex,H pylori density on antrum and corpus before treatment,the total H pylori density,and the inflammation scores on the rate of H pylori eradication were evaluated. RESULTS:The overall eradication rate was 42%.The rates in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were statistically higher than that in group Ⅰ (P<0.05).The rates of eradication were 24.5%, 40.7% and 61.5% in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ,respectively.The eradication rate was negatively related to either corpus H pylori density or total H pylori density (P<0.05).The median age was older in the group in which the eradication failed in comparison to that with successful eradication (55 yr vs 39 yr,P<0.001).No correlation between sex and H pylori eradication was found. CONCLUSION:Our rates of eradication were significantly lower when compared to those reported in literature.We believe that advanced age and high H pylori density are negative predictive factors for the rate of H pylori eradication.

Role of ATG16L,NOD2 and IL23R in Crohn's disease pathogenesis

Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of diseases that includes Crohn＇s disease （CD） and ulcerative colitis. CD is characterized as a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract, ranging from the mouth to the anus. Although there are gross pathological and histological similarities between CD and Johne＇s dis- ease of cattle, the cause of CD remains controversial. It is vital to understand fully the cause of this disease because it affects approximately 500 000 people in North America and Europe. It ranges from 27 to 48 cases per 100 000 people. There are many theories on the cause of CD ranging from possible association with environmental factors including microorganisms to imbalance in the intestinal normal flora of the pa- tients. Regardless of the environmental trigger, there is strong evidence that a genetic disposition is a major key in acquiring CD. Many studies have proven the link between mutations in the ATG16L, NOD2/CARD15, IBDS, CTLA4, TNFSF15 and IL23R genes, and CD. The purpose of this review is to examine all genetic aspects and theories of CD, including up to date multiple popu- lation studies performed worldwide.

Therapeutic effects of Clostridium butyricum on experimental colitis induced by oxazolone in rats

AIM： To evaluate the therapeutic effects of a probiotic supplement （Clostridium butyricum, CGMCC0313 ） in a chemically-induced rat model of experimental colitis. METHODS： An experimental ulcerative colitis model was established by rectal injection of oxazolone into the colon of 40 Wistar rats randomly divided into four groups. The positive control group was sacrificed 3 d after colitis onset. The remaining groups were fed daily with either 2 mL of C. butyricum （2.3 × 10^11 CFU/L）, 2 mL of mesalamine （100 g/L）, or 1 mL of sodium butyrate （50 mmol/L） for 21 d. The animals＇ body weight, behavior, and bowel movements were recorded weekly. After sacrifice, visual and microscopic observations of pathological changes of colon tissue were made, body weight and wet colon mass index were measured and recorded, and serum levels of interleukin-23 （IL-23） and TNF-α were measured using ELISA. Expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide in colon tissue was measured by RT-PCR. Finally, changes in rat intestinal microflora status were measured in all groups.lowered the serum levels of both IL-23 and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） with similar or even better efficiency than that of mesalamine or sodium butyrate. The rat intestinal flora appeared to recover more quickly in the group treated with C. butyricum than in the mesalamine and sodium butyrate groups. Finally, we found that the expression level of calcitonin gene related peptide was elevated in colon tissue in the sodium butyrate treated group but not in the C. butyricum or mesalamine treated groups, indicating a sensitization of colon following sodium butyrate treatment. CONCLUSION： In our experimental colitis model, treatment with C. butyricum CGMCC0313, a probiotic supplement, is at least as efficient as treatment with mesalamine.

Impact of environmental and dietary factors on the course of inflammatory bowel disease

Besides their possible effects on the development of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),some environmental factors can modulate the clinical course of both ulcerative colitis(UC) and Crohn's disease(CD).This review is mainly devoted to describing the current knowledge of the impact of some of these factors on the outcome of IBD,with special emphasis on smoking and diet.Although the impact of smoking on the susceptibility to develop CD and UC is firmly established,its influence on the clinical course of both diseases is still debatable.In CD,active smoking is a risk factor for postoperative recurrence.Beyond this clinical setting,smoking cessation seems to be advantageous in those CD patients who were smokers at disease diagnosis,while smoking resumption may be of benefit in ex-smokers with resistant UC.The role of dietary habits on the development of IBD is far from being well established.Also,food intolerances are very frequent,but usually inconsistent among IBD patients,and therefore no general dietary recommendations can be made in these patients.In general,IBD patients should eat a diet as varied as possible.Regarding the possible therapeutic role of some dietary components in IBD,lessons should be drawn from the investigation of the primary therapeutic effect of enteral nutrition in CD.Low-fat diets seem to be particularly useful.Also,some lipid sources,such as olive oil,medium-chain triglycerides,and perhaps omega-3 fatty acids,might have a therapeutic effect.Fermentable fiber may have a role in preventing relapses in inactive UC.

Sex-dimorphic adverse drug reactions to immune suppressive agents in inflammatory bowel disease

AIM:To analyze sex differences in adverse drug reactions(ADR) to the immune suppressive medication in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) patients.METHODS:All IBD patients attending the IBD outpatient clinic of a referral hospital were identified through the electronic diagnosis registration system.The electronic medical records of IBD patients were reviewed and the files of those patients who have used immune suppressive therapy for IBD,i.e.,thiopurines,methotrexate,cyclosporine,tacrolimus and anti-tumor necrosis factor agents(anti-TNF);infliximab(IFX),adalimumab(ADA) and/or certolizumab,were further analyzed.The reported ADR to immune suppressive drugs were noted.The general definition of ADR used in clinical practice comprised the occurrence of the ADR in the temporal relationship with its disappearance upon discontinuation of the medication.Patients for whom the required information on drug use and ADR was not available in the electronic medical record and patients with only one registered contact and no further followup at the outpatient clinic were excluded.The difference in the incidence and type of ADR between male and female IBD patients were analyzed statistically by χ 2 test.RESULTS:In total,1009 IBD patients were identified in the electronic diagnosis registration system.Out of these 1009 patients,843 patients were eligible for further analysis.There were 386 males(46%),mean age 42 years(range:16-87 years) with a mean duration of the disease of 14 years(range:0-54 years);578 patients with Crohn's disease,244 with ulcerative colitis and 21 with unclassified colitis.Seventy percent(586 pts) of patients used any kind of immune suppressive agents at a certain point of the disease course,the majority of the patients(546 pts,65%) used thiopurines,176 pts(21%) methotrexate,46 pts(5%) cyclosporine and one patient tacrolimus.One third(240 pts,28%) of patients were treated with anti-TNF,the majority of patients(227 pts,27%) used IFX,99(12%) used ADA and five patients certolizumab.There were no differences between male and female patients in the use of immune suppressive agents.With regards to ADR,no differences between males and females were observed in the incidence of ADR to thiopurines,methotrexate and cyclosporine.Among 77 pts who developed ADR to one or more anti-TNF agents,significantly more females(54 pts,39% of all anti-TNF treated women) than males(23 pts,23% of all antiTNF treated men) experienced ADR to an anti-TNF agent [P = 0.011;odds ratio(OR) 2.2,95%CI 1.2-3.8].The most frequent ADR to both anti-TNF agents,IFX and ADA,were allergic reactions(15% of all IFX users and 7% of all patients treated with ADA) and for both agents a significantly higher rate of allergic reactions in females compared with males was observed.As a result of ADR,36 patients(15% of all patients using anti-TNF) stopped the treatment,with significantly higher stopping rate among females(27 females,19% vs 9 males,9%,P = 0.024).CONCLUSION:Treatment with anti-TNF antibodies is accompanied by sexual dimorphic profile of ADR with female patients being more at risk for allergic reactions and subsequent discontinuation of the treatment.

山西省阳泉市食管癌病例对照研究

１９５８年华北四省一市进行了一次大规模食管癌普查，发现太行山区食管癌高发，阳泉属其中［１］。６０年代末以来，阳泉市食管癌死亡率波动在４０／１０万～６０／１０万之间［２］；食管癌呈明显的家族聚集性［３］。为进一步分析阳泉市食管癌发病因素中环境和遗传因素...

Effect of Moxibustion on the Expressions of Protein KGF-1, KGF-2 and IL-6 in Colon of Rats with Ulcerative Colitis

Objective： To observe the effect of moxibustion on the expressions of protein keratinocyte growth factor-1 （KGF-1）, KGF-2, and interleukin-6 （IL-6） in colon of rats with ulcerative colitis （UC）, and to explore the action mechanism of moxibustion in treating UC. Methods： SD rats were randomized into a normal group, a model group, a herbs-partitioned moxibustion group, and a sulfasalazine （SASP） group. The rats in the herbs-partitioned group were treated with herbs-partitioned moxibustion at Tianshu （ST 25） and Qihai （CV 6）, and those in the SASP group were treated by intragastric administration. After interventions, HE staining and light microscope were adopted in observing the histopathological changes of rat＇s colon, and immunohistochemical methods for detecting the expressions of KGF-1, KGF-2, and IL-6 proteins in rat＇s colon. Results： Compared with the model group, the rats＇ colons in the herbs-partitioned moxibustion group and the SASP group were histopathologically improved; compared with the normal group, the expressions of KGF-1, KGF-2, and IL-6 proteins increased significantly in the model group （P〈0.05）; after intervened by herbs-partitioned moxibustion and SASP respectively, the expressions of KGF-1, KGF-2, and IL-6 proteins in rat＇s colon were decreased markedly （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Both herbs-partitioned moxibustion and SASP can down-regulate the expressions of KGF-1, KGF-2, and IL-6 proteins in rat＇s colon, which might be one of the mechanisms of herbs-partitioned moxibustion and SASP in treating UC.

Risk factors and clinical implication of superimposed Campylobacter jejuni infection in patients with underlying ulcerative colitis

Background and aims:Superimposed Campylobacter jejuni infection(CJI)has been described in patients with ulcerative colitis(UC).Its risk factors and impact on the disease course of UC are not known.Our aims were to evaluate the risk factors for CJI in UC patients and the impact of the bacterial infection on outcomes of UC.Methods:Out of a total of 918 UC patients tested,21(2.3%)of patients were found to be positive for CJI(the study group).The control group comprised 84 age-matched UC patients who had tested negative for CJI.Risk factors for CJI and UC-related outcomes at 1 year after diagnosis of CJI were compared between the two groups.Results:Ten patients(47.6%)with CJI required hospital admission at the time of diagnosis,including eight for the management of“UC flare”.Treatment with antibiotics resulted in improvement in symptoms in 13 patients(61.9%).On multivariate analysis,hospital admission in the preceding year was found to be an independent risk factor for CJI[odds ratio(OR):3.9;95%confidence interval(CI):1.1–14.1]and there was a trend for chronic liver disease as a strong risk factor(OR:5.0;95%CI:0.9–28.3).At 1-year follow up,there was a trend for higher rates of UC-related colectomy(28.8% vs.14.3%;P=0.11),and mortality(9.5%vs.1.2%;P=0.096)in the study group.Conclusion:Recent hospitalization within 1 year was found to be associated with increased risk for CJI in UC patients.There was a trend for worse clinical outcomes of UC with in patients with superimposed CJI,which was frequently associated with UC flare requiring hospital admission.